二项式光场与负二项式光场对超导量子比特读出电流的影响

研究了二项式态光场和负二项式态光场与耦合超导量子比特相互作用下的超导电流的时间演化规律.研究结果显示:在确定的二项式态或负二项式态光场中,耦合超导量子比特的初始量子态对穿过自身的超导电流的动力学行为几乎没有影响;但光场的量子态,尤其是光场参数对超导电流的动力学行为具有调控作用.因此,通过测量超导量子比特的输出电流,能够探测量子光场的统计性质.     

耗散腔场中双纠缠原子的量子信息保真度

利用数值计算的方法,研究了耗散腔中双纠缠原子的量子信息保真度.讨论了光场的初始平均光子数一定的情况下腔的耗散系数对量子态保真度的影响,以及在腔的耗散一定的情况下光场的初始平均光子数对量子态保真度的影响.结果表明:腔的耗散和光场的初始平均光子数对原子和原子—光场系统的保真度的影响都很明显.     

数态光场与3个两能级原子相互作用系统的保真度

根据量子信息保真度理论,研究了数态光场与初始处于GHZ态的3个两能级原子相互作用系统中量子态保真度的演变规律.对系统中原子和场取迹后不同量子态保真度的变化规律和场的初始光子数对系统中不同量子态保真度的影响进行了分析与研究.结果表明,初始光子数越大,量子态保真度随时间振荡频率越大.     

整形啁啾脉冲光场作用下的量子相干控制与量子全息

在一级微扰理论近似下,研究了整形啁啾脉冲光场与二能级原子系统作用过程中的量子相干控制问题.利用惠更斯-菲涅耳原理解释了整形脉冲光场作用下量子态波函数的演化过程类似于时域＂光栅衍射＂效应;利用菲涅耳波带片方法研究了布居几率的增强效应.基于利用整形脉冲实现的量子相干控制和量子全息思想在理论上提出并论证了测量波函数的一种新方法.     

旋波近似下的量子Zeno效应时间

频繁对系统进行量子测量会产生阻抑不稳定量子态衰减的量子Zeno效应。通过对哈密顿量以及不稳定量子态进行中岛变换,在薛定谔绘景下直接计算出量子Zeno效应时间,得出弱耦合情况下发生量子Zeno效应所需的最基本条件,给出量子Zeno效应时间与测量光场频率、耦合强度及不稳定量子态自身能级间隔之间的关系。     

相位阻尼对量子传输保真度的影响

研究了在相位阻尼作用下一个二能级原子与两个不同光场相互作用的系统中的量子态的保真度.讨论了相位阻尼和失谐对量子传输的最大保真度的影响,并且获得了通过该信道进行量子传输的最大保真度.此外,还分析了通过该信道进行量子传输的平均保真度.     

Tavis-Cummings模型中的量子态平均保真度

运用全量子理论,研究了Tavis-Cummings模型中量子态平均保真度的演化特性,对原子和光场的初态以及两原子的关联程度对平均保真度的影响进行了研究.结果表明,原子、光场和系统的平均保真度依赖于初态时2个原子处在基态的几率以及光场处于真空态的几率;初态两原子在基态无关联,光场处于真空态,体系不失真.     

三晋视点

山西量子光学研究直达国际前沿近日,在北京举行的国家973计划和重大科学研究计划2009年项目实施会上,山西大学量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室王海教授为首席科学家的基于光场量子态的量子信息研究项目     

薛定谔猫态光场与多光子跃迁运动二能级原子相互作用系统的保真度

利用全量子理论,研究了薛定谔猫态光场与多光子跃迁运动二能级原子相互作用系统的保真度.分别讨论了初始光强、原子运动速度、跃迁光子数以及薛定谔猫态中两宏观相干态的相位角等物理参量对系统保真度的影响.结果表明:随着初始光强的增大,量子态保真效果越来越差;当初始光强增大到一定程度时,偶相干态和奇相干态的保真度与时间演化特性相同;当跃迁光子数为奇数时,原子运动速度的增大使量子态保真效果更好.     

量子区分与量子克隆简述

在经典信息理论中,编码状态可以精确复制与区分;而在量子信息中,由于态的叠加性存在,使得非正交态不可区分,量子态不可复制与删除.但是,量子态的区分和克隆在新型的量子信息科学中具有广泛的应用,例如量子密码的接收和窃听等.本文简要介绍量子态的区分和克隆的数学概念及相关研究结果.     

Experimental demonstration of quantum memory for light

The information carrier of today's communications, a weak pulse of light, is an intrinsically quantum object. As a consequence, complete information about the pulse cannot be perfectly recorded in a classical memory, even in principle. In the field of quantum information, this has led to the long-standing challenge of how to achieve a high-fidelity transfer of an independently prepared quantum state of light onto an atomic quantum state. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a protocol for such a quantum memory based on atomic ensembles. Recording of an externally provided quantum state of light onto the atomic quantum memory is achieved with 70 per cent fidelity, significantly higher than the limit for classical recording. Quantum storage of light is achieved in three steps: first, interaction of the input pulse and an entangling field with spin-polarized caesium atoms; second, subsequent measurement of the transmitted light; and third, feedback onto the atoms using a radio-frequency magnetic pulse conditioned on the measurement result. The density of recorded states is 33 per cent higher than the best classical recording of light onto atoms, with a quantum memory lifetime of up to 4 milliseconds.     

介质中多模泛函叠加态光场广义电场的不等幂次H压缩

利用多模压缩态理论,研究了介质中任意非对称四态叠加多模泛函叠加态光场广义电场分量的不等幂次H压缩特性。结果表明:介质中四态叠加多模泛函叠加态光场的广义电场分量在一些特定的条件下可呈现出不等幂次Nj次方H压缩效应,并且随着多模叠加态光场在介质中传播距离的增加,其广义电场分量的Nj次方H压缩现象将周期性地出现。     

量子光源综述

量子密码通信是最近二十多年发展起来的一种新型通信技术,它利用量子特性来实现或增强通信的安全性。量子保密通信系统基于光量子信号的传输特性,因此如何获得稳定可靠的量子光源就成为实现量子保密通信的主要问题。文中介绍了量子通信中已有的几种光源(单光子光源、连续变量光源、纠缠态光源)的原理和相关实验,最后介绍了量子光源的应用,并对其前景进行了展望。     

Quantum teleportation between light and matter

Quantum teleportation is an important ingredient in distributed quantum networks, and can also serve as an elementary operation in quantum computers. Teleportation was first demonstrated as a transfer of a quantum state of light onto another light beam; later developments used optical relays and demonstrated entanglement swapping for continuous variables. The teleportation of a quantum state between two single material particles (trapped ions) has now also been achieved. Here we demonstrate teleportation between objects of a different nature--light and matter, which respectively represent 'flying' and 'stationary' media. A quantum state encoded in a light pulse is teleported onto a macroscopic object (an atomic ensemble containing 10 caesium atoms). Deterministic teleportation is achieved for sets of coherent states with mean photon number (n) up to a few hundred. The fidelities are 0.58 +/- 0.02 for n = 20 and 0.60 +/- 0.02 for n = 5--higher than any classical state transfer can possibly achieve. Besides being of fundamental interest, teleportation using a macroscopic atomic ensemble is relevant for the practical implementation of a quantum repeater. An important factor for the implementation of quantum networks is the teleportation distance between transmitter and receiver; this is 0.5 metres in the present experiment. As our experiment uses propagating light to achieve the entanglement of light and atoms required for teleportation, the present approach should be scalable to longer distances.     

Generation of optical 'Schrödinger cats' from photon number states

Schr?dinger's cat is a Gedankenexperiment in quantum physics, in which an atomic decay triggers the death of the cat. Because quantum physics allow atoms to remain in superpositions of states, the classical cat would then be simultaneously dead and alive. By analogy, a 'cat' state of freely propagating light can be defined as a quantum superposition of well separated quasi-classical states-it is a classical light wave that simultaneously possesses two opposite phases. Such states play an important role in fundamental tests of quantum theory and in many quantum information processing tasks, including quantum computation, quantum teleportation and precision measurements. Recently, optical Schr?dinger 'kittens' were prepared; however, they are too small for most of the aforementioned applications and increasing their size is experimentally challenging. Here we demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, a protocol that allows the generation of arbitrarily large squeezed Schr?dinger cat states, using homodyne detection and photon number states as resources. We implemented this protocol with light pulses containing two photons, producing a squeezed Schr?dinger cat state with a negative Wigner function. This state clearly exhibits several quantum phase-space interference fringes between the 'dead' and 'alive' components, and is large enough to become useful for quantum information processing and experimental tests of quantum theory.     

A single-atom quantum memory

The faithful storage of a quantum bit (qubit) of light is essential for long-distance quantum communication, quantum networking and distributed quantum computing. The required optical quantum memory must be able to receive and recreate the photonic qubit; additionally, it must store an unknown quantum state of light better than any classical device. So far, these two requirements have been met only by ensembles of material particles that store the information in collective excitations. Recent developments, however, have paved the way for an approach in which the information exchange occurs between single quanta of light and matter. This single-particle approach allows the material qubit to be addressed, which has fundamental advantages for realistic implementations. First, it enables a heralding mechanism that signals the successful storage of a photon by means of state detection; this can be used to combat inevitable losses and finite efficiencies. Second, it allows for individual qubit manipulations, opening up avenues for in situ processing of the stored quantum information. Here we demonstrate the most fundamental implementation of such a quantum memory, by mapping arbitrary polarization states of light into and out of a single atom trapped inside an optical cavity. The memory performance is tested with weak coherent pulses and analysed using full quantum process tomography. The average fidelity is measured to be 93%, and low decoherence rates result in qubit coherence times exceeding 180 microseconds. This makes our system a versatile quantum node with excellent prospects for applications in optical quantum gates and quantum repeaters.     

介质中4MFSS光场广义磁场的Nj次振幅压缩效应

根据量子力学中的态叠加原理,构造了强度不等的非对称四态叠加多模泛函叠加态光场(即4MFSS光场)。利用多模压缩态理论,对介质中4MFSS光场广义磁场分量的不等幂次高次振幅压缩效应进行了详细的研究。结果发现:①在一定条件下,上述4MFSS光场的广义磁场分量可呈现出周期性变化的广义非线性不等幂次高次振幅压缩效应;②上述4MFSS光场其广义磁场分量所呈现的Nj次方高次振幅效应的压缩幅度,明显受到介质的增益系数或吸收系数的直接影响;对于增益介质而言,随着传播距离的增大,光场Nj次方高次振幅压缩现象的压缩程度加深、压缩幅度增大、压缩效应增强;对于吸收介质而言,随着光场传播距离的增大,光场Nj次方高次振幅压缩现象的压缩程度降低、压缩幅度减小、压缩效应减弱。     

Quantum jumps of light recording the birth and death of a photon in a cavity

A microscopic quantum system under continuous observation exhibits at random times sudden jumps between its states. The detection of this quantum feature requires a quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement repeated many times during the system's evolution. Whereas quantum jumps of trapped massive particles (electrons, ions or molecules) have been observed, this has proved more challenging for light quanta. Standard photodetectors absorb light and are thus unable to detect the same photon twice. It is therefore necessary to use a transparent counter that can 'see' photons without destroying them. Moreover, the light needs to be stored for durations much longer than the QND detection time. Here we report an experiment in which we fulfil these challenging conditions and observe quantum jumps in the photon number. Microwave photons are stored in a superconducting cavity for times up to half a second, and are repeatedly probed by a stream of non-absorbing atoms. An atom interferometer measures the atomic dipole phase shift induced by the non-resonant cavity field, so that the final atom state reveals directly the presence of a single photon in the cavity. Sequences of hundreds of atoms, highly correlated in the same state, are interrupted by sudden state switchings. These telegraphic signals record the birth, life and death of individual photons. Applying a similar QND procedure to mesoscopic fields with tens of photons should open new perspectives for the exploration of the quantum-to-classical boundary.     

一种多模叠加态光场的不等幂次H压缩特性

目的对强度相等的对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场的不等幂次Nj次方H压缩特性进行详细研究。方法根据量子力学中的态叠加原理，并运用多模辐射场的广义非线性不等幂次高次压缩的一般理论，寻求适当的压缩条件。结果在一定的压缩条件下，上述对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场总可呈现出周期性变化的广义非线性不等幂次Nj次方H压缩效应。结论在一定的压缩条件下其压缩特性总是呈现出周期性的对称互补关系。     

三态叠加多模Schrdinger-cat态纠缠光场的不等幂次高次差压缩

引入了由多模复共轭相干态、多模复共轭虚相干态和多模真空态的线性叠加所组成的三态叠加多模Schr dinger-cat态纠缠光场,利用多模压缩态理论研究了这种光场的广义非线性不等幂次高次差压缩特性。结果发现:①真空场对此猫态光场的不等幂次高次差压缩效应没有影响;②在一定条件下,此猫态光场的两个正交相位分量可分别呈现出不等幂次高次差压缩效应;而在另外的条件下,此猫态光场的两个正交相位分量则可同时出现上述的不等幂次高次差压缩效应。