重金属Cd对污水厂剩余污泥厌氧水解和酸化的影响

在序批式厌氧反应器中探究了重金属Cd~(2+)对污泥厌氧水解和酸化的影响。实验结果表明0.1 mg/L Cd~(2+)能够促进污泥的水解和酸化过程进而促进短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的积累;且其最大积累量为1 025 mg/L。高浓度Cd~(2+)能够促进污泥中有机物的释放;但对酸化过程有严重的抑制作用。当Cd~(2+)的浓度为5.0 mg/L时,最大溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)和SCFA浓度分别为1 395、465 mg/L,分别是空白对照组的1.5和0.5倍。同时发现高浓度Cd~(2+)(例如5.0 mg/L)能够抑制产甲烷古菌的活性进而导致SCFA的消耗量较低。     

驯化污泥的投加对污泥产酸过程的影响

城市污水处理厂产生的剩余污泥常用作厌氧水解产酸的原料,可为反硝化工艺提供可利用碳源.本文通过实验研究了在不同的驯化污泥与未驯化污泥质量比（n）下,剩余污泥厌氧水解酸化过程中pH、ORP、SCOD、TOC、TN、NO3-N、NO2-N和MLSS的变化规律.综合各因素分析,结果表明：最佳配比方式为n=1∶2.在此配比下,SCOD和TOC分别能达到的最大值为5006.7mg/L和2060mg/L,反应时间为3d.     

添加PAM对剩余污泥共厌氧消化的影响

考察了含聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)剩余污泥在3种温度下与酒精糟液共厌氧消化的运行及厌氧污泥性质.结果表明:与没有添加PAM的共厌氧消化相比,当PAM与剩余污泥中总固体的质量比w为10 g·kg-1时,在35、45、55 ℃下共厌氧消化后污泥的日产气量分别减少了32.2%、31.6%和29.8%;当w为20 g·kg-1时,日产气量分别减少了41.7%、36.9%和47.4%.在同一种温度下,随着PAM添加量的增加,化学需氧量、总固体、挥发性固体的去除率逐渐减小,污泥黏度不但受到温度的影响,而且要受到PAM添加量的影响.当w为40 g·kg-1时,与低混合搅拌强度下的产气量相比,55 ℃时高混合搅拌强度下的产气量增加最大,35 ℃和45 ℃时产气量增加并不明显.沉淀性能最好的是35 ℃下厌氧消化污泥,沉淀性能最差的是55 ℃下厌氧消化污泥.     

剩余污泥低温热水解中试

中国污泥有机物质量比低,厌氧消化速率慢、产气少,60℃左右的热水解是改善措施之一。该文在热水解罐中进行了剩余污泥低温热水解的中试研究,采用热泵供热。对水力停留时间(HRT)、温度(T)、污泥含固率和有机物质量比(CVSS/CSS)等对剩余污泥低温热水解的影响以及重要性进行了分析。试验结果表明:低温热水解的最佳工艺条件为:HRT为1d,温度54~60℃,污泥含固率3%。加碱可以促进水解,当污泥含固率5%时,调节pH到10可使VSS去除率和有机物溶出率分别增加46.8%和100%。正交试验结果表明:温度、污泥含固率和有机物质量比都是热水解的关键影响因素,各因素对VSS去除率和有机物溶出率影响的重要性顺序一致,由大到小的顺序为:污泥含固率、温度、有机物质量比。在最佳工况下,剩余污泥低温热水解后进行中温(35℃)厌氧消化,消化时间10d的情况下,沼气产量比未低温热水解时增加44%。     

制备剩余污泥水解蛋白质实验条件的初步研究

以武汉水质净化厂剩余污泥为材料,在不同固液比(剩余污泥与加水量的质量之比)、温度、水解时间和催化条件下进行水解,并对所获蛋白的含量、浓度、总量以及污泥消减率等指标进行了统计分析.结果表明:固液比1∶3~1∶2、水解温度121℃、水解时间6 h为最佳实验条件;对于催化剂,盐酸水解效果优于石灰.     

活性污泥以木糖为碳源产氢发酵的工艺条件

木质纤维素是农作物秸秆的主要组成部分,木糖是木质纤维素水解后的重要单糖之一。本文以木糖为碳源研究了木糖浓度、接种量、发酵温度、和培养基的初始pH值对厌氧污泥发酵产氢量、产氢速率及木糖产氢效率的影响。研究结果表明,木糖浓度、接种量、发酵温度、初始pH值是影响活性污泥发酵产氢的4个重要因素。厌氧污泥发酵产氢的最适木糖浓度为3g／L,最适接种量为25％（体积百分比）,最适初始pH值为7—8,最适温度为35℃。     

剩余污泥减量化的初步研究

以水解酸化理论为基础介绍了剩余污泥水解酸化的机理。并通过比较实验，对水解酸化处理剩余污泥的技术方面问题进行了分析和探讨。结果表明，该方法处理剩余污泥运行稳定可靠，效果明显，并且对水处理当中的脱色、营养物补充有较大作用。     

气浮浓缩污泥两相厌氧消化

研究了高温酸化 (5 5℃ )、中温甲烷化 (35℃ )两相和中温单相厌氧工艺处理气浮浓缩污泥的性能 .研究结果表明 ,对于较高浓度的气浮浓缩污泥在水力停留时间 (tHR)大于 1 0d ,挥发性固体 (VS)的有机负荷小于 3.77kg·m-3 ·d-1的条件下 ,两相厌氧消化系统去除率可超过 40 % .当tHR降至 7d ,有机负荷升至 5 .38kg·m-3 ·d-1时 ,VS去除率仍可达 35 % .在tHR为 1 0d ,有机负荷为 3.77kg·m-3 ·d-1的条件下 ,两相厌氧消化系统VS去除率要优于单相系统 ,但两相系统的甲烷化罐出现较高浓度的有机酸积累 ,其结果表明对于两相厌氧消化系统 ,不仅要强化产酸罐的水解和发酵的速率和效率 ,而且要避免酸化罐形成的有机酸对甲烷化罐的负影响 ,否则会导致两相系统比单相系统更差的处理性能 ,甚至运行的失败     

生物表面活性剂脂肽耦合秸秆对污泥厌氧发酵的影响

为了克服污泥自身C/N失衡及水解速率过低的难点,向污泥发酵体系中投加秸秆和生物表面活性剂脂肽。实验结果表明污泥和秸秆的最佳质量比为1∶2,此时最大生产的含量为2 362 mg/L。生物表面活性剂脂肽能够进一步促进污泥和秸秆共发酵水解和酸化速率;并且脂肽的最佳投加量为60 mg/g。在最优条件下污泥和秸秆发酵体系中溶解性化学需氧量的最大值为7 481 mg/L,挥发性脂肪酸挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的最大值为2 854 mg/L。进一步研究发现脂肽的存在能够促进蛋白酶,α-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶的活性而对F420的活性具有抑制作用。     

炼油厂剩余污泥高温厌氧消化实验研究

针对某石化公司污水处理厂的剩余污泥,采取动态半连续流高温厌氧消化装置进行实验研究．通过对系统进行每天定量投配生活污泥,考察系统中pH值、VFA及投配率的变化情况．经消化历程实验发现,剩余活性污泥有较好的消化性能,消化1个周期约为20～25d;消化系统的pH值保持在6．5～7．5之间,且碱度维持在2500mg／L的情况下,有较强的缓冲能力,污泥投配率增加时,未发生酸化现象．结果显示搅拌可以增加产气量;某石化公司污水生化处理剩余污泥的C／N值在10左右,在未经对其调配的情况下,进行厌氧消化处理,未发生由于含氮量过高而引起的pH值升高的现象．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the