大视场针孔CCD摄像物镜设计中的非球面应用

由于大视场会带来大的垂轴像差,尤其是畸变,以及结构的不对称性, Ｃ Ｃ Ｄ 针孔物镜一般视场不超过７０°。应用非球面光学设计,不仅使视场大于等于８０°,且畸变较小。此外,通过实例对球面设计与非球面设计进行比较,论证了非球面光学设计的优越性。     

中等视场大相对孔径水下两档变焦光学系统

研究了水下两档变焦光学系统的设计方法并给出了具体设计实例。采用轴向移动变焦方式,变焦过程中相对孔径保持不变,相对孔径为1/1.4,系统变焦比为2,在水下的宽视场角为60,°有效焦距3.6 mm,用于大范围内搜索目标;窄视场角为20°,有效焦距7.2 mm,用于对目标进行具体分析。在空间42 lp/mm处的宽视场和窄视场的光学传递函数值均大于0.4,成像质量较好。既满足了水下成像对大相对孔径和较大视场的要求,又能够在大范围内搜索目标,小范围内对具体目标进行分析,满足实际应用的需要。     

局部视角无畸变的运动目标检测加速算法

针对大视场视频监控系统球形视场畸变严重以及要求实时处理等问题,提出了一种球形视场内局部视角无畸变快速展映方法,实现了大视场条件下运动目标检测的加速。打破现有算法先完成图像畸变校正,后进行目标检测的惯例;仅对球形视场内运动目标所在的局部视角图像进行畸变校正和识别等操作,大大减少了计算数据量,降低图像处理的时间开销,在保证识别准确的前提下,满足了监控系统实时在线处理的要求。最后,对不同分辨率、不同视场角的摄像机进行了多组畸变校正及运动目标检测实验,并将实验结果与现有算法进行了比较。实验结果验证了所提算法对大视场图像采集设备进行无畸变运动目标检测的可行性和高效性(加速5倍以上),为低成本大视场视频监控系统的实时、准确的目标检测、识别奠定了基础。     

内调焦望远物镜成象质量的提高

本文对内调焦望远物镜的设计过程进行了分析,并且用三个不同的设计结果作了象差对比,从而证实了在不使结构复杂化的条件下,采取整体组合消象差的方法,提高内调望远物镜对近距离物体成象时的成象质量是可以做到的。     

视觉测量中基于距离相对约束的优化算法

提出了一种新的基于距离相对约束的优化算法,该算法通过附加视场边缘距离约束条件较好地实现了对透镜畸变的纠正,提高了空间面形测量的精度.利用视场边缘相对控制点间空间距离固定以及像点坐标值残余误差平方和最小构建新的目标函数,并计算相应的法方程,经过数次迭代后可获得测量系统的方位参数和测量点的空间坐标,完成空间物体3D面形测量.对距离控制场的测量实验证明,该算法特别适用于大尺寸面形的测量,在3 m×4 m×1 m的测量视场内,根据该算法建立的视觉测量系统其最大测量偏差小于0.5mm,可满足大尺寸面形的测量要求.     

光电经纬仪与雷达异址条件下的姿态测量研究

针对光电经纬仪与雷达异址条件下姿态测量存在的问题,提出利用遗传算法和拉格朗日插值搜索,判别真正的目标点。将光电经纬仪的测角信息和雷达的测距信息归结到同一直线上,最终计算出空间目标的姿态角。该方法不仅适用于各类较大空间目标的姿态测量,也适用于各类空间目标的质点测量。它作为靶场外弹道测控技术的补充,具有一定的理论价值和实用价值。     

基于相关性分析和响应面法的复合旋流器结构参数优化

为了提高旋流器优化参数的准确性,得到其在结构优化中的最优解,以一种新型复合旋流器为研究对象,基于相关性的单因素分析寻优法,以相关性分析的结果来指导优化范围的选取,提高其结构参数优化范围的准确性。结合响应面优化方法,以分离效率为优化目标,确定旋流器的最优结构参数,建立了分离效率和结构参数之间的回归模型。结果表明:不同的结构参数和各性能指标之间的显著关系并不相同,根据相关性分析的结果确定各结构的优化范围为:上锥角为0°~4°,下锥角为8°~12°,底流口直径为12~16 mm;响应面优化得到旋流器最优结构为:上锥角为2.565°,下锥角为11.719°,底流口直径为12.889 mm,在本组参数下旋流器固体分离效率达到了99.945%,气体分离效率达到了93.807%。为旋流器的结构优化提供了一种新方法。     

2.5 m大视场高分辨率望远镜

为了显著提升我国太阳物理研究水平、满足国家对空间天气监测和预报的重大战略需求,同时兼顾夜间时域天文学观测的需要,我们建议研制一架2.5 m大视场高分辨率望远镜(WeHiT).它将是世界上首架既做白天高分辨率太阳观测又做夜间大视场巡天观测、具有重大创新设计的特殊望远镜.它的科学目标覆盖了太阳物理、时域天文学、星系物理和太阳系外行星物理等天文领域的前沿热门课题,可为我国、特别是高校的天文学家提供一流的观测资料.特别是,作为全世界最大的轴对称太阳望远镜,具有比所有大型太阳望远镜更大的视场,可提供前所未有的太阳活动区高分辨率资料,在太阳活动区和太阳爆发现象(特别是耀斑和日冕物质抛射)的研究中有望取得突破性成果,并为我国空间天气学研究提供宝贵资料;作为中国时区的大口径、大视场望远镜,对于持续严密监控超新星、伽玛暴和大质量双黑洞等时变天文现象十分重要,将填补国际上的空白,提供在中国时区的第一手观测资料;同时在窄波段星系巡天、临近星系研究及系外行星搜索等许多领域提供宝贵的高质量资料.     

基于参考物镜的数字全息显微相位畸变自动补偿

建立了参考物镜与数值拟合相结合的方法,对离轴数字全息显微系统的相位畸变进行补偿.因为物镜带来的光波曲率差异,预放大数字全息显微系统往往产生附加相位因子.在参考光路中引入相同参考物镜,利用物理方法初步消除因为曲率问题带来的相位畸变.参考物镜加入以后,相位畸变主要来自三个方面.衍射计算时使用数字模拟平面参考光,离轴结构存在空间角,产生一次相位畸变;实际记录到的全息图,参考物镜实验误差导致了残余二次相位畸变;光路中其他光学元件形成像差,无法获取正确的微结构三维形貌.数值上通过多项式对整个相位表面作曲面拟合,利用相位表面与该拟合曲面的差值,提取样品真实相位分布.只用一幅全息图,经过一次多项式拟合便实现了多次相位畸变的自动补偿.以USAF分辨率板作为微结构样品作形貌测量,验证了该方法的准确有效.     

浅谈DS3级微倾式水准仪i角误差的调修

为进一步提高DS3级微倾式水准仪的测量精度,降低由i角误差带来的测量误差,针对造成i角误差的主要来源,如脚螺旋故障、望远系统故障、望远镜筒与中轴基座连接故障、符合水准器影像故障等,提出了相应的调修、处理方法。该调修、处理方法为笔者多年从事调修和检定工作的经验总结,能有效缩短修理时间,提高检定工作的效率,对水准仪i角误差的调修、检定具有很高的实用价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-