永磁材料R_(1-δ)(2T)_δT_5型化合物[(R=稀土元素,T=Fe,Co,Ti,V,等过渡金属元素),(δ=2/5,1/2)]的结构和磁性

总结了稀土金属（Ｒ）与过渡金属（Ｔ）化合物ＲＴ５型系列衍生物中Ｒ３（Ｆｅ,Ｍ）２９和Ｒ（Ｆｅ,Ｍ）１２的结构和内禀磁性,以及它们之间的关系．阐述了稳定元素（Ｍ）和嵌入轻原子（Ｎ,Ｃ,Ｈ）对其结构和内禀磁性的影响。     

Syntheses, crystal structure and magnetic properties of Rm+nCo5m+3nB2n

The phase relations at the 600℃ and 700℃ isothermal sections of the ternary systems R-Co-B for R= Nd, Pr and R = Sm, Gd respectively were summarized in this paper. For Rm+ n Co5m+3n B2n, two new types ofcompounds R3Co13B2(R=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Y) (m=2, n=1) andR5Co19B6(R=Pr, Nd) (m=2,n = 3 ) were synthesized by utilizing the principle of structural combination. Their crystalstructures and easymagnetization direction were determined by X-ray powder diffraction, and structures were refined by the Rietveldmethod. The Curie temperature Tc, saturation magnetization M8 and anisotropic field HA of the new compounds weremeasured using a vibrating-sample magnetometer, an extraction sample magnetometer and M(H) - H curves of samplesin different magnetization directions respectively. The Tc and Ms of Rm + n Co5 m + 3 n B2n increase with increasing values of mat a given n value. HA increases with an increase in n when m is kept invariable. The effects of the substitution of Ni for Co on the magnetic properties of Nd13 Co15- x Nix B2 were also investigated. It was found that TsR decreased monotonously as the concentration of Ni increased, and at x = 3 the easy magnetization direction becomes axial at room temperature. The relations between crystal structure and magnetic properties of Rm + nCo5m+ 3nB2n and the possible routes of synthesizing permanent magnetic materials are also discussed.     

稀土Fe基3：29和1：12型化合物的磁性研究

稀土Fe基3：29和1：12型磁性合金化合物显示硬磁性特征,具有发展成为新型永磁材料的可能性.研究其磁性机理有助于理解其磁性的本质.本文发展了传统的磁价模型,并将其适用性由强磁合金拓展到亚铁磁性的弱磁性合金.利用发展的磁价模型系统研究RFe12xMx,R3Fe29xMx和R2Fe17xMx（R=稀土元素,M=第三掺杂金属元素）稀土合金化合物及其渗碳和吸氮化合物的磁性.理论与实验相符.研究表明：稀土Fe基3：29和1：12型合金化合物的磁性与稀土磁矩相关.合金的弱磁性源于合金内部存在的亚铁磁性.渗碳或吸氮处理,导致合金内部亚铁性-铁磁性转变.导带中的sp电子对于磁性的贡献与重稀土的极化、碳和氮原子的俘获密切相关.发展的磁价模型甚至可以根据稀土化合物的结构式对其磁性进行预测.     

Giant magneto-elastic coupling in multiferroic hexagonal manganites

The motion of atoms in a solid always responds to cooling or heating in a way that is consistent with the symmetry of the given space group of the solid to which they belong. When the atoms move, the electronic structure of the solid changes, leading to different physical properties. Therefore, the determination of where atoms are and what atoms do is a cornerstone of modern solid-state physics. However, experimental observations of atomic displacements measured as a function of temperature are very rare, because those displacements are, in almost all cases, exceedingly small. Here we show, using a combination of diffraction techniques, that the hexagonal manganites RMnO3 (where R is a rare-earth element) undergo an isostructural transition with exceptionally large atomic displacements: two orders of magnitude larger than those seen in any other magnetic material, resulting in an unusually strong magneto-elastic coupling. We follow the exact atomic displacements of all the atoms in the unit cell as a function of temperature and find consistency with theoretical predictions based on group theories. We argue that this gigantic magneto-elastic coupling in RMnO3 holds the key to the recently observed magneto-electric phenomenon in this intriguing class of materials.     

硼磷酸盐激光玻璃的制备和光谱性质研究

硼磷酸盐激光玻璃作为一种新型的激光材料,因为其优异的热机械性能以及光学性能,已经引起了广泛的关注。我们用传统的熔融冷却的方法制备了一系列的硼磷酸盐激光玻璃,并对成玻璃区域进行了探讨及确定。由于玻璃结构网络中小体积的BO4单元的存在,对Ba2 ,Ca2 等大半径离子的引入量进行了细致的选择,以保证玻璃网络结构的完整。对制备的掺钕及掺镱的20P2O5-45B2O3-(35-x)MO-xR2O系列玻璃进行了激光拉曼光谱结构分析,并通过具体的结构模型表示B3 周围的精细结构及具体配位特征。同时激光玻璃光谱性质表明,玻璃结构的改变对激活离子的吸收发射光谱有比较大的影响,但通过调整玻璃成分,可以抑制B2O3的加入所导致的荧光焠灭效应。     

基于LabVIEW RT的汽车离合器从动盘检测系统

基于LabVIEW RT,应用交流伺服控制系统设计了高精度离合器从动盘检测系统.采用永磁同步交流伺服电机构成检测系统的位移驱动和力矩驱动,采用工控机和NI公司7830R数据采集控制卡构成实时数据采集和位移、力矩实时控制器;应用复合PID控制算法,基于LabVIEW RT开发了测试系统用户界面程序和数据采集控制程序.实验研究表明,系统获得了较好的稳态精度和动态特性,检测系统运行稳定可靠.     

TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5化合物的结构和磁性

用X射线和磁性测量研究了Mn替代Fe对TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5型金属间化合物的结构和磁性的影响。X射线衍射表明：TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5(x=1．5，2．0，3．0，4．0，5．0)化合物均为TnMn12型四方结构，晶格常数和单胞体积均随Mn含量增加而增大。磁性测量表明：TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5（x=1．5，2．0，3．0，4．0，5．0)化合物的居里温度和过渡金属次晶格磁矩随Mn含量的增加而逐渐降低；x=3．0化合物的热磁曲线上出现一个非零磁矩的类似补偿点；在4．5K温度下，化合物的饱和磁矩随Mn含量的增加而缓慢减小；x=3．0时达到最小值，然后又随Mn含量的增加而迅速增大。     

廉价R-Fe-B系烧结永磁材料的制备

为了综合利用我国稀土资源,降低Nd—Fe—B永磁合金的成本,研究了廉价(Nd、Pr)—Fe—B和(Ce、Nd、Pr)—Fe—B永磁材料的化学成分,制造工艺与磁性能的关系及其变化规律。添加Al可以大幅度提高合金的矫顽力。(Nd、Pr)—Fe—B合金最佳磁性能:Br=1.25T,M_Hc=714.3kA/m,(BH)_(max)=297.5kJ/m~3。(Nd、Pr)_(1-y)Ce_y—Fe—B合金的磁性能随Ce含量增加而降低。研究测定了合金的居里温度609～590K,剩磁可逆温度系数-0.094～-0.119％/K。观察分析了合金的显微组织,并测定了合金的密度,硬度及电阻率。     

Structural, magnetic and transport properties of Sc-doped La0.7Sr0.3MnO3

The Sc-doped La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 polycrystallines were prepared by thermal decomposition of complexes of metal ions with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The dependence of structural, magnetic and transport properties on Sc doping was investigated. Moderate Sc doping level results in a sharp drop in Curie temperature, an increase in resistance and enhancement of magnetoresistance effect. At temperatures above TMI, R(T) can be described as R(T) = R0exp(T0/T)1/4, which indicates that conduction takes place by hopping between the localized states. The experimental data reveal that the change in magnetoresistance property is related to the structure.     

非磁性/磁性掺杂剂对SnO2体系的性能调控

本文通过第一性原理计算在GGA + U 框架下系统地研究了非磁性掺杂剂(Li)和磁性掺杂剂(V)以及相应的点缺陷(VO/VSn)掺杂SnO2基稀磁半导体(DMS)的稳定性、电子结构、键合性质、磁性以及光学性质. 计算得到的形成能结果表明, V元素单掺杂体系比Li元素单掺杂体系更稳定. 其中, VO存在的掺杂体系稳定性更高, 而VSn对掺杂体系的稳定性不利. 磁性分析表明, Li掺杂体系的磁矩大于V掺杂体系的磁矩. 当有点缺陷存在时, VSn的加入显著提高了掺杂体系的磁性, 而VO对非磁性金属元素/磁性金属元素掺杂体系的磁性影响不同：当VO存在于Li掺杂体系时, Li原子周围的O原子自旋极化减少, 因此导致磁矩降低;当V掺杂体系中有VO存在, 磁性不仅来源于V原子的自旋极化, 同时来源于VO周围的O原子的自旋极化,因此磁矩增大. 结合电子结构分析可知, Li掺杂体系的磁性是由O-p和Li-p轨道之间的双交换作用产生的, V掺杂体系的磁性是由O-p和V-d轨道之间的双交换作用产生的. 键合分析发现VO的存在可以提高两种金属掺杂体系键(Li-O和V-O)的共价性. 在可见光区域内, Sn15LiO32和Sn15VO32具有较高的光学透明度. 以上这些结果为非磁性金属元素(Li)和磁性金属元素(V)及相应的点缺陷(VO/VSn)掺杂SnO2在自旋电子器件中的应用提供了新的思路.     

Stabilization effects of third element on CaCu5 type derivatives of rare-earth transition-metal intermetallics

Part of the results of the key project " Search for novel rare-earth functional materials" supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China is reviewed. In combination with reports in literature, the effects of the third element M on the formation and stability of La2(Co.M)17. R(Fe.M)12 and R3(Fe, M)29 intermetallic compounds are discussed by considering mixing enthalpy of M with rare-earth. Fe and Co. and atomic radius, electronegativity and electronic configurations, etc. It is concluded that the mixing enthalpy and atomic radius dominate the preferential sites and the minimum amount of M required to stabilize a structure, which ultimately affect the magnetic properties of a compound prominently. This review should provide some heuristic hints for exploiting novel rare-earth transition metal functional materials and for improving their performance.     

团簇Co_2FeBP的磁性

对团簇Co2Fe BP中Co、Fe原子的平均磁矩进行研究分析,结果表明:Co、Fe原子的平均磁矩均小于其理论计算值和实验观测值,B、P原子的引入降低了Co、Fe的磁性;多重度对Co、Fe原子的平均磁矩影响较大,但对其改变量大致相同;随着各构型稳定性的降低,在单重态下,Co、Fe原子的平均磁矩出现振荡性变化,在三重态下,Co原子的平均磁矩呈振荡性,而Fe原子呈单峰状;Co原子的平均磁矩在不同多重度下均变化不大,这与文献报道相一致;构型4(3)的Co原子平均磁矩最大,构型3(3)的Fe原子平均磁矩最大。     

分子场理论分析R2Fe17—xMx和R2Fe17N3稀土合金

用分子场理分析分析了稀土化合物Ｒ２Ｆｅ１７－ｘＭｘ和Ｒ２Ｆｅ１７Ｎ３（Ｒ＝Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ：Ｍ＝Ａｌ；ｘ＝０，２）的温度磁化曲线，计算出分子场 数ｎＲＲ，ｎＲＦ，ｎＦＦ。由分子场系数，计算了Ｆｅ－Ｆｅ、Ｒ－Ｒ、Ｒ－Ｆｅ的相互作用对Ｔｃ的贡献ＴＦＦ、ＴＲＲ、ＴＲＦ。     

应用CS_2在Ag—S键中的插入反应生成新型Ag原子簇化合物的研究——Ⅳ 四核银簇合物(Ph_3P)_4Ag_4Br_4的形成与晶体结构

应用CS_2在Ag—S键中的单核插入产物(Ph_3P)_2Ag(S_2CSR)(R=C_6H_5或C_6H_2Pr_3-2,4,6)与1,2-二溴乙烷—异丙醇混合溶剂反应,生成一个中性四核银簇合物(Ph_3P)_4Ag_4Br_4,并利用X射线单晶衍射法测定其晶体结构。     

二维网状配位聚合物[Cu(tza)_2]_n的合成、晶体结构及电化学性质

采用水热合成法制备了Cu(II)的二维网状聚合物[Cu(tza)2]n(Htza=四氮唑乙酸)的晶体.X射线衍射单晶结构表明:该配合物属单斜晶系,空间群P2(1)/c,a=0.47974(5)nm,b=1.17811(12)nm,c=0.94739(10)nm,β=103.727(2)°,V=0.52016(9)nm3,Dc=1.578g·cm-3,F(000)=357,Z=2,μ(MoKα)=1.057mm-1,R1=0.0128,wR2=0.142.中心Cu(II)与配体形成近似菱形结构,测定了该配合物在DMF溶液中的电化学性质,循环伏安法表明该配合物存在较好的氧化还原性,其氧化峰、还原峰的峰电位分别为0.29、-0.20V,其是Cu(II)和Cu(I)之间的相互转化.     

Local electronic structure and magnetic properties of （Ga,Cr）N

Modern electronic devices utilize the charge degree of freedom of electrons to process information in semiconductors and the spin degree of freedom to store information in magnetic materials. For example, inte- grated circuits and high–frequency devices …     

Colossal magnetoresistive p-n junctions of perovskite oxide La0.9Sr0.1MnO3／SrNb0.01Ti0.99O3

We have successfully fabricated the colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) p-n junctions of perovskite oxide La0.9Sr0.1MnO3/SrNb0.01Ti0.99O3 (LSMO/SNTO) with laser molecular beam epitaxy. The I-V characteristics of the LSMO/SNTO p-n junctions as a function of applied magnetic field (0—5 T) were studied between 100 and 300 K. We found that the p-n junction exhibited the CMR behavior. The CMR ratio △R/R0 (△R = RH - R0) is positive in magnetic fields below 0.13 T and at high temperature, while it displays a negative CMR near 100 K and in magnetic fields over 0.13 T. The CMR ratio values are 8% at 0.1 T and 13% at 5 T and 300 K, 40% at 0.1 T and 150 K, 10% at 0.13 T and -60% at 5 T and 100 K. The CMR behavior of the p-n junction is different from those of the LaMnO3 compound family.     

非晶CoZrNb磁性薄膜的研究

研究溅射条件和旋转磁场热处理对CoZrNb薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,高的溅射功率和合适的氩气压强对非晶CoZrNb薄膜的形成有用,并且这些薄膜的矫顽力较小。旋转磁场热处理将改善薄膜的软磁性能,使得矫顽力进一步减小。对溅射条件对薄膜性能的影响机制和旋转磁场热处理改善薄膜性能的机制作了简要的讨论。     

基片氧化层对纳米FeCo/SiO2复合薄膜结构和磁性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法结合氢气还原工艺,在Si基片上制备了纳米FeCo/SiO2复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品进行了测试分析,研究了基片氧化层对薄膜样品微观结构和磁性能的影响.结果表明,基片表面的氧化层起到较好的隔离作用,防止了Si与Fe发生反应,提高了FeCo的晶化程度,增大了薄膜饱和磁化强度,降低了薄膜矫顽力,有利于复合薄膜软磁性能的提高.     

R(Fe,M)12的间隙原子效应研究

利用中子衍射,磁测量和Linear-muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO)能带结构计算研究了间隙氮原子对R(Fe, M)₁₂金属间化合物的结构和磁性的影响。系统地分析了间隙原子效应,并解释了间隙原子效应的起因和机理。