高炉风口回旋区断面温度场数值化研究与应用

对风口回旋区内煤粉燃烧火焰断面温度场分布进行数值化研究,有助于诊断高炉风口回旋区煤粉的燃烧状态和了解炉缸的工作状况,同时可以指导改进氧煤燃烧器,改善氧煤燃烧工艺和高炉喷煤操作.采用非接触辐射测温理论和技术,建立了高炉风口回旋区断面图像的二基色(RG)信息与温度间的关系模型,进行了二维平面投影火焰温度场测量,并绘制了回旋区断面温度场等高线.试验结果表明:这种测温技术可行,与抽气式热电偶测量结果相比,准确度达98.09%.     

高炉风口煤粉及回旋区焦炭燃烧过程数学模型

通过对高炉风口粉煤燃烧及回旋区焦炭燃烧过程中高炉工作环境的探讨,得出数值模拟的方法在喷煤高炉风口煤粉及回旋区焦炭燃烧研究中的必要性,回顾了前人应用数值模拟的实验方法在此方面的研究,总结出了煤粉喷吹过程气-粒两相湍流流动数学模型;煤粉挥发分热解及辐射传热数学模型;回旋区焦炭颗粒燃烧能量方程,最后提出了基于CCD技术的数值模拟边界条件设定的新构想.     

高炉风口回旋区工作状态监控技术的研究现状

在高炉生产过程中,只有从风口窥视孔可以直接观察高炉内的情况,操作者十分关注高炉风口区的工作状况,并将其作为判断和控制高炉操作的重要依据之一.风口前的监测可以获得喷煤高炉在风口处煤粉输送情况,还可以根据风口亮度与煤粉燃烧数值模拟结合,研判煤粉在风口回旋区的燃烧状况及温度分布等.简述了国内外在高炉风口回旋区温度检测、工作状态的监控技术的研究现状,提出利用数字图像处理技术与数值模拟结合,解决高炉风口回旋区工作状况监测和控制的思考.     

基于CCD的高炉风口回旋区三维温度场的检测技术

在存在多介质的高炉回旋区内,首先利用安装在风口直吹管窥视孔的电荷耦合器件( charged couple device, CCD)摄像机可以获得高炉回旋区内累积的二维温度辐射图像,然后将高炉回旋区均分成若干小块,利用数学模型近似模拟回旋区内的辐射传热过程并建立矩阵方程,通过求解方程获得高炉回旋区内的三维温度场。在模拟辐射传热过程中,本文提出了一种更有效也更符合实际生产的新方法———基于距离的高斯函数模型来模拟高炉内介质的辐射能量传播过程并获得了较好的三维温度场。由于存在波动误差以及电荷耦合器件摄像机测量误差等,所以我们通过在测量数据中添加随机误差来验证重构温度场的有效性以及稳定性。结果显示重构的三维温度场与真实温度场非常接近,误差在高炉工业允许的5%范围以内。     

高炉三维气固湍流和煤粉燃烧过程数值模拟

基于欧拉气相方程组、欧拉颗粒连续方程和动量方程以及拉氏颗粒能量和质量变化方程,建立并发展了高炉风口回旋区湍流气固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的三维数学模型.用所建模型分别对冷态模型内气固两相流动和某企业750 m3高炉风口回旋区内的气固两相三维流动与煤粉燃烧进行了数值模拟.采用三维激光相位多普勒分析仪(PDA)对冷态模型内气固两相流场进行了测量,实验结果与冷态两相流动的模拟结果基本一致.热态模拟结果给出了气相温度和组分浓度分布,模拟结果与实验测量结果较吻合,揭示了风口回旋区内气固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的基本性质和特点.     

高炉直吹管和回旋区煤粉燃烧数学模型

根据高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧特点，对直吹管和风口回旋区分段模拟，以直吹管模拟结果作为回旋区输入。回旋区数学模型在直吹管数学模型的基础上进行修正，为简化计算模型，用附加力修正焦炭回旋运动对气流产生的影响，回旋区焦炭燃烧量和回旋区大小根据经验公式确定，对直吹管和回旋区采用分段模拟，更加接近高炉实际情况，有利于提高数值模拟的准确性。     

高炉直吹管和回旋区煤粉燃烧数学模型

根据高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧特点,对直吹管和风口回旋区分段模拟,以直吹管模拟结果作为回旋区输入.回旋区数学模型在直吹管数学模型的基础上进行修正,为简化计算模型,用附加力修正焦炭回旋运动对气流产生的影响,回旋区焦炭燃烧量和回旋区大小根据经验公式确定.对直吹管和回旋区采用分段模拟,更加接近高炉实际情况,有利于提高数值模拟的准确性.     

高炉回旋区燃烧火焰三维温度场重构

建立了煤粉及焦炭燃烧火焰光束在回旋区内部的传输过程模型,提出了基于直吹管窥视孔方向CCD靶面热流分布的辐射传热方程(RTE)的蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)求解方法,分析影响回旋区三维温度场重建的辐射传递因子的影响因素.以及回旋区不同焦炭粒子浓度下回旋区的三维温度场重构问题,为实现回旋区工况的在线监测诊断提供了有效手段.     

富氧喷煤燃烧过程的三维数值模拟

采用数学模型预测高炉富氧喷吹煤粉的燃烧过程,数学模型包括气相流动,煤粉挥发分的热解和燃烧,残炭的燃烧,辐射传热和固体颗粒相的运动等子模型,模拟结果表明,单筒煤枪和热风混合效果不好,不利于煤粉燃烧,由于直吹管和风口空间小,因而富氧对煤粉燃烧率影响不大;富氧可提高风口端部平均氧含量,有利于煤粉在回旋区内燃烧。     

富氧喷煤燃烧过程的三维数值模拟

采用数学模型预测高炉富氧喷吹煤粉的燃烧过程,数学模型包括气相流动、煤粉挥发分的热解和燃烧、残炭的燃烧、辐射传热和固体颗粒相的运动等子模型．模拟结果表明,单筒煤枪和热风混合效果不好,不利于煤粉燃烧;由于直吹管和风口空间小,因而富氧对煤粉燃烧率影响不大;富氧可提高风口端部平均氧含量,有利于煤粉在回旋区内燃烧．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to