浅谈粉煤灰在污水处理中的应用

粉煤灰是一种固体废弃物，其比表面积较大，常被用作吸附材料而广泛应用于污水的处理，本文主要综合论述了粉煤灰在污水处理中的应用研究历史和现状，包括重金属离子[Cu^2＋、Hg（Ⅱ）、铬离子等]的去除，阴离子（F^-．PO4^3-等）的去除，各种有机污水的处理，指出研制高效复合粉煤灰混凝剂是提高粉煤灰利用附加值行之有效的途径之一，并分析了当前粉煤灰用于污水处理存在的主要问题，提出了今后需研究的主要方向。     

粉煤灰在污水处理中的应用

粉煤灰是一种固体废的,其比表面积较大,常被用作吸附材料而广泛应用于污水的处理。文中参考国内外有关资料,综合论述了粉煤灰在污水处理中的应用研究历史和现状,包括重金属离子（Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）、铬离子等）的去除,阴离子（Ｆ＾－、ＰＯ＾３－４等）的去除,各种有机污水的处理,指出研制高效复合粉煤灰混凝剂是提高粉煤灰利用附加值行之有效的途径之一,并分析了当前粉煤灰用于污水处理存在的主要问题,提出了今后需研     

电子束辐照与粉煤灰吸附协同处理城市污水

利用电子束辐照与粉煤灰吸附两种方法对城市污水处理进行了研究,结果表明：先进行辐照处理然后再进行粉煤灰吸附有助于城市污水中的CODCr,、BOD5和氨氮等污染物的去除,显示出一定的协同效应;电子束辐照对污水中的大肠菌群灭杀效果显著,而粉煤灰吸附能有效去除污水中的总磷,二者的结合能够实现其优势互补,当辐照剂量20kGy、灰水比1：20时综合处理效果能够达到城市污水排放一级B标准．     

采油污水处理技术

综述了目前采油污水处理技术。指出回注水的处理方法主要有混凝法、隔油法、过滤法等物化方法,重点是去除污水中的颗粒物质;另外指明,外排水的处理方法主要是生化法及化学法,重点是降低水中的 COD。对目前存在的处理难点做出了分析,并提出了采油污水处理技术的发展趋势。     

人工快渗工艺处理小城镇污水工程

根据重庆市大足县某镇生活污水处理工程实例,探讨了以人工快渗为核心的污水处理工艺处理小城镇生活污水的可行性.根据实际工程的运行效果可以得出,人工快渗可应用于小城镇生活污水处理,对有机物、氨氮、总磷有显著的去除效果,出水能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B类排放标准.     

人工快渗工艺处理小城镇生活污水——以重庆大足县某镇为例

根据重庆市大足县某镇生活污水处理工程实例,探讨了以人工快渗为核心的污水处理工艺处理小城镇生活污水的可行性.根据实际工程的运行效果得出:人工快渗可应用于小城镇生活污水处理,对有机物、氨氮、总磷有显著的去除效果,出水能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B类排放标准.     

某公司生活污水处理过程的研究与探讨

文章介绍了某公司生活污水处理的基本原理,通过对生活污水处理原理的探讨得到解决我国大中小企业生活污水处理的现状,处理系统需要满足处理成本低、技术操作简单、运行过程和操作过程简单、对生活污水的处理效果好等目的,通过简单工艺流程的生活污水处理系统的设计。本工艺处理对生活污水进行处理,处理后可很好的提高COD去除率。生活污水处理的主要流程：首先污水通过粗格栅和细格栅去除污水中的漂浮和悬浮颗粒物,然后进入沉砂池将污水中的砂石沉淀下来并且采用空气提升器排砂,再进入氧化沟将污水中的污染物完全分解,保证污水达标排放,接着在二沉池中完成泥水分离,清水经过接触池消毒处理后达到BOD5<20 mg/L、COD<20 mg/L、SS<20 mg/L、NH3-N<15 mg/L的标准排放,使得出水指标达到《污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级A标准。     

粉煤灰处理城市污水实验

利用粉煤灰对城市污水进行吸附处理,观察了吸附时间和灰水比对污水的处理效果.结果表明:粉煤灰处理污水的吸附平衡时间为2 h,粉煤灰吸附处理对污水中的COD、氨氮和总磷都有一定的去除效果,但是去除效果不同.当灰水比为1∶40时,对COD的去除率达到79.4%;当灰水比为1∶20时,氨氮去除率只有37.6%;当灰水比达到1∶10时,总磷的去除率可达到73.5%.     

竹醋对生活污水好氧处理的强化作用初步研究

采用在生活污水好氧处理之前投加外源物质的方法，研究了竹醋(Bamboo Vinegar，BV)及其主要有机成分(乙酸)对污水好氧处理效果的强化作用。结果表明：①当VDV／Vi污水的比值达到1／10^5时,BV对污水CODcr的去除有极显著的强化作用：CODcr去除率比不加竹醋的对照组提高10％。但是，BV对污水中NH4^ —N，T—P的去除率没有影响。②乙酸单独使用亦可显著提高污水CODcr去除率，当V乙酸／V污水为1／10^7时，强化效果最好，CODcr去除率提高13％。由于乙酸具有与BV相似的作用特点，所以认为BV对污水处理效果的强化作用来自其中的乙酸。为了将BV应用于污水处理中，需要进一步研究确定BV对活性污泥法、生物膜法处理污水的强化效果。     

人工湿地处理高速公路服务区污水效能

以预处理和人工湿地为主体工艺对高速公路服务区污水进行处理,探讨污染物去除效果的影响因素。预处理以膜分离技术与生物处理技术作为主要的处理手段,对污水进行预治理。将对预处理后的出水进一步进行人工湿地处理,达到污水回用标准,并分别测定了预处理和人工湿地对污染物的去除效率。同时探讨了温度、子系统类型、填料高度对生态处理工艺的影响。结果表明:预处理的出水生物需氧量及总氮值去除波动较大,而人工湿地对水化学需氧量(COD)、五日生物需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮和总氮去除的水平较好。经预处理+人工湿地处理后,服务区污COD、BOD5、氨氮及总氮的去除率均大于95%,出水水质满足《城市污水再利用景观环境用水》(GB/T18921—2002)要求,达污水回用标准。而膜阻力测定结果显示,预处理中膜污染主要来源于泥饼层,膜固有阻力对膜污染几乎无影响。高温季节有利于总氮的去除,低温季节会影响化学需氧量的去除;添加大棚人工湿地子系统,由于强化生物膜的作用,生态处理工艺对氨氮和总氮的去除效果得到了提高;填料高度为40cm时大部分氨氮通过微生物作用被去除。填料高度为20cm时大部分COD被去除。该结果为今后高速公路服务区污水处理及回用方法研究提供了有益探索。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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