混凝土材料三维弹塑性本构模型

非线性统一强度准则将材料的强度特性分解为4个相互独立的因素,由4个材料参数分别描述,在主应力空间内的强度面连续光滑,存在连续的偏导数.本文将非线性统一强度准则作为屈服函数,以塑性剪应变的函数作为硬化/软化参数,硬化/软化函数参考单轴压缩条件下的应力应变关系给出,建立了混凝土材料的非线性统一弹塑性本构模型.通过混凝土材料单轴、双轴和三轴试验结果对本构模型的验证,以及偏心受压构件试验结果对数值模拟结果的验证表明,所建立的非线性统一弹塑性本构模型可较好地描述混凝土材料的三维变形与强度特性,并可反映应变软化特性,将模型用于数值计算时易于获得收敛解,且具有较高的精确度和计算效率.     

混凝土材料非线性多轴动态强度准则

将广义非线性强度理论的4个材料参数转化为混凝土材料的基本强度参数,通过混凝土材料的基本强度特性,分析了4个材料参数的变化规律与取值范围.基于S准则建立了混凝土材料4个基本强度参数的率效应表达式,建立了混凝土材料的非线性多轴动态强度准则,分析了动态强度参数的率效应规律,结果表明,混凝土材料的强度特性随着应变率的提高,逐渐向金属材料的强度特性过渡,在应变率从-3~3,应变率对混凝土动态强度的影响较大,并且动强度不是随着应变率的提高无限增大的,而是存在动强度峰值.通过与3组双轴压-压和2组双轴拉-压动态加载时混凝土材料试验结果的比较,表明非线性多轴动态强度准则可较好地描述混凝土材料双轴动强度规律.在同一应变率下,可较好地描述强度的非线性特性;不同应变率下,动强度面互不相交,即应变率效应与多轴应力状态对强度规律不存在耦合影响.     

Dielectric tunable properties of BaTi_4O_9-doped Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3 microwave composite ceramics

BaTi4O9-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST) composite ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction and their structure,dielectric nonlinear characteristics and microwave dielectric properties were investigated.The secondary phase of the orthorhombic structure Ba4Ti13O30 is formed among BST composite ceramics with the increase of BaTi4O9.At the same time,a duplex or bimodal grains size distribution shows fine grains in a coarse grain matrix.The degree of frequency dispersion of dielectric permittivity below Tm is increased initially and then decreased with respect to BaTi4O9.As the BaTi4O9 content increases,the tunability of composite ceramics decreases,while the Q value increases.Interestingly,70 wt%BaTi4O9-doped BST has a tunability～4.0%(under 30 kV/cm biasing) versus a permittivity～68 and quality factor ～134.1(at～3.2 GHz) .     

Seeking representations of phenomena: Phenomenological models

A distinction is made between theory-driven and phenomenological models. It is argued that phenomenological models are significant means by which theory is applied to phenomena. They act both as sources of knowledge of their target systems and are explanatory of the behaviors of the latter. A version of the shell-model of nuclear structure is analyzed and it is explained why such a model cannot be understood as being subsumed under the theory structure of Quantum Mechanics. Thus its representational capacity does not stem from its close link to theory. It is shown that the shell model yields knowledge about the target and is explanatory of certain behaviors of nuclei. Aspects of the process by which the shell model acquires its representational capacity are analyzed. It is argued that these point to the conclusion that the representational status of the model is a function of its capacity to function as a source of knowledge and its capacity to postulate and explain underlying mechanisms that give rise to the observed behavior of its target.     

Functional significance of the lipid-protein interface in photosynthetic membranes

The functional significance of the lipid-protein interface in photosynthetic membranes, mainly in thylakoids, is reviewed with emphasis on membrane structure and dynamics. The lipid-protein interface is identified primarily by the restricted molecular dynamics of its lipids as compared with the dynamics in the bulk lipid phase of the membrane. In a broad sense, lipid-protein interfaces comprise solvation shell lipids that are weakly associated with the hydrophobic surface of transmembrane proteins but also include lipids that are strongly and specifically bound to membrane proteins or protein assemblies. The relation between protein-associated lipids and the overall fluidity of the thylakoid membrane is discussed. Spin label electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy has been identified as the technique of choice to characterize the protein solvation shell in its highly dynamic nature; biochemical and direct structural methods have revealed an increasing number of protein-bound lipids. The structural and functional roles of these protein-bound lipids are mustered, but in most cases they remain to be determined. As suggested by recent data, the interaction of the non-bilayer-forming lipid, monogalactosyldyacilglycerol (MGDG), with the main light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein complexes of photosystem-II (LHCII), the most abundant lipid and membrane protein components on earth, play multiple structural and functional roles in developing and mature thylakoid membranes. A brief outlook to future directions concludes this review.     

一种高速铁路无砟轨道混凝土结构疲劳损伤模型

基于连续损伤力学理论和边界面概念,建立了高速铁路无砟轨道混凝土结构在循环荷载作用下的疲劳损伤模型.模型在主坐标系中采用了拉压两个边界面,根据加载面与极限断裂面、边界面之间的位置关系来计算高速铁路无砟轨道混凝土结构在复杂应力状态下的损伤,并由累积损伤与应变能释放率之间的关系确定循环加载中极限断裂面的变化规律.通过将该理论模型嵌入有限元软件ABAQUS的用户材料子程序UMAT,与同类模型进行比较验证了模型的可行性.最后对高速铁路双块式无砟轨道支承层进行了循环动荷载作用下的疲劳累积损伤分析.结果表明该模型不仅能够较好地反映支承层在循环荷载作用下疲劳损伤非线性演变规律,还可以展现其疲劳损伤分布形态的全过程,为研究高速铁路无砟轨道混凝土结构的疲劳损伤与寿命预测,提供了可行的理论分析方法.     

胶凝面板堆石坝优化设计

采用非线性数学规划法对胶凝面板堆石坝进行断面优化设计,建立了以大坝的关键几何尺寸为设计变量,以造价为目标函数,以坝体稳定、应力、应力水平及几何尺寸为约束条件的优化设计数学模型,并采用罚函数法求解此优化模型。与原设计方案比较,优化设计方案的堆石方量少、造价低。与普通面板堆石坝相比,胶凝面板堆石坝的优化方案坝坡可以更陡,堆石方量更少、造价更低,且满足应力、稳定的约束条件,得到的断面安全可靠、经济合理。     

无线终端网络配置的图形用户界面设计与实现

根据目前宽带无线移动终端的发展所提出的新要求,针对用户较为关心的图形界面系统,提出并设计了一套基于ARMLinux嵌入式系统的网络配置的图形用户界面,旨在配置具有自主知识产权的IEEE802．11g无线网卡芯片。运行测试表明,该界面具有占用资源少、性能稳定可靠、便于移植等特点。     

Bifurcation and chaos of the bladed overhang rotor system with squeeze film dampers

To study the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the bladed overhang rotor system with squeeze film damper (SFD),a blade-overhang rotor-SFD model is formulated using the lumped mass method and the Lagrange approach.The cavitated short bearing model is employed to describe the nonlinear oil force of the SFD.To reduce the scale of the nonlinear coupling system,a set of orthogonal transformations is employed to decouple the one nodal diameter equations of blades,which are coupled with the dynamical equations of the ...     

A tale of tails: deciphering the contribution of terminal tails to the biochemical properties of two Dps proteins from Streptomyces coelicolor

Dps proteins are members of an extensive family of proteins that oxidise and deposit iron in the form of ferric oxide, and are also able to bind DNA. Ferroxidation centres are formed at the interface of anti-parallel dimers, which further assemble into dodecameric nanocages with a hollow core where ferric oxide is deposited. Streptomyces coelicolor encodes three Dps-like proteins (DpsA, B and C). Despite sharing the conserved four-helix bundle organisation observed in members of the Dps family, they display significant differences in the length of terminal extensions, or tails. DpsA possess both N- and C-terminal tails of different lengths, and their removal affects quaternary structure assembly to varying degrees. DpsC quaternary structure, on the other hand, is heavily dependent on its N-terminal tail as its removal abolishes correct protein folding. Analysis of the crystal structure of dodecamers from both proteins revealed remarkable differences in the position of tails and interface surface area; and provides insight to explain the differences in biochemical behaviour observed while comparing DpsA and DpsC.     

混凝土坝裂缝转异诊断的顺序典型小概率法

裂缝是混凝土坝不可避免的病害,其稳定与否是关系到混凝土坝结构安全的关键因素.基于裂缝开度与裂缝尖端张开位移之间的函数关系,提出了混凝土坝裂缝转异诊断的临界裂缝开度准则,并探讨了该准则所需的裂缝尖端张开位移和裂缝亚临界扩展量的确定方法.借助裂缝开度监控模型将临界裂缝开度准则进行转化,并与大坝安全监控中裂缝的原位监测资料-裂缝开度联系起来,建立了混凝土坝裂缝转异诊断的顺序典型小概率法.实例分析表明,顺序典型小概率法实现了临界裂缝开度准则在大坝安全监控中的具体应用,是合理可行的.     

路基上双块式无碴轨道道床板疲劳特性影响因素分析

以路基上双块式无碴轨道为研究对象,建立钢筋与混凝土纵向相互作用力学模型、双块式无碴轨道三维有限元静力学模型、列车-双块式无碴轨道垂向耦合动力学模型.根据轴向温度荷载、混凝土收缩荷载、温度梯度荷载及列车荷载作用下道床板混凝土及钢筋应力时程曲线,运用雨流计数法,得到耦合荷载作用下的应力谱.利用Miner线性疲劳累积损伤准则...     

Lysyl oxidase: an oxidative enzyme and effector of cell function

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) oxidizes the side chain of peptidyl lysine converting specific lysine residues to residues of alpha-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde. This posttranslational chemical change permits the covalent crosslinking of the component chains of collagen and those of elastin, thus stabilizing the fibrous deposits of these proteins in the extracellular matrix. Four LOX-like (LOXL) proteins with varying degrees of similarity to LOX have been described, constituting a family of related proteins. LOX is synthesized as a preproprotein which emerges from the cell as proLOX and then is processed to the active enzyme by proteolysis. In addition to elastin and collagen, LOX can oxidize lysine within a variety of cationic proteins, suggesting that its functions extend beyond its role in the stabilization of the extracellular matrix. Indeed, recent findings reveal that LOX and LOXL proteins markedly influence cell behavior including chemotactic responses, proliferation, and shifts between the normal and malignant phenotypes.     

基于线圆结构和LINGO的机器人避障路径选择

静态环境下机器人行走全局规划路径是机器人行走路径的核心问题。针对机器人在平面区域内绕过不同障碍到达目标点的最短路径和最短时间路径进行研究,通过线圆结构和非线性规划基本模型,建立绕单和多（五）个障碍点非线性规划模型,使用lingo软件和穷举法,得到了机器人避障最短路径、最短时间路径、各切点坐标和所需时间。     

基于能量标准的混凝土结构抗冲击设计

将冲击荷载分为软冲击和硬冲击,以受到软冲击作用的结构为研究对象,建立韧性设计方法的流程图。构思安全分析设计的思路,给出能量标准的安全系数概念,建立以能量标准对混凝土结构整体破坏进行安全校核的方法和准则,并以常见的混凝土板的冲击破坏为例,说明如何考虑破坏模式的影响。     

土壤有机质及其研究方法综述

土壤有机质为森林生态系统生产力构成的重要部分，是森林生态系统生物循环中的重要环节之一.综述土壤有机质的来源及其与土壤肥力的关系，分析了土壤有机质研究方法的历史、存在的问题及进展情况.森林凋落物、土壤生物及环境因素对土壤有机质含量有直接或间接的影响，同时，土壤有机质又与土壤物理、化学和生物性质密不可分.近年来，科研学者在沿用经典测定方法的基础上，采用了红外光谱、核磁共振和同位素示踪等一些先进方法对土壤有机质性质进行研究，取得了引人注目的进展.但由于土壤有机质结构复杂，长期以来对土壤有机质的结构、反应及其转化仍未能完全认识清楚。     

在非线性系统中的微观粒子的特性和非线性量子力学理论(下)

在非线性系统中由于存在着与粒子状态相关的非线性相互作用，微观粒子的状态和特征相对于线性系统而发生了很大变化。原有的线性型的量子力学理论不能很好地描述这些微观粒子的状态和特征。至此，必然要发展新的理论。本文研究了微观粒子在非线性作用下的运动特性和本性的变化，说明了在线性作用和非线性场中微观粒子的性质是明显不同的，启示我们必须建立微观粒子在非线性场中运动的新理论。接着我们研究了与微观量子效应迥然不同的宏观量子效应与非线性作用的孤立子运动的紧密关系，结合现代孤立子理论和超导与超流理论，我们首先提出了非线性量子力学的基本原理及在此基础上建立了系统、完整的非线性量子力学理论体系，并得到的一些新结论。最后我们还论证了这个理论的正确性和自洽性，它的运用范围以及它的重大意义。     

The career of continental drift theory: An application of Imre Lakatos' analysis of scientific growth to the rise of drift theory

The continental drift research programme reigns supreme within the geological community. The programme achieved its regal status only within the last decade. Its ascension to the summit took over fifty years, and required numerous switchbacks. Although its climb may seem haphazard, I argue that there is an overall rationale to its development which is partially elucidated by the account of scientific growth and change as put forth by Imre Lakatos. However, at least two alterations must be made in Lakatos' analysis. One concerns his analysis of ‘novel fact’, and the other is concerned with his thesis that the hard core of a research programme remains the same throughout the programme's lifetime. I consider and reject Elie Zahar's notion of ‘novel fact’, introduce an alternative notion of ‘novel fact’, and argue that Lakatos and his followers must abandon the thesis that a research programme's hard core is immune from change, but that they can do so without endangering Lakatos' overall account of scientific growth and change.     

Folding and assembly defects of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency-related variants in the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) bridges glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. In human, PDC deficiency leads to severe neurodevelopmental delay and progressive neurodegeneration. The majority of cases are caused by variants in the gene encoding the PDC subunit E1α. The molecular effects of the variants, however, remain poorly understood. Using yeast as a eukaryotic model system, we have studied the substitutions A189V, M230V, and R322C in yeast E1α (corresponding to the pathogenic variants A169V, M210V, and R302C in human E1α) and evaluated how substitutions of single amino acid residues within different functional E1α regions affect PDC structure and activity. The E1α A189V substitution located in the heterodimer interface showed a more compact conformation with significant underrepresentation of E1 in PDC and impaired overall PDC activity. The E1α M230V substitution located in the tetramer and heterodimer interface showed a relatively more open conformation and was particularly affected by low thiamin pyrophosphate concentrations. The E1α R322C substitution located in the phosphorylation loop of E1α resulted in PDC lacking E3 subunits and abolished overall functional activity. Furthermore, we show for the E1α variant A189V that variant E1α accumulates in the Hsp60 chaperonin, but can be released upon ATP supplementation. Our studies suggest that pathogenic E1α variants may be associated with structural changes of PDC and impaired folding of E1α.