一类Sparre Andersen风险模型的破产前盈余及相关问题

在索赔时间间隔为广义Erlang(n)分布的Sparre Andersen风险模型中,文章给出了破产前最大盈余的分布所满足的积分-微分方程及其边界条件。     

关于Erlang(n)风险过程的破产概率

考虑一个连续时间的风险模型,其中索赔时间间隔服从Erlang(n)分布,而且风险过程的调节系数不存在,本文给出了破产概率的渐近估计.     

一类Sparre Andersen模型的破产问题

主要研究了一类索赔时间间隔为指数分布和Erlang(n)分布混合的Sparre Andersen的风险模型，并得到了此模型的罚金折现期望所满足的一个积分一微分方程．     

Erlang(n)风险模型下破产时和破产前索赔次数的联合密度（英文）

研究了Erlang(n)风险模型下当索赔服从无穷可分分布时破产时和破产前索赔次数的联合密度表达式,并利用2个例子来加以说明.例1考虑了古典模型,得出的结论与Dickson(2012)一致,验证了本文方法的正确性.例2考虑了Erlang(2)模型下索赔服从Gamma分布的联合密度,说明了本文的新应用.     

Erlang(2)模型在多发点过程上的推广的G-S函数

对古典风险模型进行了变形和推广,假定模型发生的一次跳对应多次索赔,且索赔时间间隔服从Erlang(2)分布,给出了变形后模型的Gerber-Shiu函数.     

在Sparre Andersen模型中破产前发生的理赔次数

研究在Sparre Andersen模型中保险公司破产前发生的理赔次数,这里理赔时间间隔服从Erlang(2)分布;令p(u;n)表示破产前发生n次理赔的概率,(s;n)表示p(u;n)的拉普拉斯变换,给出了(s,n)的递推公式,由此运用Mathematics等数学软件可以算出p(u;n).     

Erlang(2)模型在多发点过程上的推广模型在破产T时刻的矩

对古典风险模型进行了变形和推广,假定模型发生的一次“跳”对应多次索赔,且索赔时间间隔服从Erlang(2)分布,给出了破产Ｔ时刻的矩的表达形式.     

一类双险种相关风险模型中折现罚金函数

考虑了两类索赔相关风险过程.把相关的两类索赔计数过程通过模型转换为两类独立的Poisson-Geometric和广义Erlang(n)过程.得到了此模型的折现罚金函数的积分微分方程,并且通过对罚金函数的拉普拉斯变换给出罚金函数的精确表达式.     

带扰动的两类相关索赔风险模型的折现罚金函数

考虑带扰动的两类相关索赔风险过程.把相关的两类索赔计数过程通过模型转换为独立的Poisson-Geometric和广义Erlang(n)计数过程.得到了此模型的折现罚金函数的积分微分方程和该模型的折现罚金函数的Laplace变换,并且当相关两类索赔的密度函数的Laplace变换为有理函数时,给出了折现罚金函数的具体表达式.     

复合二项风险模型中的Z变换

讨论z变换在风险模型中的应用,先求出复合二项风险模型中一类泛函ψ(u;w),以及特殊情形下ψ(u)和f(u,x)的Z变换,再得出ψ(0)和f(0,x)的表达式,然后求出阶梯高度L1的Z变换,最后在复合二项风险模型索赔个体服从几何分布时,得到其最终生存概率的具体表达式,所得结果与已知结果是相同的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the