连续柱状晶组织BFe10-1-1合金的电化学腐蚀性能

采用线性极化、电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法研究了连续柱状晶组织BFe10-1-1合金在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能,并与普通铸造多晶组织BFe10-1-1合金进行了对比.极化曲线测试结果表明,两种合金具有相似的电化学行为,极化曲线都包括活性溶解区、活化-钝化转变区和极限电流区,但连续柱状晶组织合金腐蚀速率小于普通铸造多晶组织合金,主要是由于连续柱状晶组织BFe10-1-1合金的微观偏析程度较小,能有效避免枝晶间局部腐蚀的发生.电化学阻抗谱测试结果也表明,该合金的电荷传递电阻和腐蚀产物膜电阻均大于普通铸造多晶组织合金,具有更高的耐蚀性.     

高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织的形变、再结晶行为及磁性能

采用电子背散射衍射技术对高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织直接热轧、温轧、冷轧和退火组织及织构演变进行分析,并测定相应退火板的磁性能.该实验条件下组织与织构演变规律体现了表层剪切细小组织和中心层粗大组织的竞争关系,其中中心层组织与原始立方取向相关或表现为α线取向.柱状晶的影响在最终退火组织中仍存在,少量立方取向区域可遗传到最终退火板中,虽然没有大量出现,仍有效削弱了{111}织构.形变退火过程中与原始立方取向线有关的晶粒尺寸普遍较大,有利于磁性.样品最终的磁感应强度低于文献报导的强{120}〈001〉或{100}〈021〉织构样品,但高于普通无取向高硅钢,且轧向和横向磁感应强度值差异小,所以柱状晶组织有利于无取向高硅钢的制备.     

镁合金AZ31动态再结晶行为的取向成像分析

利用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)取向成像技术分析了具有不同初始织构的镁合金AZ31动态再结晶晶粒的取向特征以及与相邻的形变晶粒的取向关系.结果表明:不同初始织构以及不同应变量下动态再结晶新晶粒与形变晶粒的取向都相近,说明动态再结晶以连续方式进行,即亚晶转动方式.随形变量的增加,不同初始织构试样的晶粒都转向基面取向,但菊池带衬度图像显示大的形变晶粒内部很少有亚晶界存在并且菊池带质量高,说明塑性滑移机制仍在起很大作用但在靠近晶界处发生,形变晶粒是通过平行于压缩面方向剪切晶界而逐渐消失的.动态再结晶晶粒与相邻形变晶粒的取向差表明不同初始织构造成不同的取向差,但总的趋势是相同的.     

异步轧制对AZ31镁合金静态再结晶及晶粒细化的影响

研究了AZ31镁合金薄板在异步轧制过程中,异速比、压下率及退火工艺对其退火晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:适当提高轧制异速比和道次压下率能够显著细化晶粒,但是异速比过高时,轧辊与轧件会产生相对滑动,细化晶粒效果降低,其中异速比为1.3时,细化晶粒效果最佳;剪切作用使镁合金中孪晶数量及分布均匀程度提高,位错缠结被"切碎",畸变能得以更均匀地分布于变形体内,是异步轧制具有良好晶粒细化效果的主要原因;此外,合理的异步轧制工艺还能缩短镁合金板带所需的中间退火和成品退火时间.     

Effects of Fe content on the microstructure and properties of CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM horizontal continuous casting

Heating-cooling combined mold (HCCM) horizontal continuous casting technology developed by our research group was used to produce high axial columnar-grained CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes with different Fe contents. The effects of Fe content (1.08wt%–2.01wt%) on the microstructure, segregation, and flushing corrosion resistance in simulated flowing seawater as well as the mechanical properties of the alloy tubes were investigated. The results show that when the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the segregation degree of Ni and Fe elements increases, and the segregation coefficient of Ni and Fe elements falls from 0.92 to 0.70 and from 0.92 to 0.63, respectively. With increasing Fe content, the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases initially and then increases. When the Fe content is 1.83wt%, the corrosion rate approaches the minimum and dense, less-defect corrosion films, which contain rich Ni and Fe elements, form on the surface of the alloy; these films effectively protect the α-matrix and reduce the corrosion rate. When the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the tensile strength of the alloy tube increases from 204 MPa to 236 MPa, while the elongation to failure changes slightly about 46%, indicating the excellent workability of the CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes.     

变形温度对动态再结晶行为的影响

用改进的元胞自动机(cellular automata,CA)模型及其参数辨识方法研究变形温度对动态再结晶(dynamic recrystallization,DRX)行为的影响.模型中,以位错密度内变量描述加工硬化、动态回复以及动态再结晶形核和长大等一系列微观组织的演化过程,变形温度通过改变位错密度的累积速率影响DRX形核与长大,形核率与晶粒长大速度都是位错密度的函数,反映了变形储能对DRX行为尤其是形核行为的影响.模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好,表明在不同的变形温度下,改进的CA模型及其参数辨识方法是有效的.     

稀土Er对ZK60镁合金变形行为的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机研究了稀土元素Er对ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为的影响。通过引入Zener-Hollomon参数和双曲正弦函数构建了ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er镁合金的本构方程,同时采用应变硬化率θ-流变应力σ关系曲线确定动态再结晶发生的临界应力σc值。结果表明:ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er两种镁合金在热压缩变形过程中,随着变形温度T的升高,压缩流变应力σ值均减小;随着应变速率ε?的增加,流变应力σ值均增加。添加稀土元素Er使得ZK60镁合金热压缩变形流变应力σ值和应力指数n值增加,在变形温度为160~320℃时提高了发生动态再结晶的临界应力σc值,稀土相的存在促进了再结晶晶粒的形核,降低了平均变形激活能Qˉ值。     

Effects of aging treatment on the microstructure and superelasticity of columnar-grained Cu<Subscript>71</Subscript>Al<Subscript>18</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>11</Subscript> shape memory alloy

The effect of aging treatment on the superelasticity and martensitic transformation critical stress in columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ shape memory alloy (SMA) at the temperature ranging from 250°C to 400°C was investigated. The microstructure evolution during the aging treatment was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the plate-like bainite precipitates distribute homogeneously within austenitic grains and at grain boundaries. The volume fraction of bainite increases with the increase in aging temperature and aging time, which substantially improves the martensitic transformation critical stress of the alloy, whereas the bainite only slightly affects the superelasticity. This behavior is attributed to a coherent relationship between the bainite and the austenite, as well as to the bainite and the martensite exhibiting the same crystal structure. The variations of the martensitic transformation critical stress and the superelasticity of columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ SMA with aging temperature and aging time are described by the Austin–Rickett equation, where the activation energy of bainite precipitation is 77.2 kJ·mol?1. Finally, a columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ SMA with both excellent superelasticity (5%–9%) and high martensitic transformation critical stress (443–677 MPa) is obtained through the application of the appropriate aging treatments.     

预析出对冷轧3003铝合金析出行为及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响

通过电阻法、光学显微镜观察、扫描电子显微镜观察以及能谱分析, 研究预析出对冷轧3003铝合金析出行为及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响. 研究结果表明： 3003铝合金经610 ℃/36 h均匀化接着经480 ℃/10 h预析出处理后, 晶粒内析出大量含Mn的第二相粒子, 降低了固溶体中的Mn含量, 从而降低了合金冷轧后再结晶退火时的析出驱动力, 其析出温度比未经预析出合金的温度提高了约50 ℃. 在最后的再结晶退火过程中, 在再结晶基体上第二次析出的弥散粒子与预析出的粒子共同阻碍了再结晶晶粒的长大, 从而获得了晶粒细小的再结晶组织.     

热力处理对Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率的影响

对变形量为30%的冷轧Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金进行热力实验,对静态再结晶动力学模型Avrami方程系数进行回归,得出Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金静态再结晶模型,研究保温时间、退火温度和加载力对其静态再结晶软化率的影响。结果表明,影响Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率的因素主次顺序为:保温时间,退火温度,加载力;相同加载力和保温时间条件下,退火温度越高,Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率越高;Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率增长速率随保温时间延长而快速增大,当保温时间增至60s时,再结晶软化率的增长速率渐趋缓慢。     

Effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging

The effect of dislocation structure evolution on low-angle grain boundary formation in 7050 aluminum alloy during aging was studied by using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction analysis of misorientation angle distribution, cumulative misorientation and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density. Experimental results indicate that coarse spindle-shaped grains with the dimension of 200 μm×80 μm separate into fine equiaxed grains of 20 μm in size as a result of newborn low-angle grain boundaries formed during the aging process. More specifically, the dislocation arrays, which are rearranged and formed due to scattered dislocations during earlier quenching, transform into low-angle grain boundaries with aging time. The relative frequency of 3°-5° low-angle grain boundaries increases to over 30%. The GND density, which describes low-angle grain boundaries with the misorientation angle under 3°, tends to decrease during initial aging. The inhomogeneous distribution of GNDs is affected by grain orientation. A decrease in GND density mainly occurs from 1.83×1013 to 4.40×1011 m-2 in grains with 〈111〉 fiber texture. This is consistent with a decrease of unit cumulative misorientation. Precipitation on grain boundaries and the formation of a precipitation free zone (PFZ) are facilitated due to the eroding activity of the Graff etchant. Consequently, low-angle grain boundaries could be readily viewed by optical microscopy due to an increase in their electric potential difference.     

Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢热变形过程的动态再结晶动力学及影响因素

采用Thermorestor-W热模拟试验机,对Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢进行热压缩试验,研究其在变形温度950～1 200℃,应变速率0.01～2.5s-1条件下的动态再结晶行为.当变形温度高于1 000℃后,Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢的变形以动态再结晶为主,且随温度升高,峰值应力对应的应变减小.利用应变硬化率-应力曲线确定的材料动态再结晶临界应力σc、峰值应力σp、饱和应力σss(e)和稳态应力σs的数值,回归得到临界动态再结晶应变εc与Zener-Hollomon参数的关系,并确定临界应力与峰值应力的关系.通过建立Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢的热变形动态再结晶Avrami模型,分析应变速率和变形温度对Avrami曲线的影响,表明应变速率比温度对Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢的动态再结晶Avrami曲线的影响更加显著.     

Effect of the microstructure of Al 7050-T7451 on anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid

The effect of the microstructure of an Al 7050-T7451 substrate on the anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid was studied in this article. The microstructure of the substrate was assessed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface and cross-section morphologies of the oxide films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of intermetallic particles in the alloys and films was investigated using energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). The roles of intermetallic phases and grain or subgrain boundaries on the oxide film formation were researched using the potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization technique in sulfuric acid solution. The results show that the transition of coarse intermetallic particles or grain (subgrain) boundaries at the surface of Al alloys can be characterized by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The surface and cross-section micrographs of the anodic layer seem to preserve the microstructure of the substrate. Large cavities in the anodic films are caused by the preferential dissolution of coarse AItCuMg particles and the entrance of Cu-rich remnants into the electrolyte during anodizing. The Al₇Cu₂Fe particles tend to be occluded in the oxide layer or lose from the oxide surface because of peripheral trenching. Small pores in the films are induced by the dissolution of precipitates in grain or subgrain boundaries. The film surface of recrystallized grain bodies is smooth and homogeneous.     

Effect of SrCO3 addition on the dynamic compressive strength of ZTA

Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics;thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO3 into zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl12O19 (SA6) phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO3. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load;these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the KIC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not en-hanced because of the increase in porosity;in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO3.     

Al对Cu-20Ni-19Fe合金微观组织和高温抗氧化性能的影响

为了解决Cu-Ni-Fe惰性阳极在铝电解过程中高温抗氧化性能差的问题,采用真空熔炼法制备不同Al含量的Cu-20Ni-19Fe-xAl(x〈0％,6％,8％,10％,质量分数,下同)合金,于850℃和1.013×105 Pa氧分压下进行高温氧化实验,氧化时间为100 h,研究Al添加量对合金微观组织结构及高温氧化性能的...     

SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.     

喷丸及退火处理对1Cr18Ni9Ti合金抗高温氧化性能的影响

研究了经过喷丸处理及400℃退火处理的1Cr18Ni9Ti合金试样在900℃空气中的循环氧化性能。经SEM,EDS分析及氧化动力学研究发现:喷丸处理虽然促进了铬的选择性氧化,但却使合金表面的压应力增大,所形成的氧化膜的抗剥落性能也不好;退火处理不仅使喷丸试样表面的应力得以消除,并且起到了低温预氧化的作用。经过退火处理的合金表面形成了附着性良好的选择性氧化铬膜,其氧化增重与氧化膜剥落量下降,起到了很好的保护作用,提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

热处理气氛对Nd10Fe79Zr1Co4B6合金相组成和磁性能的影响

研究了热处理气氛对快淬Nd10Fe79Zr1Co4B6合金相组成和磁性能的影响.结果表明:Nd10Fe79Zr1Co4B6快淬合金薄带在热处理时通入氮气会发生吸氮反应,相结构由纯氩气热处理时的Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe两相组织转变为Nd2Fe14B、NdBN2和α-Fe三相组织,且随着氮气分压的提高,热处理后样品中α-Fe相和NdBN2相的体积分数逐渐增多.Nd10Fe79Zr1Co4B6样品的剩磁Br、内禀矫顽力iHc和最大磁能积(BH)m ax随着热处理时氮气分压的提高而下降.