睡菜水提液对小鼠的急性毒性实验研究

目的：观察睡菜水提液对大鼠的急性毒性.方法：预实验：灌胃给予小鼠水提液剂量分别为2 455、1 841.25、1 380.94、1 035.70 g/L,观察给药当天及7 d内小鼠的状态,计算半数致死量(50%lethal dose, LD₅₀);最大耐受量实验：灌胃给予睡菜最大剂量2 455 g/L,观察给药后14 d内小鼠状态和死亡情况,给药14 d后检测小鼠的血液生化指标、计算主要脏器指数以及观察主要脏器病理学变化.结果：未能测出睡菜水提液的半数致死量.最大耐受量实验显示：给药后14 d内小鼠状态良好,无中毒反应或死亡情况.给药组小鼠第3、7、11、14 d体质量增长与空白组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);给药组小鼠血液生化指标、主要脏器指数与空白组无统计学差异(P>0.05);组织形态学、组织病理学检查未发现睡菜水提液对小鼠主要脏器产生病理改变.结论：睡菜水提液的最大无毒剂量大于2 455 g/L,是成人临床用药(15 g)的100.6倍,是安全的用药剂量范围.     

益贞颗粒急性毒性实验研究

以益贞颗粒对小鼠灌胃,观察小鼠死亡情况及相关指标的变化情况来评价其安全性.通过半数致死量实验分别以不同浓度的益贞颗粒对小鼠灌胃,观察7d未见小鼠死亡,无法测出半数致死量;进行最大耐受量实验,实验小鼠以益贞颗粒最大混悬浓度和可承受的最大体积1d内灌胃2次,连续观察14d,每天记录小鼠的一般状况、体质量、进食量和饮水量.14d后处死动物,观察并记录脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、睾丸/卵巢等主要脏器的病变情况,若肉眼可见病理变化则即刻进行组织病理学检查.结果表明,14d内小鼠活动正常,无1只小鼠死亡.益贞颗粒组实验小鼠的体质量、进食量和饮水量与空白对照比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);肉眼观察脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、睾丸/卵巢等主要脏器未发现有明显异常.实验小鼠灌胃益贞颗粒的量相当于成人临床日用量的93倍,说明益贞颗粒无明显毒性,临床常用量是安全可靠的.     

碳酸二甲酯腹腔注射染毒小鼠急性毒性实验研究

研究碳酸二甲酯腹腔注射染毒对小鼠急性毒性的影响.小鼠腹腔注射给予3 707.40、4 521.22、5 513.68、6 724.00、8 200.00 mg/kg碳酸二甲酯,给药后记录小鼠进食量、体重、心电图,计算半数致死量(LD_(50)).实验结束后,检测血液学、血液cTnI和生化指标,计算脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、卵巢、睾丸、附睾脏器系数,观察其病理组织学改变.研究发现小鼠LD_(50)为3 968.50 mg/kg,其进食量和体质量较同时间点的正常组均明显降低,P-R间期和QRS波延长,J点上移,心率加快;脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、睾丸、卵巢脏器系数明显升高,血液学、血生化指标出现异常变化,与正常组比较具有显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01);心、肝、胃、小肠、肾和卵巢、睾丸、附睾组织出现了严重受损.实验结果表明碳酸二甲酯腹腔注射染毒具有较强的毒性,可引起小鼠ECG异常、血液中cTnI水平、血液学和血生化指标异常改变,可导致心、肝、胃、小肠、肾和卵巢、睾丸、附睾出现病变.本实验为乙二醇合成过程中产生碳酸二甲酯副产物的职业危害防治提供实验依据.     

小熊猫源大肠杆菌病的病理诊断与病原鉴定

大肠埃希氏菌的致病性血清型菌株可引起幼龄动物严重的腹泻与败血症。采用常规病理学方法,剖检死亡小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)并取肠道和实质器官做组织学观察,发现其病变特征为坏死性肠炎及败血症。从肝、脾、肾中无菌分离培养出致病菌,经革兰氏染色及16S rDNA测序鉴定为大肠杆菌。经小鼠毒力实验测得该菌半数致死量LD_(50)为6. 5×10~7CFU,并且从攻毒小鼠脏器分离得到了相同的大肠杆菌。结论:该小熊猫致死原因为致病性大肠杆菌感染。     

微毛诃子树皮醇提取液半数致死量的测定及对肠肌的作用

目的:研究微毛诃子树皮醇提取液对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)以及在体肠肌的影响,并且观察其对豚鼠离体肠肌的影响。方法:按Bliss法设计实验,对小鼠灌胃给药,观察5 d内小鼠的毒性反应和死亡情况,以小鼠急性死亡率为指标,测定微毛诃子提取液对小鼠的LD50;采用炭末推进实验观察药物对在体肠肌的影响;以豚鼠离体肠肌收缩幅度、张力为指标,采用离体标本运动实验法观察微毛诃子树皮醇提液对豚鼠离体肠肌的影响及其作用机制。结果:微毛诃子树皮提取液小鼠灌胃给药的LD50为5.69 g/kg,LD50的95%的可信限为4.60~7.05 g/kg;微毛诃子树皮的醇提液对小鼠在体肠肌和豚鼠离体肠肌都具有明显的舒张作用,且组胺对微毛诃子树皮的醇提液的抑制作用具有拮抗作用。结论:微毛诃子树皮的醇提取液具有一定的毒性,同时微毛诃子树皮醇提液能在一定程度上抑制肠肌的收缩,且作用机制可能与阻断组织胺受体有关。     

枸杞醋镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的探讨枸杞醋的镇静催眠作用,为开发具有辅助改善睡眠功能的保健食品提供依据.方法将雄性ICR小鼠随机分成5组,即空白对照组(灌胃蒸馏水)、地西泮组(灌胃地西泮)、枸杞醋低剂量组(灌胃枸杞醋25%)、枸杞醋中剂量组(灌胃枸杞醋50%)、枸杞醋高剂量组(灌胃枸杞醋100%),各组小鼠灌胃1次/d,连续7 d后进行行为学实验.自主活动仪观察枸杞醋对小鼠活动及站立次数的影响;阈下/阈剂量戊巴比妥协同睡眠实验观察枸杞醋对小鼠睡眠只数、睡眠潜伏期及睡眠时间的影响;采用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked Immunodef Ic ient assay,ELISA)检测小鼠脑组织中γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyricac Id,GABA)和谷氨酸(Gluteus,GLU)含量.结果与空白组比较,枸杞醋50%,100%剂量组小鼠自主活动次数及站立次数明显减少(P0.01,P0.05);枸杞醋各剂量组小鼠睡眠只数明显增加,枸杞醋100%剂量组睡眠潜伏期被明显缩短(P0.05),睡眠时间明显延长;枸杞醋50%,100%剂量组小鼠脑内GABA含量明显升高,GLU含量明显降低,GABA/GLU比值明显增加(P0.05,P0.01).结论枸杞醋在实验中对小鼠具有镇静催眠的作用,其机制可能与其调节脑组织中GABA及GLU含量有关.     

小儿康冲剂的急性及长期毒性研究

为观察小鼠和大鼠灌服小儿康冲剂所产生的毒性反应 ,以确定临床用药的安全性 ,按《中药新药研究指南》的毒性试验要求对其进行了研究 .结果表明 :小儿康冲剂急性毒性实验以灌胃和腹腔注射给药的半数致死量 (LD50 )分别为 2 0 .4 9g·kg- 1和 9.78g·kg- 1;大鼠长期毒性实验灌胃给药分别为 12g·kg- 1、6g·kg- 1和 3g·kg- 1,连续 6周 ,各组动物无死亡 ,动物一般症状、体重增长、血液学、血液生化学、各脏器指数与对照组比较无显著差异 ,脏器病理组织检查试验期和恢复期未见明显病变 .提示小儿康冲剂临床口服用药毒性小     

用鲩鱼胆汁复制多器官功能衰竭动物模型

本实验观察新鲜鲩鱼胆汁灌胃对狗、大鼠、小鼠的肺、肝、肾功能及形志学改变的影响,新鲜鲩鱼胆汁可引起 PaO_2明显降低、PaCO_2、BUN 及 SGPT 明显升高,病理形态学检查,显示肺水肿、灶性肺炎、肝细胞及肾小管上皮细胞脂肪变性、浊肿、坏死.实验结果表明:新鲜鲩鱼胆汁可引起急性肺、肝、肾功能衰竭.与临床 MOF 表现相符,即复制出 MOF 动物模型.本实验模型在国内外为首次报道.     

杞芪灵芝多糖的毒性

采用霍恩氏法研究杞芪灵芝多糖的急性毒性,采用骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠精子畸形实验和Ames实验研究杞芪灵芝多糖的遗传毒性.实验结果表明:杞芪灵芝多糖经灌胃给药,其半数致死量为LD50 ＞21 500 mg/kg,基本无毒;在骨髓细胞微核实验中,微核出现率与阴性对照组相比,无显著性差异;精子畸形实验中,精子畸形率也无显著性...     

草鱼实验性镉中毒的骨骼病理学研究

200尾(10 8±1 2)g的草鱼分为4组,每组50条。实验各组水中镉含量分别为:1 10LC50组80μg·L-1,1 50LC50组16μg·L-1,1 100LC50组8μg·L-1,对照组为<1μg·L-1,实验期120d。研究内容为草鱼镉中毒的骨骼病理学变化。结果表明:①草鱼镉中毒的24hLC50为800μg L;②各组草鱼的死亡率分别是64%,24%,20%,4%;③实验各组草鱼脊椎骨镉含量(湿质量)较对照组极显著升高(P<0 01),脊椎骨中钙含量(湿质量)较对照组显著减少(P<0 05);④实验各组草鱼血浆中碱性磷酸酶较对照组明显地升高、血清中钙、磷、镁含量较对照组显著减少(P<0 05);⑤骨骼病理学变化主要为:1 10LC50组、1 50LC50组、1 100LC50组草鱼75%、36%、36%出现脊椎弯曲、鳃丝塌陷且骨化不全。透射电镜下,增生的成骨细胞胞体短而粗,细胞质丰富,其中有清楚的细胞器。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with