油菜秸秆比例对好氧堆肥过程及产品特性的影响

采用堆肥工艺将农作物秸秆转化为有机肥还田是秸秆资源化利用的有效手段.本研究以油菜秸秆为主要原料,按不同比例同辅料混合(三组实验R1、R2和R3中的油菜秸秆比例(湿重)分别为45%、65%和85%),研究了油菜秸秆比例对高温好氧堆肥过程及产品特性的影响.结果表明,在72d的堆肥过程中,R1、R2和R3的有机物降解主要发生在堆肥过程前期,堆肥结束时分别达到34.06%、35.57%和39.78%.通过比较三组实验过程中样品的理化性质,可知R3最终样品满足了堆肥腐熟的各项指标,且堆肥过程中氮损失最少;其最终堆肥产品中未检测出NH_4~+,总N含量、NO_3~-浓度和GI值分别达到2.17%、1,844.93mg·kg~(-1)干重和102.66%.     

新萃取剂N,N′-不对称烷基酰胺的合成及表征

利用NaBH4还原法制得了N—甲基辛胺和N—甲基癸胺，打破了酰胺还原制胺只能用LiAlH4强还原剂的传统观念。在此基础上又合成了两类新型不对称烷基酰胺类萃取剂R3CONR1R2和R1R2N(CH2)nCONR1R2，并进行了提纯，产品收率在50％～80％之间；利用红外光谱、元素分析等对产品进行表征；对它们的萃取性能进行了初步探讨。结果表明不对称烷基酰胺的萃取性能比对称酰胺有很大的提高，具有良好的应用前景。     

转GNA+SBTi双价基因抗虫水稻的遗传分析及抗虫性研究

研究了转GNA SBTi双价基因籼稻的遗传规律及对褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的抗虫实验。分子检测结果表明：外源基因在R2代株系中发生了分离，部分株系分离符合3：1或15：1的盂德尔遗传规律，但也有分离比为1：1及其它不正常分离的株系存在。对这些株系的特别追踪发现这几种分离式样在R3代中出现交叉，对R2和R3代转基因植株进行抗虫实验，结果表明分别有83.3%和76.9%的株系对褐飞虱的抗性较原种对照均有了显的提高，78.6%的R2代株系对稻纵卷叶螟的抗性比原种对照的抗性强，且大部分R3代株系继续保持良好的抗稻纵卷叶螟的性质，获得了9个分子检测阳性率高且对褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟抗性增强的水稻株系。     

PR状态方程+基团贡献模型预测CO2+HFC二元混合物的气液相平衡性质(英文)

由于良好的性能和环保性，CO₂+HFC二元混合物被认为是冷电联合循环系统中良好的替代工作流体。气液相平衡特性是计算混合物焓和熵的关键，这冷电联合循环系统的热力学分析至关重要。为了准确预测CO₂和HFC (R23,R32,R41,R125,R134a,R143a,R152a,R161,R227ea)二元混合物的气液平衡性质，本文建立了基于吉布斯自由能混合规则的群贡献模型(PR+MHV1+UNIFAC和PR+LCVM+UNIFAC)。通过CO₂和HFC制冷剂的气液相平衡实验获得了-CO₂、-烷烃、-CHF和-CHF3等基团之间的相互作用参数，这些基团参数对于预测其气液相平衡性质(压力和气相摩尔分数)至关重要。PR+LCVM+UNIFAC模型计算的AARDp值为5.53%,AADy1值为0.0132,PR+MHV1+UNIFAC模型的AARDp值和AADy1值分别为7.40%和0.0229。然而，对于CO₂+R32系统，PR+MHV+UNIFAC预测模型的预测精度较高，AARDp和A...     

基于高通量测序技术研究环境微生物群落结构特征

采用高通量测序技术对序批式反应器(R1、R2处理)中微生物群落结构的演变及多样性进行分析，同时对细菌群落与人工模拟番茄酱废水水质相关性进行分析，对微生物酶进行预测。结果表明：微生物菌群在门、纲和属水平上存在显著差异，其中门类水平上，Proteobacteria(变形菌门)和Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)为优势菌门；纲水平上，Betaproteobacteria(β-变形菌纲)、Alphaproteobacteria(α-变形杆菌纲)和Bacteroidia(拟杆菌纲)为优势菌纲；属水平上，Zoogloea(动胶菌属)和Flavobacterium(黄杆菌属)为优势菌属。在颗粒形成初期至稳定期，R1、R2中Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Betaproteobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria、Bacteroidia、Zoogloea和Flavobacterium丰度变化分别为1.75%、-7.20%、35.49%、0.12%、-15.23%、-3.11%和-5.23%;1.78%、-2.00%、33.11%、-0.54%、-14.8...     

硫酸盐对粘红酵母X-20富硒能力的调控研究

为了探究硫酸盐对粘红酵母X-20(Rhodotorula glutinis X-20)富硒的影响，在恒定浓度亚硒酸钠和梯度浓度硫酸钠条件下培养R.glutinis X-20,研究硫酸盐对R.glutinis X-20生物量、总硒及硒纳米颗粒的影响，并使用RT-qPCR初步探索了硫酸盐调节R.glutinis X-20富硒的分子机制。研究发现，硫酸钠的添加使菌株的生物量提高了48.5%,总硒及硒纳米颗粒含量分别降低了36.7%和48.8%。RT-qPCR分析显示硫酸盐会抑制硒代谢关键基因CTH、metE、metB的表达，造成硫酸盐存在条件下总硒及硒纳米颗粒含量下降。硫酸盐的添加提高了R.glutinis X-20在亚硒酸钠环境中的生物量，这对富硒酵母产品的大规模生产具有重要意义。同时，RT-qPCR的结果也为R.glutinis X-20在分子生物学上的优化指明了方向。     

连续投加微生物絮凝剂促进厌氧污泥的颗粒化

将升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器在(35±1)℃下运行102天处理低浓度废水,研究微生物絮凝剂对厌氧污泥颗粒化的影响.结果表明:投加微生物絮凝剂或阳离子PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)对厌氧污泥颗粒化具有促进作用;连续投加微生物絮凝剂的反应器1(R1)运行43天后,容积负荷达3.8 g/(L.d)(以单位容积反应器每天的化学需氧量负荷计),而投加阳离子PAM的反应器2(R2)和对照反应器3(R3)达到同样的容积负荷分别需要44和98天;R1中的颗粒污泥在沉降性能和产甲烷活性方面优于R2中的颗粒污泥;实验结束时,R1,R2和R3的COD去除率分别为94.5%,91.7%和84.0%.     

小型冷藏装置中制冷剂的最佳选择

本文对小型冷藏装置采用不同制冷剂(R12、R22、R502)进行了技术经济分析．根据理论计算和产品性能试验的数据统计分析，表明在采用自然对流式蒸发器时，小型冷藏装置的制冷剂以R12为佳。     

给定行和列和的（0，1，2）—矩阵

设U2(R,S)是所有具有指定行和向量R与列和向量S的（0，1，2）－矩阵组成的集合，给出U2（R，S）中存在不可约矩阵的2个必要条件，得到了U2（R，S）的一些性质。     

鲜桃乳饮料生产工艺稳定性的研究

研究以牛奶和桃汁为主要原料加工制成的鲜桃乳饮料。通过实验,采用四因素三水平正交实验设计,选择合适的产品配方,对产品的色泽、风味、口感进行感官评价,试验结果采用直观分析,计算各因素的R和k,比较其大小,得出结论：影响产品品质的主要因素是牛奶的添加量,其次是稳定剂和白砂糖,果汁为最次因素。最佳工艺配方为：牛奶60%,鲜奶与脱脂奶混合比例1：2,桃汁20%,白砂糖8%,复合稳定剂0.5%,耐酸性CMC和瓜尔豆胶混合比例2：1,柠檬酸0.3%,适量的香精（均为质量分数）。制备出的产品风味浓郁,爽口滑润,营养丰富,酸甜适口。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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