阿拉拉特小麦染色体的C-带和N-带分析

应用Ｃ－分带和喧技术对阿拉拉特小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｒｍ ａｒａｒａｔｉｃｕｍ Ｊａｋｕｂｚ,２ｎ＝２８,Ａ＾ｂＡ＾ｂＧＧ）的根尖细胞进行染色体构成分析,结果分析,结果表明：（１）Ｃ－分带和Ｎ－分带方法均可以使阿拉拉特不麦染色体显示稳定带型;（２）根据带型可以明确区分阿拉拉特不麦各条染色体;（３）阿拉拉特小麦Ａ、Ｇ组染色体带型与普通小麦Ａ、Ｂ组染色体带型差异明显,利用分带方法可以区分阿拉拉特小麦与普通     

油松及云南松染色体的荧光带型

利用两种荧光试剂ＣＭＡ和ＤＡＰＩ研究油松及云南松染色体的荧光带型。油松（２ｎ＝２４）和云南松（２ｎ＝２４）染色体的ＣＭＡ带型中均存在五种不同的ＣＭＡ带纹类型。油松的ＣＭＡ带型为３对是着丝粒和臂间处均有荧光带纹的中部着丝粒染色体（Ａ类型）,３对是臂间处有荧光带纹的中部着丝粒染色体（Ｂ类型）,２对是着丝粒处有荧光带纹的中部着丝粒染色体（Ｃ类型）,２对是无荧光带纹的近中或中部着丝粒染色体（Ｄ类型）,２对是着丝粒有荧光带纹的近中着丝粒染色体（Ｅ类型）;而云南松的ＣＭＡ带型则为Ａ类型、Ｂ类型、Ｃ类型、Ｄ类型和Ｅ类型的染色体分别有４对、２对、２对、２．５对和１．５对。这两种松树染色体的ＤＡＰＩ荧光带型与ＣＭＡ带型之间存在相反的带纹关系。最后讨论认为①利用荧光带型的不同可将二者区分开,②据荧光带型认为云南松在赤松亚组中与其它松树之间的亲缘关系可能要远一些。     

野生二粒小麦的Giemsa C带核型

采用改良C带技术对野生二粒小麦根尖细胞染色体进行了分带研究结果表明：野生二粒小麦体细胞中有14对染色体，染色体组型AABB不同染色体上带的数目、大小、强弱及分布情况各异，而同源染色体的带型一致，根据C带带型特征很容易将野生二粒小麦不同染色体组、及不同染色体分开因此，C带可作为野生二粒小麦的细胞学标记．此外，除4B染色体外，野生二粒小麦染色体的C带带型特征与普通小麦相应染色体相似，这从染色体结构方面进一步证实了野生二粒小麦是普通小麦祖先种之一的假设     

普通小麦和节节麦G—带核型的研究

用改良ＡＳＧ法显出了普通小麦的两个品种和节节麦的有丝分裂染色体全部供试材料Ｇ－带具有一些共同的特征。即带数多，细窄而大小相近，带间区小，分布较均匀，着丝粒和次缢痕两侧及两臂末端都具带；２）它们的同源染色体间带纹可较准确地配对；３）普通小麦两品种虽带型相似，但总带数有差异；４）节节麦与普通小麦中国春Ｄ染色体组的Ｇ－带带型很相近，两带数相同的臂为５０．０％。     

台湾扁柏和台湾杉的核型分析

分析了台湾扁柏Ｃｈａｍａｅｃｙｐａｒｉｓ ｏｂｔｕｓａ ｖａｒ．ｆｏｒｍｏｓａｎａ和台湾杉Ｔａｉｗａｎｉｎａ ｃｒｙｐｙｏｍｅｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ的核型,前者有８对中部着丝粒和３对近中着丝粒染色体,属２Ａ类型,７号染色体带一随体,后者有７对中部着丝粒和４对近中部着丝粒染色体,属２Ｂ类型。     

啤酒大麦染色体GiemsaC带核型比较分析

采用改良Ｃ带法对啤酒大麦７个品系染色体的Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ带核型进行了比较分析，结果表明，不同大麦品系间相同序号染色体的Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ带分布相似，带的数目和强弱存在明显差异，不同染色表现不同程度的Ｃ带带型多样性，第１，３，４染色体的带型具有较大的多样性，而各品系间第６染色体地带型相同。     

小麦B染色体组双端体光合性能的初步研究

与对照ＣＫ相比，各供试Ｂ染色体组双端体材料的旗叶光合性能表现不同，多数Ｂ染色体长臂、２ＢＳ、７ＢＳ对叶绿素含量具有正效应，３ＢＬ、４ＢＳ、５ＢＳ具有负效应，在光合功能上，３ＢＬ、１ＢＳ、４ＢＳ、５ＢＳ表现为负效应，５ＢＬ、６ＢＬ、７ＢＬ、２ＢＳ、３ＢＳ、７ＢＳ则表现为正效应，不同部位染色体臂缺失对叶绿素含量和光合速率的不同效应，可能是由于染色体臂缺失后，光合机构和光合功能相关的基因结构与表达发生改变所致。     

伞状山羊草的C带核型

分析了伞状山羊草的Ｃ带核型，在根尖内，约７％的中期细胞是单倍体，其余的为正常的二倍体其核型属于“３Ａ”型，这在小麦族中是较进化的，伞状山羊草染色体的带型互有差别，使得根据其独特的Ｃ带分布容易单条染色体识别出来。     

菊蝗和黄佛蝗三个种染色体C带带型分析

采用染色体Ｃ带技术对剑角蝗科（Ａｃｒｉｄｉｄａｅ）菊蝗属（ＰｈｌａｅｏｂｉｄａＩ．Ｂｏｌ）２个种（黄纹菊蝗Ｐ．ｃｈｌｏｒｏｎｅｍａＬｉａｎｇ和海南菊蝗Ｐ．ｈａｉｎａｎｃｎｓｉｓＢｉｅｔＣｈｅｎ）和黄佛蝗属（ＣｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｌａｅｏｂａＲａｅｍｍ）１个种（长翅黄佛蝗Ｃ．ｌｏｎｇｕｓａｌａＺｈｅｎｇ）染色体进行了常规核型和Ｃ带带型分析并绘制了Ｃ带核型示意图．结果表明：菊蝗属两个种染色体数目相同２ｎ♂＝２１，分组形式相同，均为３Ｌ，６Ｍ，１Ｓ，Ｘ，而黄佛蝗属的长翅黄佛蝗染色体数目２ｎ♂＝２３，分组形式：２Ｌ，７Ｍ，２Ｓ，Ｘ，反映了属间染色体组型有差异．另外两种菊蝗Ｃ带带型不同，说明Ｃ带带型在种间区分上有重要意义．     

黑芥（Brassica nigra）核型和Giemsa C带带型的研究

研究了黑芥的核型和染色体的Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ带带型，黑芥有８对染色体，４对是中部着丝粒染色体，其中４对是亚中部着丝粒染色体，在４对亚中部着丝粒染色体中有２对具随体，黑芥的核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）用ＨＳＧ法得到ＧｉｅｍｓａＣ带带型，黑芥的Ｃ带带型为ＣＩＴ型，黑芥的染色体具有着丝粒带、中间带，端带和全带，黑芥的ＧｉｅｍｓａＣ带带型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝ＣＩＴ型＝２Ｃ＋     

Chromosome sorting and its applications in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome sequencing

The large genome size (～17000 Mb) and complicated DNA structures of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) hamper its genome sequencing.By means of flow cytometry,systematic investigations on individual chromosome sorting have been carried out to construct chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries since the 1980s.Several wheat chromosome-specific BAC libraries,such as chromosome 3B,three D genome chromosomes (1D,4D and 6D),and the short arm of chromosome 1B,have been developed,and the ph...     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30. 2% ) and M. schevilli (20. 7% ), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54. 3 % ). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions ( NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis,which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

鹅观草(Roegneria kamoji)的染色体C带分析

利用改良的 Giemsa C带技术 ,分析鹅观草 (Roegneria kamoji)的染色体 C带带型。结果鹅观草根尖细胞染色体数目为 42 ,其染色体的相对长度为 2 .99%～ 6 .89% ,臂比 1.0 0～ 1.6 7,Giem sa C带核型是 :2 n=6 x=42=40 m+2 M。不同染色体之间的 C带带型在带的数量、大小、强弱及位置等方面存在明显差异。认为 C带可作为鹅观草染色体的细胞学标记     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus reciprocal chromosomal translocation T7DS·5LrL/T5LrS·7DL

In order to induce chromosome translocation between wheat chromosomes and chromosome 5Lr of Leymus racemosus, the mi- crosporocytes during meiosis of T. aestivum-L. racemosus disomic addition line DA5Lr were irradiated by 60Co γ-rays 800 R (100 R/min). Before flowering, the treated spikes were emasculated and bagged. After 2-3 d, the emasculated flowerets were pollinated using pollens from T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. One plant with two translocation chromosomes involved in both the long and short arm of...     

利用小麦5B效应引入外源基因的研究（Ⅰ）易位系的培育

ｄｕｒｕｍ小麦的代换系ｄｉ－ｓｕｂ５Ｄ（５Ｂ）与添加系ｄｉ－ａｄｄｅ４ｔｓ杂交，再用ｄｉ－ｓｕｂ５Ｄ（５Ｂ）进行回交，在自交后代中选育出了易位系１０３２。该易位系染色体数２ｎ＝２８，表现型为非蜡质。这一结果证明了在ｄｕｒｕｍ小麦中也可以利用５Ｂ染色体效应，通过诱发部份同源染色体间的配对，获得易位体。