Effect of desliming on the magnetic separation of low-grade ferruginous manganese ore

In the present investigation, magnetic separation studies using an induced roll magnetic separator were conducted to beneficiate low-grade ferruginous manganese ore. The feed ore was assayed to contain 22.4% Mn and 35.9% SiO₂, with a manganese-to-iron mass ratio (Mn:Fe ratio) of 1.6. This ore was characterized in detail using different techniques, including quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that the ore is extremely siliceous in nature and that the associated gangue minerals are more or less evenly distributed in almost all of the size fractions in major proportion. Magnetic separation studies were conducted on both the as-received ore fines and the classified fines to enrich their manganese content and Mn:Fe ratio. The results indicated that the efficiency of separation for deslimed fines was better than that for the treated unclassified bulk sample. On the basis of these results, we proposed a process flow sheet for the beneficiation of low-grade manganese ore fines using a Floatex density separator as a pre-concentrator followed by two-stage magnetic separation. The overall recovery of manganese in the final product from the proposed flow sheet is 44.7% with an assay value of 45.8% and the Mn:Fe ratio of 3.1.     

铬铁矿的还原焙烧与磁选分离

以南非铬铁矿为原料,以潞安煤粉为还原剂,进行了铬铁矿粉还原焙烧与磁选分离实验。借助扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析,对碳热还原和磁选分离过程中的物相变化进行了系统研究。实验发现,当温度低于1 200℃时,铬铁矿仅发生少量铁氧化物的还原,当温度高于1 300℃时,铬铁矿中铬氧化物开始被还原成碳化铬。随着还原反应的不断进行,铬铁尖晶石结构逐渐发生转变并被破坏。在本实验条件下,铬铁矿较为适宜的预处理温度为1 200℃,此温度下的还原产物磁选后,磁选产物几乎全部为金属铁,磁选所得尾渣的除铁率为46%,铬的收得率为80%,w(Cr2O3)/w(ΣFe O)值高达3.75。研究工作对于铬铁矿预处理工艺的设计开发及低品位铬铁矿的综合利用具有理论指导意义。     

含锰贫铁矿的铁与锰磁选富集

在含锰贫铁矿含碳球团直接还原的岩相结构和物相组成研究的基础上,对阵贫铁矿中的铁与锰的磁选方式进行了研究,结果认为,干式磁选对富集矿中铁的效果比较,磁性产物中铁的品位最高可以达到８２％,同时具有很高的金属化率,且干式磁选简单易行,。     

Ferronickel enrichment by fine particle reduction and magnetic separation from nickel laterite ore

Ferronickel enrichment and extraction from nickel laterite ore were studied through reduction and magnetic separation. Reduction experiments were performed using hydrogen and carbon monoxide as reductants at different temperatures (700–1000°C). Magnetic separation of the reduced products was conducted using a SLon-100 cycle pulsating magnetic separator (1.2 T). Composition analysis indicates that the nickel laterite ore contains a total iron content of 22.50wt% and a total nickel content of 1.91wt%. Its mineral composition mainly consists of serpentine, hortonolite, and goethite. During the reduction process, the grade of nickel and iron in the products increases with increasing reduction temperature. Although a higher temperature is more favorable for reduction, the temperature exceeding 1000°C results in sintering of the products, preventing magnetic separation. After magnetic separation, the maximum total nickel and iron concentrations are 5.43wt% and 56.86wt%, and the corresponding recovery rates are 84.38% and 53.76%, respectively.     

海砂矿深度还原-磁选分离实验研究

应用化学分析、扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析方法研究海砂矿的基础物性. 采用煤基深度还原-磁选工艺,系统考察矿粉中Fe和Ti的还原分离行为,并明确还原温度、还原时间、碳氧比、磁感应强度和磨矿粒度对还原磁选效果的影响规律. 结果表明:海砂矿主要由钛磁铁矿和钛赤铁矿组成;较优的还原分离工艺参数为还原温度1300℃、还原时间30 min、碳氧摩尔比1. 1、磁感应强度50 mT和磨矿细度-0. 074 mm质量分数86. 34%. 在此工艺条件下,可以获得金属化率94. 23%的还原产物,磁选指标分别达到精矿铁品位97. 19%和尾矿钛品位57. 94%,对应的铁、钛回收率为90. 28%和87. 22%,有效地实现海砂矿中铁钛元素的分离富集.     

Metalizing reduction and magnetic separation of vanadium titano-magnetite based on hot briquetting

To achieve high efficiency utilization of Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite, a new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting is proposed, and factors that affect the cold strength of the hot-briquetting products and the efficiency of reduction and magnetic separation are successively investigated through laboratory experiments. The relevant mechanisms are elucidated on the basis of microstructural observations. Experimental results show that the optimal process parameters for hot briquetting include a hot briquetting temperature of 475℃, a carbon ratio of 1.2, ore and coal particle sizes of less than 74 μm. Additionally, with respect to metalizing reduction and magnetic separation, the rational parameters include a magnetic field intensity of 50 mT, a reduction temperature of 1350℃, a reduction time of 60 min, and a carbon ratio of 1.2. Under these above conditions, the crushing strength of the hot-briquetting agglomerates is 1480 N, and the recovery ratios of iron, vanadium, and titanium are as high as 91.19%, 61.82%, and 85.31%, respectively. The new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting demonstrates the evident technological advantages of high efficiency separation of iron from other valuable elements in the vanadium titano-magnetite.     

低m(Cr)/m(Fe)铬铁矿除铁工艺的实验研究

以南非铬铁矿为对象,在热力学分析的基础上,采用碳热还原法开展了低m(Cr)/m(Fe)铬铁矿除铁工艺的实验研究.结果表明:实验中铬铁矿选择性除铁的适宜温度为1 100℃左右,符合热力学计算结果.低于此温度时还原出的富铁相与基体分离不彻底,难以结瘤析出;高于此温度时尖晶石相中的铬元素还原严重,影响铬的回收率.在1 100℃还原0.5 h并经酸浸处理后,铬铁矿可由化工级提升至冶金级,在相同温度下还原2 h后,m(Cr)/m(Fe)可由1.7提高至5.8,为实现低m(Cr)/m(Fe)铬铁矿的高效利用提供了新思路.     

新型磁选设备的小型试验研究

叙述了新型实验室设备──磁选柱的结构、分选原理,以及选别各种磁铁矿粗精矿的实验室研究。试验结果表明,磁选柱是磁铁矿的,一种高效精选设备。磁选柱的分选特点是把磁铁矿连生体颗粒有效地从磁铁矿粗精矿中分选出来,从而获得高品位的铁精矿。     

铁钛平行分选对微细粒钛铁矿强磁选的影响

采用"铁钛平行分选"工艺对高压辊磨超细碎的-3.2 mm钒钛磁铁矿进行选别实验,研究了强磁选对钛铁矿的分选效果.当磨矿细度为-74μm粒级占80%时,辊压产品选钛给矿的单体解离度较颚破产品高0.58%,辊压产品-19μm+11μm粒级中铁氧化物的单体含量较颚破产品低1.38%.与颚破产品采用"阶段磨矿-阶段分选"工艺相比,"铁钛平行分选"得到的强磁精矿中Ti O2的回收率提高5.11%,-19μm粒级的含量降低2.62%.不同粒级钛铁矿在分选空间中的受力分析表明,当粒度降低时,钛铁矿所受的比阻力急剧增加,而比磁力却有所降低,这增加了钛铁矿颗粒被磁场捕获的难度."铁钛平行分选"能够降低选别过程中微细粒钛铁矿的新生成量,改善钛铁矿的强磁选别效果.     

高梯度磁分离用于钢铁工业除尘的实验研究

采用高梯度磁分离技术对钢铁工业除尘进行实验研究。通过实验确定了磁分离除尘的工艺条件为:磁场强度为5.2KGs,钢毛填充率为2%,气体流量为12m~3/h。在这些条件下,除尘效率可达98.2%,分级除尘效率达90%以上。     

高压辊磨对磁铁矿石磁选特性的影响

对弓长岭磁铁矿石的高压辊磨和颚式破碎产品分别进行阶段磨矿—阶段磁选—细筛再磨试验,分析了两种破碎方式对弓长岭磁铁矿石磨矿特性和磁选特性的影响。结果表明:高压辊磨工艺适宜的一段磨矿细度为-74μm含量占40%,颚式破碎工艺适宜的一段磨矿细度为-74μm含量占50%,两种破碎工艺适宜的二段磨矿细度均为-74μm含量占85%,最佳的细筛筛孔尺寸为50μm,三段磨矿细度为-45μm含量占80%。高压辊磨机碎磨分选工艺与颚式破碎机碎磨分选工艺相比,精矿品位相近,产率高0.52%,回收率高0.92%。     

强磁场对Cu-20%Fe合金沉积处理的影响

研究了强磁场对Cu-20%Fe(质量分数)合金沉积处理时微观组织和基体固溶度的影响.结果表明:随沉积处理时施加强磁场磁感应强度的增加,Cu-Fe合金的Fe枝晶球化略有增加,且分布更均匀;对Cu基体的高倍SEM分析发现,随磁感应强度增加,基体中析出的Fe原子增加,表明强磁场可以促进过饱和Cu基体中Fe原子的析出;对不同强磁场下Cu-20%Fe合金沉积处理后的样品中基体固溶度的EDS分析表明,在10T强磁场下500℃沉积处理时基体的固溶度最低,这是由于强磁场降低扩散原子激活能,促进Fe原子的析出,与沉积温度引起的Fe原子扩散溶解共同作用的结果.     

磁选柱代替细筛获得高品位磁铁矿精矿的实验研究

叙述了新型实验室设备——磁选柱选别各种磁铁矿粗精矿的实验室研究,试验结果表明：磁选柱可作为精选设备代替细筛获得高品位磁铁矿精矿,从而证明,磁选柱是一种高效精选粗磁精矿设备．     

基于数字图像处理的铁矿石深度还原评价方法

复杂难选铁矿石深度还原包含铁氧化物还原和铁颗粒长大两个过程,目前的评价指标金属化率仅能评价铁氧化物的还原程度,并不能对铁颗粒的粒度特征进行有效评价.为了建立完整的深度还原评价体系,将数字处理技术引入铁颗粒的检测过程,采用数码反光显微镜获取深度还原物料的数字图像,通过处理得到铁颗粒的二维特征参数,结合铁颗粒的球形特征,推导了铁颗粒累计粒度特性曲线的计算方法.实际应用试验表明,铁粉的分选指标和铁颗粒粒度的变化趋势保持高度一致,基于数字图像处理的铁矿石深度还原评价方法是可行的.     

应同等重视建筑建造过程和运行过程的节能减排——基于中国建筑业资源环境负荷现状数据的分析

 以2015中国建筑业原材料消耗、能源消耗、CO₂排放为主要指标,分析了中国建筑业建筑建造和运行过程的主要资源环境负荷情况,并与国外相关数据对比,探讨了社会建筑活动与资源环境负荷之间的量化关系,提出了应同等重视建筑建造和运行过程中节能、减排的建议。