Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system

The emergence of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates set the stage for evolution of an advanced symbiotic relationship with the intestinal microbiota. The defining features of specificity and memory that characterize adaptive immunity have afforded vertebrates the mechanisms for efficiently tailoring immune responses to diverse types of microbes, whether to promote mutualism or host defence. These same attributes can put the host at risk of immune-mediated diseases that are increasingly linked to the intestinal microbiota. Understanding how the adaptive immune system copes with the remarkable number and diversity of microbes that colonize the digestive tract, and how the system integrates with more primitive innate immune mechanisms to maintain immune homeostasis, holds considerable promise for new approaches to modulate immune networks to treat and prevent disease.     

粪菌移植体系

 粪菌移植作为重建肠道菌群的核心治疗策略,在世界医学史上由来已久。粪菌移植近年备受关注,已用于难辨梭状芽孢杆菌感染等多种菌群相关性疾病的治疗和探索性研究,但主因方法学局限的影响,其在全世界的应用并不理想。中华粪菌库作为非营利性粪菌库,重点通过建设粪菌移植体系,并作为特殊生物样本库面向全国提供临床救治服务。本文阐述粪菌移植的医学史、中华粪菌库所依赖的体系建设和粪菌移植的安全性、伦理、法规及未来发展方向。     

Adhesion receptors of the immune system

The adhesive interactions of cells with other cells and with the extracellular matrix are crucial to all developmental processes, but have a central role in the functions of the immune system throughout life. Three families of cell-surface molecules regulate the migration of lymphocytes and the interactions of activated cells during immune responses.     

具反馈控制和Allee效应的偏利共生系统动力学行为

具有反馈控制和Allee效应的偏利共生模型,其动力学行为比较复杂 .在反馈控制偏利共生模型的基础上,研究加法Allee效应对系统的动力学行为的影响,证明了系统正平衡点存在的条件足以保证系统的全局吸引性 .通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数,得到平衡点全局稳定的充分条件.研究表明：Allee效应不影响反馈控制偏利共生系统平衡点的稳定性,但会影响平衡点的位置.     

素质教育,教育制度改革

实施素质教育,要全面推行教育制度改革。教育是一个复杂的巨型系统,要克服"应试教育"的积弊,实施素质教育,如果不在教育制度上进行配套改革,综合治理,是不可能奏效的。从5个方面对教育制度改革进行分析。     

建立适应创新教育的开放实验体系

实验室是高校教学体系的重要组成部分,实验室的开放是现时期创新教育对大学教学的新要求。作者对高校实验室开放所面临的实际问题进行了研究,提出了如何建立适应创新要求的开放实验教学体系的建设性措施和建议,以求加快实验教学革新的步伐。     

Extensive surface diversity of a commensal microorganism by multiple DNA inversions.

The dynamic interactions between a host and its intestinal microflora that lead to commensalism are unclear. Bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract do so despite the development of a specific immune response by the host. The mechanisms used by commensal organisms to circumvent this immune response have yet to be established. Here we demonstrate that the human colonic microorganism, Bacteroides fragilis, is able to modulate its surface antigenicity by producing at least eight distinct capsular polysaccharides-a number greater than any previously reported for a bacterium-and is able to regulate their expression in an on-off manner by the reversible inversion of DNA segments containing the promoters for their expression. This means of generating surface diversity allows the organism to exhibit a wide array of distinct surface polysaccharide combinations, and may have broad implications for how the predominant human colonic microorganisms, the Bacteroides species, maintain an ecological niche in the intestinal tract.     

Web服务QoS的免疫多信号预测模型研究

合理的服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)预测是Web服务承诺的重要依据,在很大程度上关系到服务提供者的信誉.为了有效解决服务质量的预测问题,受到免疫系统多信号机制的启发,提出一种服务提供者主动的实时QoS预测模型.在多Agent仿真平台上的模拟实验和分析表明,该模型能够很好地解决实时QoS预测问题,服务提供者能够根据预测结果动态地调整Web服务的QoS承诺,从而有效提高其信誉.     

建构全纳教育理念下的汉语言文学专业的课程体系

全纳教育是21世纪国际教育的新思潮,体现国际教育的发展趋势和理想境界。借鉴全纳教育的人权观、平等观、民主观、学习观、课程教学观等先进教育理念,构建汉语言文学专业的新的课程体系,有利于学生的个性发展与未来的可持续性发展。     

几种类固醇激素对真骨鱼免疫功能的影响

从神经内分泌免疫网络的角度阐述了皮质激素、雄激素、雌激素等几种类固醇激素对真骨鱼类免疫组织细胞及抗体产生的抑制作用和促进作用，从受体水平探讨了作用的机制，为鱼类神经内分泌免疫网络研究提供了较为丰富的资料和有益的思考。     

几种类固醇激素对真骨鱼免疫功能的影响

从神经内分泌免疫网络的角度阐述了皮质激素、雄激素、雌激素等几种类固醇激素对真骨鱼类免疫组织细胞及抗体产生的抑制作用和促进作用,从受体水平探讨了作用的机制.为鱼类神经内分泌免疫网络研究提供了较为丰富的资料和有益的思考     

Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system

Marked changes in socio-economic status, cultural traditions, population growth and agriculture are affecting diets worldwide. Understanding how our diet and nutritional status influence the composition and dynamic operations of our gut microbial communities, and the innate and adaptive arms of our immune system, represents an area of scientific need, opportunity and challenge. The insights gleaned should help to address several pressing global health problems.     

CD95's deadly mission in the immune system

Apoptosis in the immune system is a fundamental process regulating lymphocyte maturation, receptor repertoire selection and homeostasis. Thus, death by apoptosis is as essential for the function of lymphocytes as growth and differentiation. This article focuses on death receptor-associated apoptosis and the role of CD95 (Apo-1/Fas)-mediated signalling in T-cell and B-cell development and during the course of an immune response. Gaining an insight into these processes improves our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and AIDS, and opens new approaches to rational treatment strategies.     

任职教育教学评价体系研究

推动和加强任职教育工作是当前军事院校教学工作的重大任务,教学质量评价体系是任职教育教学质量监控的重要组成部分,任职教育的特点对教学质量评价体系提出了更高的要求。近年来,结合所在单位的工作实践,并借鉴先进的评价经验和方法,笔者初步构建了基于理论、现地、实验、装备等四个方面的教学质量评价体系,经实际应用表明：该评价体系满足了任职教育需求。     

现代职业教育体系下的教师职能定位

现代职业教育体系的建立呼唤教师职能观的革新与教师职能的重新定位。树立现代职业教育教师职能观是提高职业教育质量的重要保障和教师全面发展的必由之径。现代职业教育体系下的教师职能包含教育职能,研究职能与服务职能。教师要履行教育职能,秉承立德树人;发挥研究职能,推进产学一体;拓展服务职能,联通校企行社。研究教师职能定位,树立现代职业教育教师职能观,是建立现代职业教育体系不可或缺的一环。     

远程教育系统的分析设计与研究

介绍了远程教育的发展状况,提出了目前远程教育系统在设计与制作时存在的一些值得注意的问题,同时,对我们设计制作的<基于Web的远程教育系统>做了简要的介绍,最后展望了我国远程教育的前景.