糖蜜除氯树脂再生废液脱色研究

为研究糖蜜除氯树脂的再生废液脱色,采用40 mg/L硫酸铝和5 mg/L聚丙烯酰胺处理100 m L再生废液10~15 min,在酸化条件下用6 g/L活性炭沉淀吸附4 h,在少量亚铁离子下用1.0 m L双氧水氧化2 h,使用铂钴比色法测量了脱色前和脱色后溶液的色度,比较了各种脱色工艺的脱色率.研究结果表明:混凝沉淀-吸附剂吸附-物理化学催化氧化脱色的组合工艺脱色率较高,成本低且不会造成二次污染.     

地沟油为原料制备的深色生物柴油的氧化法脱色

使用双氧水氧化法对地沟油为原料制备的深色生物柴油进行脱色。研究了双氧水用量、温度、反应时间等操作条件对深色生物柴油脱色效果的影响,并对脱色前后生物柴油的一些理化性质进行分析。研究表明：深色生物柴油中加入质量为油重15%的双氧水（质量分数30%）,温度90℃,搅拌反应30min,脱色率可以达到82.2%。脱色处理后的生物柴油甲酯含量升高;酸值、水含量略有升高;甘油含量降低;密度、冷滤点、闪点等理化性质无明显变化。双氧水氧化法为一种可行的深色生物柴油脱色方法。     

甜玉米芯多糖脱色工艺研究

采用双氧水法对甜玉米芯多糖进行脱色研究,分别选H2O2用量、温度和时间进行单因素试验.在此基础上,研究三种因素对甜玉米芯脱色率及多糖损失率的影响.结果表明双氧水脱色的最佳条件:温度为40℃,添加量为40%,时间2 h.此条件下多糖溶液脱色率为60.21%,多糖保留率为77.69%.     

从五种天然色素提取废渣中分离果胶的初步研究

以紫甘薯、黑胡萝卜、甜菜黄、紫甘蓝和甜菜红5种色素提取废渣为原料,基于酸提醇沉的实验方法,比较了活性炭吸附、双氧水氧化及大孔树脂吸附3种脱色方法对果胶得率、酸不溶灰分含量及外观色泽的影响.研究结果表明:大孔树脂吸附脱色法效果最好,且经济;甜菜红废渣的粗提液颜色最深,需要采用大孔树脂吸附/双氧水氧化协同脱色法脱色;甜菜黄...     

不同活性炭对竹醋液的脱色脱臭应用研究

目的研究不同活性炭对竹醋原液及精馏液的脱色、脱臭最佳工艺。方法以单因素方法考察活性炭的脱色时间、温度、用量、pH值对竹醋原液和精馏液的脱色脱臭效果的影响。结果活性炭对竹醋原液的最佳脱色、脱臭工艺条件为:脱色时间40min,脱色温度50℃,单位体积竹醋液活性炭用量为14mg/mL;对竹醋精馏液的脱色、脱臭的最佳工艺条件为:脱色时间30min,脱色温度40℃,单位体积竹醋液活性炭用量4mg/mL。结论本试验工艺条件下3种活性炭的脱色脱臭效果为:竹醋原液:硬木活性炭杉木活性炭竹炭;竹醋精馏液:杉木活性炭硬木活性炭竹炭。     

芦笋多糖活性炭法脱色工艺

为优化芦笋多糖活性炭法脱色工艺条件,以综合吸附效应指数为考察目标,利用活性炭法进行芦笋多糖脱色,在单因素试验基础上,进行了均匀设计试验。结果表明,芦笋多糖活性炭法脱色的最佳工艺条件为脱色温度80℃,脱色时间60 min,活性炭的质量浓度25 g/L,溶液pH值7.0,该条件下综合吸附效应指数为68.24%,脱色率为67%,脱蛋白率为89%,多糖保留率为56%。     

沙葱多糖活性炭脱色工艺的研究

采用水提法提取沙葱多糖,研究了活性炭添加量、脱色时间和脱色温度对沙葱多糖脱色效果的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验确定了沙葱多糖活性碳脱色的最优工艺参数。结果表明,活性炭添加量对脱色效果的影响最大,其次为温度,再次为时间。最佳脱色条件为脱色温度80 ℃,活性碳添加量1.0%,吸附时间40 min,在此条件下,脱色率为93.25%,多糖损失率为18.79%。     

四氧化三铁-石墨烯复合芬顿催化剂用于染料脱色的研究

芬顿催化是污水处理中最常用的技术之一,但是传统芬顿试剂需要对水体进行酸化并造成大量亚铁离子浪费.本文用水合肼还原法制备了四氧化三铁-石墨烯复合芬顿催化剂(Fe3O4-G),测试其催化脱色甲烯蓝的活性.Fe3O4-G样品用透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和红外光谱等表征.Fe3O4-G能催化双氧水分解氧化脱色甲烯蓝.Fe3O4-G在pH3.5~9.5范围内均能有效催化脱色甲烯蓝,最佳pH为8.5.Fe3O4-G的催化活性几乎不受溶剂的影响,加入自由基淬灭剂叔丁醇对脱色也没有明显抑制.Fe3O4-G在较高的温度下催化能力更强,增大双氧水用量也能促进脱色反应.     

葡萄籽油的提取和精炼工艺研究

对葡萄籽油提取和精炼工艺进行了研究.结果表明,在文中的试验条件下,葡萄籽油浸提最佳工艺条件是:石油醚为浸提剂,葡萄籽粒度60目、含水量7.0%、料液比1 g∶7 mL、温度70℃、浸提时间4h.葡萄籽油精炼工艺条件是:碱炼初温45℃,碱液浓度9.50%,超碱用量0.3%;水化加水量2%,水化时间分别为1.0、0.5 h;二次脱色工艺为活性脱色白土,加量第1次1%,脱色时间30 min、脱色温度80℃,第2次加量1%,脱色时间15 min,温度85℃,真空度0.08 MPa;在真空度0.08 MPa、温度180℃、脱臭时间1 h条件下可以脱除葡萄籽油中的臭味成分,保持葡萄籽的固有香味.     

四环素牙脱色治疗48例体会

本文叙述了用30％过氧化氢（双氧水）和红外线治疗仪,对48例四环素牙进行脱色治疗,取得一定疗效的方法、经过与结果。     

竹子化机浆漂白工艺及其机理

 竹子作为一种重要的非木材制浆造纸资源,具有生长周期短、储量大及成本低等优点,但是其成浆存在白度低、白度稳定性差、易返黄、废液硅含量高难处理等问题。本研究利用H₂O₂、NaBH₄、Na₂S₂O₄和CH₃COOOH等漂白剂对粉单竹碱性过氧化氢化学机械浆（APMP）进行单段或者两段组合补充漂白,以提高竹子APMP浆的可漂性、白度及其稳定性、强度等。研究结果表明,常规H₂O₂漂白是竹子化机浆最佳单段补充漂白方法。两段补充漂白实验表明,白度提高最大的是H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄组合,为73.85% ISO;黏度下降最大的是H₂O₂→NaBH₄组合,漂后浆黏度从960下降到601 mL·g^-1。虽然两段补充漂白漂后浆的黏度有所下降,但其物理强度得到提高。补充漂白的示差红外分析发现：H₂O₂、H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄、H₂O₂→NaBH₄ 3种漂白方法的纸浆中共轭羰基含量降低了,而H₂O₂→CH₃COOOH漂白浆中的共轭羰基含量反而增加。甲氧基、紫丁香型木素和缩合的愈创木基环在H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄两段补充漂白过程脱除效果最显著。X射线衍射分析表明,补充漂白过程单段H₂O₂和H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄两段漂白对碳水化合物的降解作用最小。     

MODIFIED OPAL:A NOVEL STABILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING OF PULPS

The possibility of modified opal as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching was investigated. The results showed that the modified opal in place of sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is feasible. At the same dosage, above 3% ISO can be increased for both wheat straw pulp and deinked pulp. The stabilizing ability of the modified opal to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of pulp is improved markedly. It is favorable for bleaching to increase temperature and time within a permissive extent. The suitable process conditions are 10% of pulp consistency, 3% of hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% of sodium hydroxide, 3% of the modified opal, 70℃ and 60 min when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. At these conditions, the brightness gain can reach about 16% ISO for wheat straw pulp. In addition, it is favorable for bleaching to add a little magnesium sulfate when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of pulp can increase I%ISO if0.05% of magnesium sulfate is added. The cost analysis indicated that the modified opal is superior to sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching in economical aspect and has further the potential of market development.     

马尾松化学预热机械浆镁碱过氧化氢漂白

研究了用镁碱代替钠碱的马尾松化学预热机械浆（CTMP）浆过氧化氢漂白工艺及其对纸浆性能的影响,分析了镁碱和钠碱过氧化氢漂白废液对环境的影响.试验结果表明,马尾松CTMP浆镁碱漂白过氧化氢的最佳漂白工艺条件为：H2O2体积浓度为4%,Mg（OH）2质量浓度为1.2%,Na2SiO3质量浓度为1.5%、漂白温度为80℃、漂白时间为120 min,其白度可至63.5%（ISO）,而经钠碱漂白后纸浆的白度值为61.4%（ISO）.镁碱过氧化氢漂白废液化学耗氧量（CODcr）为193.6 g/L,比钠碱过氧化氢漂白废液化学耗氧量（CODcr=312.86 g/L）降低了38.12%.     

蔗渣浆的全无氯漂白工艺

对蔗渣浆采用过氧化氢强化的氧脱木素(OP)-螯合预处理(Q)-压力过氧化氢漂白(PO)的短序漂白,探讨了将蔗渣浆漂至82%ISO和用非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂代替硅酸钠用于过氧化氢漂白的可行性.研究表明,非硅过氧化氢稳定剂PP-1与PP-2耐高温、耐高压,可用于压力过氧化氢漂白.OP段氢氧化钠用量为2.0%(相对于绝干浆质量,下同)、过氧化氢用量为0.5%,PO段过氧化氢用量为3.0%、PP-1用量为0.1%、PP-2用量为0.5%时,蔗渣浆采用OPQPO流程漂白后,浆的白度可达到85%ISO.而且OPQPO从根本上消除了可吸附有机卤化物的产生;经测定,漂白废水属于可生物降解废水.     

羊毛生物酶细化改性工艺研究

采用双氧水预处理并结合蛋白酶—脂肪酶工艺细化羊毛纤维。通过正交试验分别确定了羊毛双氧水预处理的条件和蛋白酶—脂肪酶处理工艺条件,并进行了生物酶细化处理羊毛的对比试验。结果表明采用双氧水预处理并蛋白酶-脂肪酶细化处理羊毛后,羊毛纤维鳞片层受到一定程度的破坏,纤维的直径降低约2.3μm,断裂强力保持率达到94.8%。     

中浓纸浆清洁漂白技术的理论与实践

纸浆传统低浓含氯漂白方法(如CEH)存在对环境污染、水耗和能耗大、不可能适应大产能的要求等问题,需要用中浓氧脱木素、中浓二氧化氯漂白、中浓过氧化氢漂白及它们的组合等清洁漂白技术来取代.文中结合各类清洁漂白技术的特点,研究适用于各浆种的中浓氧脱木素、中浓过氧化氢等漂白技术,结合工程实践,提出适合我国国情的中浓纸浆少污染漂白技术及全无氯漂白技术,从而满足日益严格的环保要求,实现清洁漂白生产.     

HE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-IRON ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

Hydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. Unfortunately,hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed under alkaline condition, especially when transition metal ions exit. Experiments show that the valence of transition metal ion is also responsible for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Iron ions are present in two oxidation states, Fe2+ and Fe3+. They are both catalytically active to hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Because Fe3+ is brown, it can affect the brightness of pulp directly, it can also combine with phenol, forming complexes which not only are stable structures and are difficult to be removed from pulp, but also significantly affect the brightness of pulp because of their color.Sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate, when used together, can greatly decrease hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The optimum dosage of sodium silicate is about 0.1% (on solution) for Fe2+ and 0.25% (on solution) for Fe3+. Adding chelants such as DTPA or EDTA with stabilizers simultaneously can obviously improve pulp brightness. For iron ions, the chelate effect of DTPA is better than that of EDTA.Under acidic conditions, sodium hyposulfite and cellulose can reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ effectively, and pulp brightness is improved greatly. Adding sodium thiosulfate simultaneously with magnesium sulfate,sodium silicate, and DTPA to alkaline peroxide solution can result in higher brightness of pulp.pH is a key parameter during hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the optimum pH value should be 10.5-12.     

THE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-IRON ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

INTRODUCTIONHydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. IT is well known that hydrogen peroxide can be easily decomposed under alkaline conditions, especially in the presence of transition metal ions due to their catalyzing effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Some recent reports show that the valence of transition metal ion can have a drastic effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Generally, iron can exist in Fe2+ and Fe3+…     

Protease Selection and Technology Optimization in Biofinish of Wool

A process for the shrink - resist treatment of wool by protease with a hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (the Perzym process) has been studied. A protease, selected from several commercial proteases, has been found having higher activity in shrink - resist treatment, and its optimum technological conditions, which confer wool better shrinkproofing and less strength and elongation loss, have been obtained by an orthogonal factorial design approach. The study shows that it is possible for the wool to be conferred excellent machine washability by the Perzym process.     

蔗渣浆全无氯漂白的研究

本本文探讨了在Op段低NaOH用量,P段低H2O2用量的条件下采用OpQP流程将蔗渣浆漂至82%ISO的可行性,并讨论了非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂代替硅酸钠用于过氧化氢漂白的可行性。研究表明非硅过氧化氢稳定剂PP-2,PP-1耐高温、高压,可用于压力过氧化氢漂白。在Op段2%NaOH,0.5%H2O2;P段3% H2O2,PP-1 0.1%, PP-2 0.5%条件下,蔗渣浆采用OpQPo流程,漂后浆白度达到85%ISO。OpQPo从根本上消除了AOX的产生,经测定漂白废水属于可生物降解废水,只有Q和P段的部分废水进入废水处理系统, 容易通过常规的污水处理方法达到日益严格的国家排放标准。