利用四能级超导量子干涉仪实现N比特受控U门

提出了利用四能级超导量子干涉仪器实现N比特的受控U门的方案,其中四能级中的2个最低能态作为逻辑态,2个中间能态在门操作过程中起辅助作用.通过N个SQUID与腔场的共振相互作用和大失谐相互作用,实现高速的N比特受控U门.     

超导量子比特的物理实现

量子信息和量子计算有可能给人类带来新的革命性发展．超导量子比特作为实现量子计算的方案之一,以其低耗散,大设计加工自由度,易规模化等优点而备受注目．文中对超导量子比特的基本原理及发展前景作了简要综述,并介绍了作者的研究进展．     

腔中利用人工原子实现多量子比特相位门

在量子信息研究中,多量子比特相位门具有非常重要的意义。本文介绍了实现多量子比特相位门的两种模型,提出了一个利用腔中四能级超导人工原子实现多量子比特相位门的方案。该方案采用一个量子场和两个经典场控制各能级之间的跃迁,提高了多量子比特系统抵抗退相干的能力。     

用微波-超导量子比特系统实现一位通用量子逻辑门

该文研究了二能级射频超导量子干涉仪量子比特与经典微波脉冲的相互作用.研究结果表明,当微波场的角频率接近于系统二能级|0〉|1〉跃迁频率时,即ω1-ω0≈ωm,可以得到一位通用量子逻辑门.通过调节控制微波场的角频率ωm,幅度Vm和脉冲作用时间t,可以得到不同的一位量子逻辑门.     

微腔中基于原子系统三比特量子交换门的实现

在微腔中通过Raman作用,在原子系统中实现了三比特量子交换门.方案中由于原子与腔之间没有量子信息的交换,可以忽略腔衰减的影响.这极大地提高了该方案在实验中实现的可能性.     

利用超导量子干涉仪制备N比特团簇态（英文）

利用两个超导量子干涉仪与腔场的相互作用,提出一种实现标准两比特量子相位门的方案。利用构造的两比特相位门,还提出了一种制备N比特团簇态的方案。在此方案中,量子信息被编码在两个超导量子干涉仪的相对稳定的基态上。在两个超导量子干涉仪与单模腔场的相互作用过程中,由于超导量子干涉比特的激发态被绝热地消去,激发态所引起的消相干得到了有效的抑制。此外,还讨论方案的实验可行性。     

利用腔QED实现非常规几何量子相位门

提出一个基于压缩算符的非常规几何量子相位门的方案.在腔QED系统中,在强共振经典场驱动下,利用两个三能级原子与腔模的双光子相互作用,研究了两量子比特非常规几何量子相位门,发现它与腔模占有数有关,当腔模初始时处于真空态,这个方案对腔模衰变不敏感.     

量子与门的实现

在定义了量子逻辑与门之后,利用在博弈游戏中量子策略比经典策略更具优越性这一特点,从理论上提出了一套实现量子与门的新方案:把量子逻辑与门的操作用两个可分辨的量子硬币来实现.     

基于原子系综系统实现Controlled-Hadamard 门和制备多量子比特的W-type态

提出了利用Rydberg阻滞机制,实现基于原子系综系统的控制Hadamard门和制备n个量子比特W-type态的方案.在该方案中,选取Rydberg态为激发态,其是1个辅助态,2个基态作为编码态. 由于控制Hadamard 门实现的操作时间比激发态的寿命小得多,因此,激发态的衰减效应可以忽略不计. 该方案可以得到高保真度的n个量子比特W-type态,且该方案在量子信息处理方面具有可扩展性.     

利用交叉克尔非线性介质实现两原子受控相位门

基于光学元件、分别囚禁于两个远距离腔中的两个(∧)-型的三能级原子、交叉克尔非线性介质和常规光子探测器,提出一个利用交叉克尔非线性介质实现两原子受控相位门的有效方案.该方案的优点是在LambDicke极限下,不需要探测器同时相应且具有很高的成功几率.这些器件在目前的实验条件下易于实现.     

Demonstration of conditional gate operation using superconducting charge qubits

Following the demonstration of coherent control of the quantum state of a superconducting charge qubit, a variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented. Although such solid-state devices are not currently as advanced as microscopic qubits based on nuclear magnetic resonance and ion trap technologies, the potential scalability of the former systems--together with progress in their coherence times and read-out schemes--makes them strong candidates for the building block of a quantum computer. Recently, coherent oscillations and microwave spectroscopy of capacitively coupled superconducting qubits have been reported; the next challenging step towards quantum computation is the realization of logic gates. Here we demonstrate conditional gate operation using a pair of coupled superconducting charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we prepare different input states and show that their amplitude can be transformed by controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gate operation, although the phase evolution during the gate operation remains to be clarified.     

Generation of three-qubit entangled states using superconducting phase qubits

Entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum computation, so the experimental creation and measurement of entangled states is of crucial importance for various physical implementations of quantum computers. In superconducting devices, two-qubit entangled states have been demonstrated and used to show violations of Bell's inequality and to implement simple quantum algorithms. Unlike the two-qubit case, where all maximally entangled two-qubit states are equivalent up to local changes of basis, three qubits can be entangled in two fundamentally different ways. These are typified by the states |GHZ>= (|000+?|111>)/ sqrt [2] and |W>= (|001>?+?|010>?+?|100>)/ sqrt [3]. Here we demonstrate the operation of three coupled superconducting phase qubits and use them to create and measure |GHZ> and |W>states. The states are fully characterized using quantum state tomography and are shown to satisfy entanglement witnesses, confirming that they are indeed examples of three-qubit entanglement and are not separable into mixtures of two-qubit entanglement.     

超导量子比特中的Landau-Zener-Stckelberg干涉

超导量子比特是人工固态量子系统,在低温和弱耗散条件下,具有量子化的能级结构.这些能级之间的间隔可以随外加偏置电磁场连续变化,不同能级在某些偏置场可能形成量子系统中所特有的免交叉.最近研究成果表明,利用这些免交叉,可以在固态量子比特中实现Landau-Zener-Stckelberg（LZS）干涉,为测量系统的能谱、表征系统与环境的耦合、实现量子逻辑门、产生量子纠缠等提供了一个便捷的新手段.     

Coupling superconducting qubits via a cavity bus

Superconducting circuits are promising candidates for constructing quantum bits (qubits) in a quantum computer; single-qubit operations are now routine, and several examples of two-qubit interactions and gates have been demonstrated. These experiments show that two nearby qubits can be readily coupled with local interactions. Performing gate operations between an arbitrary pair of distant qubits is highly desirable for any quantum computer architecture, but has not yet been demonstrated. An efficient way to achieve this goal is to couple the qubits to a 'quantum bus', which distributes quantum information among the qubits. Here we show the implementation of such a quantum bus, using microwave photons confined in a transmission line cavity, to couple two superconducting qubits on opposite sides of a chip. The interaction is mediated by the exchange of virtual rather than real photons, avoiding cavity-induced loss. Using fast control of the qubits to switch the coupling effectively on and off, we demonstrate coherent transfer of quantum states between the qubits. The cavity is also used to perform multiplexed control and measurement of the qubit states. This approach can be expanded to more than two qubits, and is an attractive architecture for quantum information processing on a chip.     

基于腔场耦合的超导比特的量子计算(英文)

利用超导量子比特实现量子计算在世界范围内备受理论界和实验界的关注.在这一体系中实现量子计算的明显好处是具有非常好的操控技术及容易集成化.过去10年实验的快速突破验证了体系的这些优势.在调节不同比特耦合方面,利用微波腔场耦合比特的平台已经建立起来.该综述将重点介绍如何形成等效的超导电荷比特、它和腔场的耦合,以及利用腔场耦合多个比特等内容.     

Correlated spectrum of distant semiconductor qubits coupled by microwave photons

We develop a new spectroscopic method to quickly and intuitively characterize the coupling of two microwave-photon-coupled semiconductor qubits via a high-imped...     

Quantum oscillations in two coupled charge qubits

A practical quantum computer, if built, would consist of a set of coupled two-level quantum systems (qubits). Among the variety of qubits implemented, solid-state qubits are of particular interest because of their potential suitability for integrated devices. A variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented; these exploit the coherence of Cooper-pair tunnelling in the superconducting state. Despite apparent progress in the implementation of individual solid-state qubits, there have been no experimental reports of multiple qubit gates--a basic requirement for building a real quantum computer. Here we demonstrate a Josephson circuit consisting of two coupled charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we coherently mix quantum states and observe quantum oscillations, the spectrum of which reflects interaction between the qubits. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of coupling multiple solid-state qubits, and indicate the existence of entangled two-qubit states.     

量子逻辑门及其研究进展

量子信息代表了当代量子物理学的最新进展,代表着信息时代最具有潜力的发展方向,量子逻辑门是实现量子计算的最基本的逻辑单元。文章介绍量子信息技术中量子逻辑门的基本特点、方法以及实现量子门的物理实验进展。     

Implementation of a Toffoli gate with superconducting circuits

The Toffoli gate is a three-quantum-bit (three-qubit) operation that inverts the state of a target qubit conditioned on the state of two control qubits. It makes universal reversible classical computation possible and, together with a Hadamard gate, forms a universal set of gates in quantum computation. It is also a key element in quantum error correction schemes. The Toffoli gate has been implemented in nuclear magnetic resonance, linear optics and ion trap systems. Experiments with superconducting qubits have also shown significant progress recently: two-qubit algorithms and two-qubit process tomography have been implemented, three-qubit entangled states have been prepared, first steps towards quantum teleportation have been taken and work on quantum computing architectures has been done. Implementation of the Toffoli gate with only single- and two-qubit gates requires six controlled-NOT gates and ten single-qubit operations, and has not been realized in any system owing to current limits on coherence. Here we implement a Toffoli gate with three superconducting transmon qubits coupled to a microwave resonator. By exploiting the third energy level of the transmon qubits, we have significantly reduced the number of elementary gates needed for the implementation of the Toffoli gate, relative to that required in theoretical proposals using only two-level systems. Using full process tomography and Monte Carlo process certification, we completely characterize the Toffoli gate acting on three independent qubits, measuring a fidelity of 68.5?±?0.5 per cent. A similar approach to realizing characteristic features of a Toffoli-class gate has been demonstrated with two qubits and a resonator and achieved a limited characterization considering only the phase fidelity. Our results reinforce the potential of macroscopic superconducting qubits for the implementation of complex quantum operations with the possibility of quantum error correction.     

二分法在多线量子逻辑门分解中的应用

将经典的对称二分法应用于多线量子可逆逻辑门的分解中,证明当量子位数n≥5且3≤k≤n-2时,任意多线量子可逆逻辑门('k'-CNOT门)可以在没有辅助位的情况下由少于[4「log2(k-2)」+1-3(2「log2(k-2)」+1-k+1)2「log2(k-2)」]个'2'-CNOT门(Toffoli门)构成.利用该方法可以使由多线量子可逆逻辑门分解而生成的物理电路门阵列数大幅下降.与Yang等报道的实验结果相比,'2'-CNOT门的数量级由O(2k)减少为O(k2).