柱坐标系下修正弹性应力波理论及数值分析

指出了传统的波动理论存在的一些局限性和不足。给出了修正弹性应力波理论的建立推导过程。完成了波动方程从张量状态到柱坐标系下的转换过程,得到了柱坐标系下的波动方程。建立了波动变量在加载面上与载荷及速度的关系,应力波在自由面上发生反射时边界条件对波动变量的影响。通过使用Matlab编程计算了应力波在几何模型为z方向无限长的空心圆柱结构中的传播过程以及应力波在遇到边界时的反射情况。计算结果显示了应力波随时间在结构中的传播方式,应力波在加载面上会产生2个波,即体积波和形变波,遇到边界后会反射出2个波。同时体积波和形变波的第一部分复合在一起形成一个复合脉冲以相同的波速运动。     

Cokelet理论在波流计算中的应用

应用Ｃｏｋｅｌｅｔ方法，计算了波流共同作用下的极限波高和波浪的相对角频率． 计算表明：当水深不是太浅时．计算结果与Ｄａｌｒｙｍｐｌｅ计算的极限波高，以及线 性波理论计算的相对角频率是十分接近的；而当水深很浅时则有一定的出入。     

Simulation of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation based on the parameterization of continuously spectral gravity waves

On the basis of previous parameterization schemes, considering both the wave breaking and absorbed at critical level, a parameterization with a continuous spectrum of gravity waves is realized by introducing a momentum flux density function for the wave spectrum, and then the parameterization scheme of the gravity waves is improved. Choosing parameter values of the background atmosphere and waves based on the observations, a more realistic equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) driven by the incorporated drag from the planetary and gravity waves can be simulated. The numerical results indicate that the forcing magnitude of the planetary and gravity waves varies with the wind field, and in some phases of the QBO, the contribution of the gravity waves is comparable with that of the planetary waves. After the QBO is steadily formed, its amplitude and period and wind configuration are relevant to the effect of vertical diffusion and the momentum flux distribution with spectrum, however, independent of the initial background wind field. Moreover, for any given nonzero initial background wind, a steady QBO can be finally generated due to the incorporated drag from the planetary and gravity waves. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40731055 and 40774085), the Innovative Research Team Project, Ministry of Education, the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP07315), the China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY200706013) and the Open Programs of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education     

应用TVD有限体积格式模拟枪弹绕流

为了探讨弹丸底部流动规律，该文采用ＷａｎｇＪ．Ｃ．Ｔ的二阶ＴＶＤ有限体积格式求解Ｎａｗｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程进行枪弹绕流模拟。文中模拟了来流马赫数３和５的枪弹绕流，得到满意的波系结构，计算结果表明底部阻力系随马赫数的关系与实现结果符合良好，该方法除计算精度高，激波分辨率高和数值稳定等优点外，对边界处理比较灵活，对网格的生成质量和初场布置要求不高。     

On the parameterization scheme of gravity wave drag effect on the mean zonal flow of mesosphere

Based on McFarlane抯 parameterization scheme of gravity wave drag, a refined gravity-wave-drag scheme is presented. Both the drag effect of the momentum flux and the dissipation effect of gravity wave breaking on the mean zonal flow are included in the refined parameterization scheme. The dissipation effect can be formulated with the gravity wave numbers and the mean quantities. The refined parameterization scheme may represent a complete drag effect of stationary gravity wave breaking on the mean zonal flow.     

P波作用下地下输流管道的动力响应分析

采用复变函数法研究了地下输流管道在平面P波作用下的动应力集中问题.建立了地下输流管道的流固耦联波函数,求解了地下输流管道在地震波作用下的波函数动力学方程.研究表明:流体作用对管道内的径向动应力集中分布的影响较大;无量纲的空间频率显示,在低频P波作用下,管内流体所产生的径向动应力集中沿管周呈均匀分布,当空间频率加大时,管道内流体震荡增强,影响了管道的应力分布形态;低频域下管道的环向动应力集中峰值点较多,随着入射波空间频率的增加,应力集中程度呈衰减趋势.     

波流环境下双孔浮射流运动特性

利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对波流环境下双孔浮射流的速度场进行测量,对不同组次的相位平均速度场、时均速度场进行定性描述;通过引入考虑横流、波浪、浮力影响的综合特征长度l_(mb),给出了轴线垂向速度衰减过程分区的定量结果。研究表明,波流作用下会产生污染物云团现象,加快双孔射流速度衰减;波浪的作用能够减弱孔间相互影响;浮力的作用能够减小射流体偏转角度和侧向展宽;无量纲的轴线垂向速度变化可以分为近区(z/l_(mb)3)、过渡区(3z/l_(mb)6)、远区(z/l_(mb)6)3个区段。     

基于频谱分析的织物粗糙感

传统研究一般通过测试织物表面的几何粗糙度和摩擦性能来预测粗糙感,而认知科学家发现,栅栏粗糙性的辨别取决于表面纹理波动曲线的谐波成分及纹理间距.为深入揭示织物粗糙感的形成机制,基于织物的表面形貌曲线,计算平均粗糙度,统计不同波动高度下的纹理间距,并采用傅里叶方法提取频域内谐波特征,比较分析这些特征值与粗糙感之间的关系.研究表明,织物的粗糙感差异取决于表面波动曲线频域内谐波的最高峰高度,而粗糙感不仅与平均粗糙度有关,也与表面纹理间距有关.     

Phase difference and interference between reflected cylindrical wave and head wave at a liquid/solid interface

The reflected field of pulsed cylindrical waves from a liquid-solid interface is studied by the numerical method and the experimental method. The reflected field is calculated and shown in gray pictures. The calculated incident angles θ _n (n=1, 2, 3,…) of a series of minimums (or nulls) on the reflected wavefront are presented. The measured angle of the minimum from Schlieren photograph is consistent with that by calculation. The appearance of minimums is explained by the interference between the reflected wave and the head wave, and by the radiated dissipation of the head wave. The leading phase angle of the head wave to the reflected wave is proved to be about 3π/4 by the numerical calculation.     

Semirigid vibrating rotor target model for atompolyatom reactions: Application to F+CH4→CH3+HF

1 Introduction The reaction of fluorine atom with methane F CH4 →HF CH3 has been the subject of extensive experi- mental and theoretical studies. The importance of the title reaction in atmosphere and combustion chemistry deserves more studies. The title…     

铁路隧道横洞进主洞关键技术及施工方案优化

以全长922 m某隧道2号横洞为例,首先运用地质调查法、地震反射波法(TSP)、电磁波法(雷达)、超前钻探法等综合超前地质预报技术手段;对横洞进正洞交叉口段围岩情况进行预判与辨识。基于横洞进主洞原设计方案,对交叉口段初期支护受力进行建模和计算;并结合计算结果对支护方案进行了优化;通过对交叉口段围岩收敛变形监测数据分析,证明优化后方案可以满足对施工安全、施工质量以及硐室围岩变形控制的要求,确保了横洞进主洞施工的顺利实施,对类似地质条件下辅助硐室进主洞室的施工技术应用具有重要借鉴意义。     

泡沫陶瓷材料及其微观结构参数对多孔介质燃烧特性的影响

基于Kelvin模型,建立了泡沫陶瓷多孔介质的微观结构参数(孔筋长度、孔筋半径、微立方体节点边长)与其孔隙率、导热系数等宏观特性参数的关系式;利用FLUENT软件,就材质种类及其微观结构参数对双层多孔介质燃烧器内甲烷/空气预混燃烧性能的影响进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在入口速度为60cm/s、当量比为0.6的条件下,燃烧区材质为SiC时,气、固相温度最高,稳定操作范围以SiC、ZrO2、Al2O3的顺序依次降低;无量纲参数d(微立方体节点边长与孔筋长度之比)的增加会降低气、固相温度且会改变火焰面驻定的位置,而e(孔筋半径与孔筋长度之比)的改变对气、固相温度分布影响不大。因此,在实际燃烧器多孔材料选型中,应优先考虑微观结构中微立方体节点边长和孔筋长度的合理选择。     

PP波和PS波联合反演研究进展

 随多波多分量地震勘探的发展,PP波和PS波联合反演方法研究在近年取得了一定进展。PS波是S波的一种,无法在流体中传播,因此对岩石组构的内部构造更为敏感。联合使用PP波和PS波数据,可以提高从多波地震数据中推导弹性阻抗和岩石性质参数的能力,减少地震反演中的不确定性。本文综述近年PP波和PS波联合反演方法的发展。简述了PP波和PS波联合反演的基本理论,所有的联合反演方法都是基于PP波和PS波反射系数的Aki-Richards近似公式。其次,常用联合反演方法的算法及其反演结果参数。因为使用了相互独立的PP波和PS波数据,联合反演方法的算法比单独的PP波反演更为稳定。展望了PP波和PS波联合反演方法的发展趋势。     

Interaction of aerodynamic roughness length and windflow conditions and its parameterization over vegetation surface

Surface aerodynamic roughness length is usually taken as a constant. In fact, it displays a remarkable dynamic change over underlying vegetation surfaces, because of the coupling of land surface roughness elements and windflow conditions. Current international research on this dynamic change and associated mechanisms is very limited. Using observations from different underlying surfaces (including forest, farmland and grassland) provided by a northern China coordinated observation test, the variation of aerodynamic roughness length, along with wind speed and friction velocity, is analyzed. We introduce two relationship fits, between aerodynamic roughness length and wind speed u, and dynamic variable u2/u*. Results show that aerodynamic roughness length has a clear dynamic change, and has complicated interactions with near-surface windflow. Further, the relationship fits between aerodynamic roughness length, u and u2/u*, are not only related to the roughness properties of the underlying vegetation surface (e.g. plant height), but also to plant dynamic response characteristics (e.g. flexibility). Aerodynamic roughness length decreases with increasing wind speed, because near-surface windflow conditions can change both plant roughness properties and airflow. However, the change of aerodynamic roughness length with friction velocity is complicated, and its sensitivities and transition points significantly depend on vegetation type. For underlying surfaces of forest and corn, with relatively substantial vegetative cover, roughness length correlates well with wind speed. For a surface with short vegetative cover, like natural lawn, the correlation is low. However, for all of the three vegetative surfaces, there is a close relation between roughness length and u2/u*, and their coefficients of fit from testing essentially represent the plant height and flexibility of different vegetation types. The test results also indicate that the parameterized relationships of roughness length over the underlying vegetation surface hold prospects for application.     

小波分析在轴承故障诊断中的应用

分析了小波的频率分解特性及信号分解后的频率分布范围,并将小波变换与功率谱分析相结合,利用小波将检测到的轴承正常信号和故障信号分解到各个频段,通过比较分解出正常信号与噪声信号的功率谱,分析轴承故障原因,得出故障模式。     

激光衍射法测量低频液体表面波的参量

实验中实现了液体表面波光栅的光衍射,得到了稳定、清晰的衍射图样。改变表面波振幅,发现了各级衍射条纹的强度变化。理论上分析了表面波的光衍射效应,得到了衍射光强度和表面波振幅以及条纹的空间分布和表面波波长的关系。提出了测量液体的表面张力系数、表面波振幅、波长及波速等表面波参量的方法。该方法具有实时、无损和简单实用的特点。     

Detecting the breakup of spiral waves in small-world networks of neurons due to channel block

The breakup of a spiral wave by blockade of sodium and potassium channels in a small-world network of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons is investigated in detail.The influence of ion channel block in poisoned excitable membrane patches of a certain size is measured,by varying channel noise and channel densities resulting from the change in conductance,For example,tetraethylammonium is known to cause a block(poisoning) of potassium channels,while tetrodotoxin blocks sodium channels.We observed the occurrence of spiral waves,which are ordered waves believed to play an important role in facilitating the propagation of electric signals across quiescent regions of the brain.In this paper,the effect of channel block was measured by the factors xK and xNa,which represent the ratios of unblocked,or active,ion channels,to the overall number of potassium or sodium ion channels,respectively.To quantify these observations,we use a simple but robust synchronization measure,which succinctly captures the transition from spiral waves to other collective states,such as broken segments resulting from the breakup of the spiral wave.The critical thresholds of channel block can be inferred from the abrupt changes occurring in plots of the synchronization measure against different values of xK and xNa.Notably,small synchronization factors can be tightly associated with states where the formation of spiral waves is robust to mild channel block.     

等熵相对论Euler方程组非线性波的性质

讨论了等熵相对论欧拉方程组黎曼问题解的几何性质,在相互作用条件下,分析了作用前后非线性波的关系,得到了等熵相对论Euler方程组柯西问题非线性波的性质,并通过激波曲线参数化,得到了非线性波的几何性质.     

水力压裂参数优化的解析方法

提出一种在支撑剂注入量受限的情况下(如海上油田的水力压裂),以无因次生产指数最大化为目标的水力压裂裂缝参数优化的解析方法。建立无因次生产指数、无因次裂缝导流能力和裂缝长度三者之间的解析关系式,用来确定最大无因次生产指数及其所对应的最佳裂缝长度。所提方法计算简单、方便、快捷。实例计算结果表明,在注入支撑剂质量和地层条件一定的情况下,水力压裂所形成的裂缝存在唯一的裂缝长度和宽度组合,使得无因次生产指数具有最大值。     

Experiments on ring wave packet generated by water drop

The propagation of ring wave packet （composed of carrier waves modulated by an envelope） generated by a water drop was studied experimentally. It is a localized wave packet propagating with constant velocity and low diffusion. The wavelength, the amplitude and the waveform of the carrier waves, the velocity of the carrier waves and the packet have been measured. The measured wavelength λa of the carrier waves and the measured group velocity Cge of the packet are near the minimum point of the dispersion curve of group velocity, which may be the main reason why the packet can propagate with low diffusion.