光谱分数阶微分与玉米叶片重金属铜含量的相关性分析

常用的整数阶一阶和二阶微分光谱曲线差异较大,而分数阶微分可实现光谱信息细化,能将整数阶微分容易忽略的信息充分利用起来,更能深度挖掘光谱中的潜在信息。以重金属铜胁迫的盆栽玉米为研究对象,在玉米叶片受不同浓度CuSO_4胁迫下,光谱反射率和Cu~(2+)含量的实验室测量数据基础上,对光谱反射率进行0~1内0.1阶的11个阶次微分处理,将各阶次的微分值与测得的玉米叶片中Cu~(2+)含量进行相关性分析;并对各阶次的微分光谱值进行0.01和0.05显著性水平的检验。分析结果表明,与常用的一阶微分相比,分数阶微分可以突显某些波段的光谱反射率与叶片中Cu~(2+)含量的相关性,扩大特征波段的选择空间。     

基于高分五号卫星数据的红树林群落光谱特征分析

为解决高分五号(GF-5)高光谱数据空间分辨率较低的问题，本研究采用葛拉姆-施密特(Gram-Schmidt, GS)正交变换融合算法对GF-5高光谱数据与高分二号(GF-2)数据进行空谱融合，利用1 m分辨率的GF-5高光谱数据结合实地样本数据提取不同红树林群落与互花米草群落的平均反射率，通过包络线去除与一阶微分计算的方法分析不同红树林群落与互花米草群落的复合光谱特征，从光谱特征探讨红树林群落的可分性。结果表明，在原始光谱曲线680-900、980-1 320、1 530-1 750 nm区间4种群落的光谱差异最大；经过包络线去除与一阶微分计算后的4种群落的光谱反射率分别在1 170-1 400 nm与1 330-1 470 nm波长范围处表现出明显差异。综上可知，不同红树林群落与互花米草的光谱反射率在近红外波段范围内的差异性最大，近红外波段可作为识别不同红树林群落与互花米草的优势波段。     

基于分区的太湖叶绿素a遥感估测模型

以太湖为研究区域,测试水体的反射光谱和表层水质并分析叶绿素的光谱特征,对比MODIS波段并找出与叶绿素a质量浓度相关性较好或对叶绿素a质量浓度变化较为敏感的波段,根据主成分变换后的MODIS图像色调对太湖进行分区并分别用主成分、单波段及波段组合因子建立各区内相应的叶绿素a质量浓度估测模型.结果表明:对太湖合理分区可以提高叶绿素a质量浓度的遥感估测精度;经过主成分变化后的第2主成分,MODIS波段1,3~4,10~14的反射率及波段反射率组合可以较好地估测分区后的叶绿素a质量浓度.     

内陆小型湖泊水体氮磷的高光谱遥感估算

利用ASD地物光谱仪进行淀山湖水体的反射光谱测量,并结合同步表层水体采样的氮磷浓度数据,分析氮磷浓度和水体高光谱遥感反射率之间的相关关系,建立了单波段,一阶微分模型和波段比值等氮磷浓度估算模型.研究结果表明,一阶微分模型和波段比值模型可以有效地消除噪声,提高模型的估算精度.所建立的模型对于基于遥感技术进行水体氮磷的监测具有一定的参考价值.     

土壤粒径对土壤光谱特征的影响

通过野外田间采集土样与室内设置不同粒径土粒、室内光谱测定,研究了土壤粒径与土壤光谱特征的关系,结果表明：不同粒径土壤的平均光谱反射率不管是在全波段（392.53-1095.3nm）还是在分波段（392.53-760.35nm、761.72-1095.3nm）都随土壤粒径的减少反射率而增加,但增加的幅度有所不同;土壤粒径与土壤光谱反射率呈负相关关系,某些在原始光谱数据中比较隐晦的信息,经过微分变换的放大,其相关性有所提高;三种模型的预测结果均比较理想,反射率模型的平均相对误差为6.7%,预测精度为93.3%,RMSE=0.886,一阶微分模型的平均相对误差为15.0%,预测精度达到85.0%,RMSE=1.398,二阶微分模型的平均相对误差为9.2%,预测精度达到90.8%,RMSE=0.968。     

博斯腾湖西岸湖滨绿洲土壤含盐量高光谱估算

以博斯腾湖西岸湖滨绿洲土壤盐分及其对应的高光谱数据为研究对象,对原始光谱反射率(R)进行均方根(R)、对数(lg R)、倒数(1/R)、对数倒数(1/lg R)变换,引入分数阶微分对变换的光谱反射率进行0～2内的微分预处理,通过显著性检验优选特征波段,并利用特征波段进行偏最小二乘回归的建模和验证。结果表明:1)通过显著性检验较多的特征波段是:1/R为691个波段,比通过原始波段多226个波段;且随着阶数的增加,在各阶数中通过显著性检验的波段数量呈先增加后减少的趋势;通过数量较多的特征波段是1/R的0. 4阶和0. 6阶,分别为145、150;2)原始光谱反射率的相关性极大值绝对值是:2阶为0. 53,其他4种数学变换的相关性极大值绝对值比R高0. 11～0. 16,特征波段主要集中在600～1 000 nm和2 020～2 330 nm;3)在原始光谱反射率及其变换值的各分数阶微分利用偏最小二乘回归建模中,1/lgR的0. 2阶建立的模型为最佳模型,R_C~2=0. 78,RMSE_C=1. 56,R_V~2=0. 63,RMSE_V=1. 44。     

北碚447锦橙叶片农学参数与其反射光谱的相关性研究

以锦橙叶片为材料,采用野外光谱辐射仪测量叶片的光谱反射率,并对叶片进行水分、氮、钾、磷、叶绿素的含量测定,计算光谱反射率一阶微分、二阶微分.采用统计学相关分析法,分析叶片农学参数与反射光谱之间的相关关系.结果表明:农学参数中只有磷含量与叶片原始光谱反射率有显著性相关,且与反射率一阶微分、二阶微分的相关系数大于与原始光谱反射率的相关系数.所有测定的农学参数都与叶片光谱反射率一阶微分、二阶微分之间均有显著性相关,其中氮含量与反射率一阶微分、二阶微分相关性最强,相关系数绝对值达到0.9以上.这说明利用微分技术可以增强叶片农学参数与光谱信息的相关性,并为高光谱遥感定量估算锦橙农学参数提供理论依据.     

水体悬浮泥沙动态监测的遥感反演模型对比分析——以鄱阳湖为例

水体泥沙是进行水环境监测及研究与泥沙输移有关的侵蚀、沉积过程所带来的灾害问题的关键因素,实现悬浮泥沙遥感定量动态监测的关键在于建立合适的反演模型。采用实测光谱模拟TM/ETM 和MERIS数据,对比分析了单波段和波段比值遥感因子构建的5种常用的经验半经验模型。结果表明,以MERIS第7波段遥感反射率为遥感因子建立的对数模型最适宜鄱阳湖地区悬浮泥沙的动态监测。     

渤海浑浊水体GOCI影像神经网络大气校正研究

针对GOCI遥感数据的官方处理软件(GDPS(GOCI data processing system))中的标准大气校正算法在渤海近岸浑浊水体区域处理中存在的问题,以MODIS/Aqua数据NIR-SWIR波段联合大气校正处理所得的水色遥感反射率产品结果和GOCI的星上反射率数据为基础,基于神经网络模型进行浑浊水体GOCI影像的大气校正方法研究结果表明,神经网络方法能显著减少标准产品中大气校正失效区域,特别是在443、490、680、555、745nm波段改进效果非常明显;但412、660、865nm波段的紧邻近岸的浑浊水体部分区域存在遥感反射率空间分布不合理,这可能与MODIS对应波段产品本身的大气校正精度不高有关.由于缺乏对应的实测数据,后续验证工作还需要进一步开展.     

天山北坡野苹果混生植被花期冠层光谱特征研究

研究野苹果花期冠层反射率光谱特征,为提取野苹果的分布提供依据,以西天山国家级自然保护区为研究区,利用Field Spec3便携式地物波谱仪,对小檗、野苹果、野山楂、野杏的花期进行地面冠层光谱数据采集及分析.通过移动平均法对光谱数据进行平滑降噪,分析4种植物反射率特征;对可见光波段内进行差值分析和一阶导,得出4种植物可见光范围内的特征波段;最后对660~760 nm反射率做一阶导,探究4种植物的红边参数特征.结果表明:野杏先着花后展叶,因此花期冠层反射率光谱无明显绿峰;不同树种反射率光谱在可见光波段差异明显;4种植物的红边位置野杏野山楂小檗野苹果.植物花期光谱特征明显,有利于对植物信息进行遥感提取.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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