连续冷却淬火贝氏体球墨铸铁的断裂韧性

对抗磨贝氏体球墨铸铁的断裂韧性进行了较为深入的研究。通过两种不同尺寸试样的断裂韧性测定,研究试样尺寸因素对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响;通过开疲劳裂纹和线切割裂纹的对比试验,研究裂纹尖端的尖锐程度对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响;研究石墨球化质量对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响。研究结果表明,试样尺寸大小和开疲劳裂纹与否对球墨铸铁断裂韧性的影响不大,而球化质量则对球墨铸铁的断裂韧性有较大的影响,球化质量好的试样,其断裂韧性值高。     

高压氢气对金属材料断裂韧性的影响

基于应力诱导氢扩散理论、氢致键合力降低理论和线弹性断裂力学理论,提出了一个描述氢气对金属断裂韧性影响的数学模型,用于定量预测金属在氢气中的断裂韧性.结果表明,当已知金属在低压氢气中的断裂韧性时,利用所提出的模型可以外推出金属在高压氢气中的断裂韧性,从而避免了在高压氢气中测量金属断裂韧性所带来的危险性.同时,利用文献报道的几种金属材料在不同氢气压力下的断裂韧性试验值对模型进行验证发现,所建立的模型对预测金属在氢气中的断裂韧性具有较好的有效性.     

油水含量对砂岩断裂韧性的影响

为研究油水含量对砂岩断裂韧性的影响,提出了一种新的砂岩试件油水饱和方法,并通过三点弯实验测试了不同油水含量下砂岩的断裂韧性。研究发现:当砂岩孔隙中仅含有一种饱和流体时,饱和油砂岩的断裂韧性比饱和水砂岩的断裂韧性大;当试件中含有两种饱和流体时,油水混合试件的断裂韧性介于饱和油、饱和水试件的断裂韧性之间;饱和油、饱和水及油水混合砂岩试件的断裂韧性比干燥试件断裂韧性低10%~50%。微观角度上,从吸附作用、水化作用、黏土膨胀和毛细管力等方面分析了油水含量对砂岩断裂韧性的影响;水化作用比毛细管力对砂岩断裂韧性的影响显著。宏观角度上,基于应力-应变曲线对砂岩断裂过程进行了能量耗散分析;所有试件均有能量耗散,耗散能量比为5%~30%;干燥试件的能量耗散比低于油水混合试件的能量耗散比,平均低约10%。     

岩石Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性的测试及其影响因素分析

根据直缝巴西圆盘(SNBD)试件计算应力强度因子的原理,设计组建了一套岩石Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性测试系统,测定了岩石的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性,并与厚壁圆筒法的Ⅰ型断裂韧性测试值进行了比较.根据试验结果,分析了试样尺寸、围压等因素对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性的影响.结果表明,研制的试验装置能够可靠地测出Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性;试件厚度最好大于30 mm,初始裂缝半长与圆盘半径的比a/R为0.1～0.3时,可很好地确定Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性;Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性测试值均有随围压增大而增大的趋势.     

电解低钛铝制备A356合金动态断裂韧性研究

以工业纯铝、2种不同含钛量的电解低钛铝等为原料,在实验室条件下制备了3种不同钛含量的A356铝合金,对这3种合金在高速加载条件下的动态断裂韧性进行了测试研究.结果表明,在所试验的温度范围内,3种合金均表现为脆性断裂特征,动态断裂韧性随钛含量的增加而增加,特别是当钛质量分数在0.20%以上时表现得更为明显,合金的低温动态断裂韧性均优于室温动态断裂韧性,当温度达到95℃时,所有合金的动态断裂韧性达到峰值,当温度超过150℃时,动态断裂韧性均显著下降,并且不同合金的动态断裂韧性差别缩小,电解加钛方式和通过含钛中间合金加钛方式对合金的动态断裂韧性没有明显影响.     

岩石材料动态断裂韧性的实验研究

为了研究岩石类材料的动态力学性能及动态破坏机理,防止出现岩石爆裂造成灾难性破坏,根据中心裂纹圆盘试件断裂韧性测试方法和分离式霍普金森压杆的基本原理,在SHPB装置上测试了花岗岩的动态断裂韧性。对测试结果按照SHPB基本原理进行处理,以试件两端平均载荷带入准静态公式得到动态断裂韧性。处理结果表明,用试件两端平均载荷获得岩石动态断裂韧性的实验方法有效的;花岗岩的动态断裂韧性具有加载速率相关性,随着加载速率的增加断裂韧性增大。     

岩石Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性的测试及其影响因素分析

根据直缝巴西圆盘（SNBD）试件计算应力强度因子的原理,设计组建了一套岩石Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性测试系统,测定了岩石的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性,并与厚壁圆筒法的I型断裂韧性测试值进行了比较。根据试验结果,分析了试样尺寸、围压等因素对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,研制的试验装置能够可靠地测出Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性;试件厚度最好大于30 mm,初始裂缝半长与圆盘半径的比a/R为0.1-0.3时,可很好地确定Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性;Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性测试值均有随围压增大而增大的趋势。     

油水含量对疏松砂岩断裂韧性的影响

为研究油水含量对砂岩断裂韧性的影响,提出了一种新的砂岩试件油水饱和方法,并通过三点弯实验测试了不同油水含量下砂岩的断裂韧性。研究发现:当砂岩孔隙中仅含有一种饱和流体时,饱和油砂岩的断裂韧性比饱和水砂岩的断裂韧性大;当试件中含有两种饱和流体时,油水混合试件的断裂韧性介于饱和油、饱和水试件的断裂韧性之间;饱和油、饱和水及油水混合砂岩试件的断裂韧性比干燥试件断裂韧性低10%~50%。微观角度上,从吸附作用、水化作用、黏土膨胀和毛细管力等方面分析了油水含量对砂岩断裂韧性的影响;水化作用比毛细管力对砂岩断裂韧性的影响显著。宏观角度上,基于应力-应变曲线对砂岩断裂过程进行了能量耗散分析;所有试件均有能量耗散,耗散能量比为5%~30%;干燥试件的能量耗散比低于油水混合试件的能量耗散比,平均低约10%。     

晶粒尺寸对车轮钢解理断裂韧性的影响

通过紧凑拉伸试验研究了碳的质量分数约为0.5%的C50车轮钢解理断裂韧性KIC(即条件断裂韧性KQ)与晶粒尺寸的关系.结果表明,晶粒尺寸对试样的断裂韧性有明显的影响,但决定车轮钢解理断裂韧性的是组织中最大的晶粒尺寸,而不是平均晶粒尺寸,最大晶粒尺寸越大,断裂韧性越低.对于C50车轮钢,当前5%的最大晶粒平均尺寸为30~73μm时,车轮钢的条件断裂韧性KQ与晶粒平均尺寸的对数呈线性关系.     

钢纤维增强聚合物改性高强混凝土断裂韧性的试验研究

为研究混凝土材料的抗裂性能,针对新型桥梁建筑材料———钢纤维增强聚合物改性高强混凝土(SFRPMHC),基于边界效应模型,提出用不同边界条件试件确定无尺寸效应断裂韧性的测试方法,并通过6组不同钢纤维及聚合物含量、3种不同缝高比的预制开口试件的验证,研究了材料组份对断裂韧性的影响规律.结果表明直接由试验确定的名义断裂韧性仍有尺寸效应,边界效应模型可较好描述这一规律;随钢纤维含量的增加,混凝土抗压、抗拉强度及失稳断裂韧性均线性增大,而起裂断裂韧性提高不明显;聚合物含量越大,材料抗压强度和断裂韧性也略有增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that