二氯磷酰胆碱的合成及分析方法研究

目的 合成可用于生物材料表面改性的活性中间体二氯磷酰胆碱.方法 由三氯氧磷和氯化胆碱在无水条件下用非均相一步法合成二氯磷酰胆碱,并对合成条件进行了探讨,对产物进行了表征和含量测定.结果 产物结构由31P NMR和IR得到证明,产物含量用改进的电位滴定法进行了测定.在最佳反应条件下,收率可以达到100%,目标产物含量可达91%.结论 非均相一步合成二氯磷酰胆碱的方法 可行,改进的电位滴定法适用于磷酸酯/盐混合体系的组分分析.对于提高目标产物的产率及改进合成条件均有指导意义.     

反相HPLC色谱法测定盐芥和菠菜中的甜菜碱含量

本实验利用反相HPLC色谱法测定了盐芥和菠菜中的甜菜碱含量，实验分别以菠菜和盐芥的叶组织为材料，用去离子水提取甜菜碱．提取液经浓缩后依次通过阳离子交换树脂柱和阴离子交换树脂柱进行纯化，用NH4OH洗脱阳离子交换树脂柱，洗脱液收集浓缩干后用磷酸盐流动相溶解．样品用C18反相色谱柱进行分离，流动相为50nmol／L的KH2PO4溶液(pH4．56)，色谱条件为0．7ml/min。192nm波长测定；此色谱条件能使甜菜碱与其它组分很好的分离，甜菜碱加样回收率达到90％-98％．经测定。盐芥叶片中的甜菜碱含量为1．367mg/g，菠菜叶片中的甜菜碱含量为1．656mg/g．     

无水哌嗪合成工艺放大

目的研究放大实验的工艺参数。方法以无水哌嗪合成的小试研究工艺条件为依据,对无水哌嗪合成过程进行工艺计算,以空速为放大参数,采用半经验半理论的放大方法。结果实验得到预热器温度180℃,反应温度360℃,原料流量25L/h,放大条件下合成无水哌嗪的最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下乙二胺的转化率为91.19%,哌嗪(PA)收率为65.34%,三乙烯二胺(TE-DA)收率为25.74%。结论放大实验结果与小试实验结果吻合良好。     

铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂法处理含硝基苯废水的研究

采用微电解-Fenton试剂法对吉林市某双苯厂含硝基苯等化工废水预处理进行了试验,摸索和探讨了预处理反应条件、影响因素,建立了最佳工艺路线和工艺条件.并在最佳条件下进行了连续中试放大试验.现场中试试验结果表明,废水的CODcr去除率为87%左右.BOD5/CODcr值由原来的0.3以下上升到0.5左右,提高了废水的生化性能.通过气相色谱对处理前后废水中硝基苯等有机物含量进行了比较,说明硝基苯等物质基本被去除.同时对废水处理药剂费用进行了分析,处理每立方米废水的药剂费用不高于5元.     

光谱法测定植物组织中甜菜碱含量方法的改良

甜菜碱的积累水平与植物抗逆性密切相关,因此准确分析植物组织中甜菜碱含量可了解植物的抗逆能力.在总结前人研究的技术基础上,对传统的光谱法测定甜菜碱含量方法进行了一些改良,用少量乙醇溶解雷氏盐,调整雷氏盐与甜菜碱反应时间为6h.多次试验表明,该改良的光谱法能准确测定出植物组织中的甜菜碱含量.     

氯代十八烷的合成及表征

以SOCl2为氯化试剂在吡啶的催化下与十八醇反应合成了氯代十八烷,产物用傅立叶变换红外光谱进行了表征,并测定产物的熔点与含量。对文献报道的方法进行改进,用过量的SOCl2为溶剂使反应在均相溶液中进行,条件温和;对合成工艺及条件进行了讨论,给出反应物最佳的用量比例、适宜的温度范围与反应时间,获得了88.6%-92.1%的产率。     

柠檬酸镧和苹果酸镧的低温固相合成及结构、形貌分析

以乙酸镧、柠檬酸和苹果酸为原料,采用低温固相反应制备了柠檬酸镧和苹果酸镧,并通过FT-IR、XRD和SEM等手段对样品的物相、结构及形貌进行了研究。FT-IR和XRD结果表明,将反应物研磨1 h后,在室温下晾干或者100℃烘干均可得到柠檬酸镧和苹果酸镧产物。SEM图谱表明柠檬酸镧样品在升高烘干温度后颗粒度明显增大,而苹果酸镧样品在不同烘干条件下形貌变化不大。所提方法工艺简单、反应时间短、能耗低,反应不使用溶剂对环境污染小,有望应用于其他稀土有机酸盐体系的可控合成。     

季铵盐表面活性剂微波合成放大工艺研究

文章在课题组对中长链溴代烷烃Cl-R_n(n=12,14,16,18)与MDEA合成多羟基季铵盐工艺路线的研究基础上,在小试阶段探究了微波合成十四烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵及十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵季铵盐表面活性剂的合成条件;通过设计对比实验,得出最佳的重结晶条件:每10 g产品用20 mL的无水乙醇溶解,V乙醇∶V乙酸乙酯=1∶4.在小试工艺成熟的基础上,对十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵进行微波中试放大,得到合成参数:温度T=130℃,功率P=6 kW,搅拌速度n=40 r·min~(-1);通过红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪和热重分析仪分别对小试产品和中试产品进行结构分析.     

松香基磺基甜菜碱的合成与性能研究

以工业松香为原料合成了一种松香基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂:N-(3-松香酰氧-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基(2-羟基)磺丙基甜菜碱.通过红外对产物结构进行了表征.测定了松香基磺基甜菜碱的临界胶束浓度为0.57 mmol/L,表面张力为37.8 mN/m,吸附量为1.98 mg/g.考察了其抗Ca2+、Mg2+能力、乳化力及驱油效果.结果表明:该产品临界胶束浓度低,有较强的抗盐能力,吸附损失较小,乳化力较强,在低渗透岩心的驱替实验中提高采收率达8.4%,是一种具有优良性能的驱油剂.     

五羟乙基二乙烯三胺合成工艺优化研究

以二乙烯三胺与2-氯乙醇为主要原料合成五羟乙基二乙烯三胺,采用单因素试验和正交实验对原料配比及工艺条件进行优化,最佳配比为:二乙烯三胺与2-氯乙醇的摩尔比为1∶6.5;最佳工艺条件为:反应温度85℃,反应时间5 h,收率达到了98.76%,并用羟值测定、胺值测定、FT-IR、1H-NMR及ES-MS等方法对产物进行结构表征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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