Fracture toughness and fracture behavior of SA508-III steel at different temperatures

The fracture toughness of SA508-III steel was studied in the temperature range from room temperature to 320°C using the J-integral method. The fracture behavior of the steel was also investigated. It was found that the conditional fracture toughness (J_Q) of the steel first decreased and then increased with increasing test temperature. The maximum and minimum values of J_Q were 517.4 kJ/m2 at 25°C and 304.5 kJ/m2 at 180°C, respectively. Dynamic strain aging (DSA) was also observed to occur when the temperature exceeded 260°C with a certain strain rate. Both the dislocation density and the number of small dislocation cells effectively increased because of the occurrence of DSA; as a consequence, crack propagation was more strongly inhibited in the steel. Simultaneously, an increasing number of fine carbides precipitated under high stress at temperatures greater than 260°C. Thus, the deformation resistance of the steel was improved and the J_Q was enhanced.     

High temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior of cast nickel-base K445 superalloy

The tensile properties and fracture behavior of a cast nickel-base superalloy K445 in the temperature range of 25-1 000℃were investigated.The microstructure and fracture surfaces of the alloy were investigated by OM,SEM and TEM.The results revealed that an anomalous yield strength phenomenon exists in the alloy at medium high temperature.The yield strength decreases gradually with the increase of temperature,reaches the minimum value at 650℃,and then increases again to obtain 940 MPa,which is almost the ...     

退火温度对430不锈钢冷轧板组织和力学性能的影响

针对现场生产的430不锈钢冷轧板,通过高温连续退火实验研究了退火温度对材料显微组织、强度、塑性以及各向异性性能的影响.通过实验得到了合理的两段式加热连续退火工艺:选取中间温度为600℃,加热II段的加热速率为2.3℃·s-1,最高加热温度为840℃.随着退火温度的升高,薄板的屈服强度和硬度呈明显的两阶段降低趋势,延伸率呈"S"型趋势增加,平均塑性应变比基本保持不变(1.25左右),而轧制平面各向异性指数有一定的降低.针对430不锈钢冷轧板分别建立了屈服强度与退火软化率和延伸率之间的定量关系.     

Effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure and properties of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase steel

C–Mn steels prepared by annealing at 800°C for 120 s and overaging at 250–400°C were subjected to pre-straining (2%) and baking treatments (170°C for 20 min) to measure their bake-hardening (BH2) values. The effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and BH2 behavior of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase (DP) steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicated that the martensite morphology exhibited less variation when the DP steel was overaged at 250–350°C. However, when the DP steel was overaged at 400°C, numerous non-martensite and carbide particles formed and yield-point elongation was observed in the tensile curve. When the overaging temperature was increased from 250 to 400°C, the yield strength increased from 272 to 317 MPa, the tensile strength decreased from 643 to 574 MPa, and the elongation increased from 27.8% to 30.6%. Furthermore, with an increase in overaging temperature from 250 to 400°C, the BH2 value initially increases and then decreases. The maximum BH2 value of 83 MPa was observed for the specimen overaged at 350°C.     

铁素体不锈钢热轧板材的拉伸行为和断裂特征

用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、SEM手段研究2种铁素体不锈钢热轧板材0.04C-16Cr、0.02C-12Cr在室温下的拉伸行为和断裂特征.结果表明,这2种铁素体不锈钢的强度高,但塑性较差;C、Cr含量较低的0.02C-12Cr钢的强度、硬度均较0.04C-16Cr的高,这是由于0.02C-12Cr在空冷过程中产生了大量的马氏体;2种钢室温下都为韧性断裂,其断口微观形貌主要为细小韧窝聚集,沿轧制方向分布的条带组织中存在细小的碳化物颗粒,成为韧窝的发源地;部分断口出现了分层和侧向开裂现象.分析其断口形貌、断裂过程和组织特征,可知沿着轧制方向分布的条带组织致使材料表现出上述力学行为和断裂特征.     

Influence of rapid heating process on the microstructure and tensile properties of high-strength ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel

Three low-carbon dual-phase (DP) steels with almost constant martensite contents of 20vol%were produced by intercritical an-nealing at different heating rates and soaking temperatures. Microstructures prepared at low temperature (1043 K, FH1) with fast-heating (300 K/s) show banded ferrite/martensite structure, whereas those soaked at high temperature (1103 K, FH2) with fast heating reveal blocky martensite uniformly distributed in the fine-grained ferrite matrix. Their mechanical properties were tested under tensile conditions and compared to a slow-heated (5 K/s) reference material (SH0). The tensile tests indicate that for a given martensite volume fraction, the yield strength and total elongation values are noticeably affected by the refinement of ferrite grains and the martensite morphology. Metallographic observations reveal the formation of microvoids at the ferrite/martensite interface in the SH0 and FH2 samples, whereas microvoids nucleate via the fracture of banded martensite particles in the FH1 specimen. In addition, analyses of the work-hardening behaviors of the DP micro-structures using the differential Crussard–Jaoul technique demonstrate two stages of work hardening for all samples.     

轧后冷速对Q500GJE钢组织和拉伸性能的影响

为了开发Q500GJE高性能超高层建筑用钢,利用Gleeble热/力学模拟、扫描电镜、透射电镜、背散射电子衍射、着色腐蚀金相等方法研究了轧后控冷冷速对TMCP交货低屈强比(≤0.80)Q500GJE钢组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢在冷速5~25℃/s的范围内,形成由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体以及M-A岛构成的混合组织。随着轧后冷速的提高,针状铁素体数量减少,粒状贝氏体数量增多,晶粒发生细化,位错密度升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度升高;随着轧后冷速的适当降低,硬相M-A岛的含量增加,尺寸增大,屈强比下降,应变硬化量增加。拉伸性能满足低屈强比Q500GJE钢要求的轧后控冷冷速是15~20℃/s。     

一种超高强度钢组织性能的研究

通过力学测试、金相、扫描电镜观察等方法研究了不同淬火温度下一种淬火 低温回火超高强度钢的组织性能,系统的探讨了未溶相与淬火温度的关系。结果表明：钢采用低于950℃的淬火温度,组织中存在大量未溶碳化物,当温度高于1010℃时,未溶碳化物基本溶解,马氏体板条束明显粗化,对钢的力学性能有害,适宜的淬火温度为1010℃。     

氯盐腐蚀钢绞线的受拉性能退化特征

通过制作专门的掺盐混凝土试件获取腐蚀钢绞线试样,然后通过静力拉伸试验研究了腐蚀钢绞线的受拉性能退化特征.结果表明:含氯盐混凝土中钢绞线具有典型的坑蚀形态特征;坑蚀引起钢绞线钢丝脆性断口的比例增大;由于坑蚀钢绞线中各钢丝的蚀坑形状、尺寸以及分布不同,使得其在静力拉伸时出现了各钢丝不同步断裂的现象;受蚀坑应力集中效应及截面削弱效应的影响,钢绞线的最大承拉力和极限平均应变出现了显著降低:在0～0.85%的腐蚀率水平下,前者约降低了9%～23%,后者约降低了50%～80%;但在上述腐蚀率水平下,钢绞线的名义弹性模量未出现明显降低.     

第三代汽车钢的热塑性及断裂机理

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对第三代汽车钢(TG钢)在不同的变形温度下进行了热拉伸试验,研究其热塑性的变化.运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了实验钢热变形的断口形貌及断裂机理.发现实验钢的强度随温度的升高而降低,热塑性曲线分为第Ⅰ脆性区、高温塑性区和第Ⅲ脆性区三个区域,其中第Ⅲ脆性区存在两个塑性极小值.在1300～800℃时实验钢的组织为奥氏体,断裂方式为连孔延性断裂,动态再结晶使韧窝分离前发生了较大的塑性变形,断口为大而深的韧窝;750℃时实验钢沿奥氏体晶界析出铁素体,断裂方式为界面断裂,断口既存在着铁素体内聚失效形成的小的孔洞,也存在由于裂纹沿奥氏体晶界扩展形成的石块状形貌;650℃由于出现了铁素体的准解理,实验钢的塑性下降,热塑性曲线再次出现极小值.     

骨料含量对混凝土拉伸徐变等性能影响的试验研究

通过试验研究骨料含量对混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和自收缩的影响,结果表明:混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度在1d龄期时,受骨料含量的影响较小;骨料含量在55%~70%的范围内,混凝土3,7,14,28d龄期时的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉在随着骨料含量的增加而逐渐增加,骨料含量在70%增加到75%时,混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度随着骨料含量的增加而逐渐减小;混凝土的拉伸徐变的变形随骨料含量的增加而增大;混凝土的自收缩随着骨料含量的增加而逐渐减小。     

双相不锈钢热老化前后拉伸变形行为的电子背散射衍射表征

通过电子背散射衍射实验分析方法,研究变形量和热老化因素对双相不锈钢的拉伸性能、相边界、局部应变分布、重位点阵特殊晶界和取向分布的影响。研究结果表明：热老化后,双相不锈钢的强度提高,韧性降低;在大变形条件下铁素体晶粒内小角度晶界的数量和密度略有增加;热老化材料的铁素体的塑性变形和局部应变能力下降,大变形破坏初始奥氏体和铁素体以及∑3孪晶边界的分布。     

氮含量对0Cr16Ni5Mo马氏体不锈钢高温热变形行为影响

采用Gleeble3800试验机对三种不同N含量的0Cr16Ni5Mo马氏体不锈钢进行等温热压缩实验.通过对真应变-应力曲线及压缩后变形组织的观察,发现相同热变形条件下,N含量的增加提高了试验钢的流变应力,抑制了再结晶晶粒长大.采用Zener-Hollomon参数,以流变应力方程为基础,构建三种本构模型.通过观察拟合应力值与实验值的离散性,确定双曲正弦模型更适用于本试验钢的本构方程计算,优化此计算模型,获得了三种试验钢的本构方程.     

原位观察MnS对非调质钢拉伸性能各向异性的影响

利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜原位观察S质量分数为0.065%的非调质钢纵向与横向拉伸过程中MnS的行为,研究MnS形貌与分布对非调质钢各向异性的影响.原位观察表明锻后钢中存在大量长条形MnS,横向与纵向拉伸过程中MnS长度方向与拉力方向取向不同.横向拉伸过程中MnS更易与基体分离产生裂纹,裂纹随MnS长度方向扩展长大,最终导致基体的断裂. MnS在纵向拉伸时不易与基体分离,因此对纵向拉伸性能影响较小.钢中群聚分布的MnS有利于裂纹的聚合长大,会促进基体的断裂.     

Effect of electroslag remelting on carbides in 8Cr13MoV martensitic stainless steel

The effect of electroslag remelting (ESR) on carbides in 8Cr13MoV martensitic stainless steel was experimentally studied. Phases precipitated from liquid steel during solidification were calculated using the Thermo-Calc software. The carbon segregation was analyzed by original position analysis (OPA), and the carbides were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that more uniform carbon distribution and less segregation were obtained in the case of samples subjected to the ESR process. After ESR, the amount of netty carbides decreased significantly, and the chromium and vanadium contents in the grain-boundary carbides was reduced. The total area and average size of carbides were obviously smaller after the ESR process. In the sample subjected to ESR, the morphology of carbides changed from lamellar and angular to globular or lump, whereas the types of carbides did not change; both M₂₃C₆ and M₇C₃ were present before and after the ESR process.     

镍元素对304不锈钢阳极行为的影响

采用电化学测试技术，探讨了Ｎｉ元素对３０４不锈钢阳极行为的影响。结果表明金元素Ｎｉ的加入，可提高不锈钢的钝化能力和阻滞阳极活性溶解过程。通过ＸＰＳ表面分析发现，在膜中Ｎｉ以ＮｉＯ的形式存在。由于ＮｉＯ参与了成膜过程，改变了表面电化学行为，提高了膜的稳定性。     

双相不锈钢与微合金钢异金属焊接接头的组织及性能

采用ER2209焊丝对双相不锈钢SAF2205与微合金管线钢X65进行熔化极气体保护焊接,获得了具有良好力学性能的异种钢焊接接头.焊接接头不同区域显微组织观察和成分分析表明,微合金钢与不锈钢焊缝间存在异金属熔合区和第二类边界线,熔合区存在Ni、Cr的浓度梯度分布,且硬度高于两侧的焊缝和母材.通过宏观拉伸、缺口拉伸和低温冲击实验测试了焊接接头的力学性能,并获得了接头不同部位在1mol.L-1NaCl溶液中的极化曲线.拉伸试样断裂发生于强度相对较低的微合金钢母材.焊缝金属的缺口拉伸强度和冲击韧性均略低于双相不锈钢母材,但腐蚀电位略高于母材.微合金钢热影响区与母材力学性能相当,腐蚀电位略高于母材.     

Effect of H2S concentration on the corrosion behavior of pipeline steel under the coexistence of H2S and CO2

The effect of H2S concentration on H2S/CO2 corrosion of API-X60 steel was studied by scanning electron microscopy, a weight-loss method, potentiodynamic polarization tests, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. It is found that the cor-rosion process of the steel in an environment where H2S and CO2 coexist at different H2S concentrations is related to the morphological structure and stability of the corrosion product film. With the addition of a small amount of H2S, the size of the anode reaction region is de-creased due to constant adsorption and separation of more FeS sediment or more FeHS＋ions on the surface of the steel. Meanwhile, the dou-ble-layer capacitance is diminished with increasing anion adsorption capacity. Therefore, the corrosion process is inhibited. The general cor-rosion rate of the steel rapidly decreases after the addition of a small amount of H2S under the coexistence of H2S and CO2. With a further increase in H2S concentration, certain parts of the corrosion product film become loose and even fall off. Thus, the protection provided by the corrosion product film worsens, and the corrosion rate tends to increase.     

高强度钢板方盒形件拉深粘模行为

采用方盒形件拉深成形的方法,对高强度钢板SPFC590在干摩擦和半干摩擦条件下的拉深粘模行为进行研究.选用的模具材料分为2类:一类为无涂层模具SKD11,SLD和等温淬火球墨铸铁ADI;另一类为以SKD11为基体的涂层模具TiCN(PVD),TiCN(CVD),TiC(CVD)和DLC.Si(DC-PACVD).采用无涂层模具时,在半干摩擦条件下仅少数几次拉深就出现宏观粘模现象,模具上粘模产生的位置位于凹模直边底部附近,而没有出现在凹模圆角处,并随着拉深次数的增加向上扩展;拉深工件上粘模产生的位置则位于工件项部的直边和圆角部分连接处,并随着拉深的进行向下扩展;涂层模具经120次拉深后均未发生明显的粘模,但TiCN(PVD)和TiCN(CVD)涂层模具在凹模底部附近出现了微观粘着物;TiCN(CVD)和DLC-Si(DC-PACVD)涂层模具拉深1 000次后均未出现明显粘模现象,但TiCN(CVD)涂层模具上出现了微观粘着物,而DLC-Si(DC-PACVD)涂层模具上没有任何粘着物产生.     

快速凝固Al-Li合金的拉伸性能及微观机制

对不同的热处理条件下不同挤压比成型的快速凝固 Al- L i合金的拉伸性能进行了对比研究 ,通过电子透镜和扫描断口分析表明 ,Al- Li合金是一种近乎脆断的断裂方式 ,其原因是 δ′相 (Al3L i)和 S′相(Al2 Cu Mg)不能很好地匹配