厌氧氨氧化工艺影响因素及其耦合工艺研究进展

厌氧氨氧化（anaerobic ammonia oxidation,Anammox）工艺作为一种经济、环保的废水脱氮工艺,受到广泛关注。然而,Anammox工艺在现有废水处理中的应用仍然面临困难,主要问题包括厌氧氨氧化细菌（Anammox bacteria,AnAOB）对环境因素的敏感性及反应体系中亚硝酸盐的供应不足。结合国内外Anammox工艺的研究,从宏观角度（实验室研究、工程应用等）和微观角度（AnAOB群落特征、AnAOB群体感应等）,针对Anammox工艺特征、影响因素、耦合工艺及其应用等方面,分析了Anammox工艺运行条件、处理效果和稳定性,概述了Anammox工艺在实际应用中的进展,并指出其阻碍因素,展望了Anammox工艺在废水处理中值得研究的方向及调控策略。     

基于SASMBR的城镇污水PN/ANAMMOX研究

基于目前短程硝化–厌氧氨氧化(partial nitritation and anammox, PN/A)工艺处理城镇污水中反应器运行不稳定和氮去除负荷低的问题, 本文设计一种新型复合生物反应器: 序批式–折流板–分置膜生物反应器(sequencing batch-baffled-separate membrane bioreactor, SASMBR)。将该反应器应用于PN/A工艺处理城镇污水, 探究反应器的性能, 并对SASMBR运行PN/A工艺的运行成本进行分析。结果表明, 采用SASMBR 反应器运行PN/A工艺处理城镇污水, 能够实现高效稳定的脱氮效果, TN去除率达到80%~85%, 氮素去除负荷(nitrogen removal rate, NRR)达到0.20~0.22 kgN/(m^-3·d^-1), 出水TN浓度维持在8 mg/L以下。16S rRNA基因测序分析发现, 短程硝化SASMBR反应器内设置的折流板能够富集氨氧化细菌(ammonia oxidation bacteria, AOB), 确保短程硝化SASMBR反应器的良好性能; 厌氧氨氧化SASMBR内固定在折流板两侧的无纺布可以有效地持留厌氧氨氧化菌(ammonium oxidizing bacteria, AnAOB), 同时, 厌氧氨氧化SASMBR内丰度升高的AOB可以为AnAOB 提供生长的厌氧环境和 NO₂^--N 基质, 使厌氧氨氧化SASMBR反应器能够快速启动和高效稳定运行。SASMBR的运行成本为0.037 元/m³, 比传统城镇污水处理厂的运行成本大幅度降低。     

金属膜生物反应器中脱氮细菌的FISH研究

为了研究金属膜生物反应器运行过程中不同的脱氮细菌的数量变化,并确定不同种类的细菌数量与处理水质之间的关系,本文对单独运行硝化槽和同时运行硝化槽和脱氮槽（A/O）金属膜生物反应器的启动和运行进行研究.利用FISH为主的分子生物学技术,对浸没式板式金属膜生物反应器的活性污泥中脱氮细菌种群结构的时空分布特性进行了初步探索.结果表明脱氮槽的加入对全菌、硝化菌的生长极为有利,尤其是亚硝酸菌的数量增加显著,同时总氮和氨氮的去除率又有不同程度的改善.     

高效反硝化菌强化固相碳源生物脱氮特性研究

以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)作为固相可生物降解模式碳源的生物填充床,针对分离获得的高效反硝化菌开展强化生物脱氮的特性研究,并利用荧光定量PCR解析反应器的微生物群落结构。结果表明,投加反硝化菌(W14)可以明显地提高反硝化脱氮效率,当水力停留时间(HRT)为0.5 h时,反硝化菌强化脱氮生物反应器的脱氮效率达到90%以上,且能有效地降低出水残余的DOC浓度。荧光定量PCR结果表明,高效反硝化菌投加强化能够增加nir S基因丰度和比例,较好地解释了不同接种生物反应器的脱氮效果差异,即反硝化菌的强化作用能有效增加反硝化菌数量并强化脱氮效果。     

分段进水对生物转盘厌氧氨氧化性能影响研究

在厌氧生物转盘反应器中研究了分段进水对厌氧氨氧化系统脱氮性能的影响。当采用单点进水时,进水亚硝酸盐氮浓度升高至300mg/L时,出水氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率同时降低到70%左右,表明了较高的亚硝酸盐氮对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制作用。当采用分段进水时,生物转盘的面积去除负荷由11.5提高到17g N/(m2d),系统脱氮能力提高了47.8%;对沿程盘片上生物膜厚度测定结果表明,生物量增加是系统脱氮能力提高的主要原因。     

生物炭强化污废水脱氮研究进展

为进一步探究生物炭作为具有丰富官能团的多孔材料对水中无机氮素的去除性能，从物化脱氮和生物脱氮两方面分析了生物炭强化物化吸附脱氮的原料、制备方法、官能团等影响因素，并总结了生物炭的含氧官能团和导电的石墨层结构，以及其独特的氧化还原特性。将生物炭作为污废水生物脱氮的电子供体及电子介导，从加速电子传递速率、优化群落结构、提升基因丰度酶活性和促进N₂O温室气体减排4方面详述生物炭电子介导强化生物脱氮过程。研究可为生物炭强化脱氮的应用和研究提供指导意义。     

CANON系统中4种脱氮相关菌丰度和多样性

全程自养脱氮(Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen removal Over Nitrite,CANON)是适用于低碳源、高氨氮水质的极具应用前景的新工艺,研究其中脱氮微生物种群和数量特征具有重要意义.利用PCR、克隆、实时荧光定量PCR等分子生物学技术,研究了小试(Lab-scale,L)和中试(Pilot-scale,P)2个CANON系统中4种与脱氮相关的细菌(分别是氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria,AOB)、亚硝酸盐氧化菌(Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria,NOB)、反硝化细菌(De Nitrifying Bacteria,DNB)和厌氧氨氧化细菌(ANaerobic AMMonium Oxidation,Anammox))的数量和种属,并研究了污泥形态对这4种菌的数量影响.结果发现,(1)L和P系统中AOB、NOB、DNB和Anammox菌数量均值分别处于1010、109、108和1010copies/g(以干污泥计)数量级.AOB和Anammox菌是CANON系统的优势菌,而NOB和DNB数量较少.(2)AOB、NOB、DNB和Anammox菌多样性不同:DNB种属最丰富,10多个属划分为5大簇;其次是Anammox菌,主要划分为Candidatus Brocadia和Candidatus Kuenenia 2簇;再次是AOB,集中在Nitrosomonas属中的N.europaea和N.eutropha 2小簇;最后是NOB,它的种属最为单一,仅含Nitrospira marine小簇.(3)污泥形态不同影响这4种菌数量:絮体污泥更适合AOB生长,生物膜更适合DNB和Anammox菌生长,但不能确定哪种形态的污泥更适合NOB生存.研究结果将为CANON系统的脱氮机理揭示和工艺优化提供理论支撑.     

化学强化剂提高生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮性能的实验研究

对采用外加化学强化剂提高生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮的性能进行实验研究.结果表明,当按最优化学强化剂添加量添加硝酸镧0.25+硝酸铈0.25 mg/L、硫酸镁0.5 g/L、乙酸钠0.3 g/L时,生物膜填料塔的NOx净化效率可达61.78%,脱硫率为100%.进一步的长时间连续运行实验结果表明,在对SO2的净化效率达到100%的同时,按添加最优化学强化剂条件实验操作的生物膜填料塔的NOx净化效率明显高于对比空白实验的NOx净化效率,其NOx净化效率的平均值提高了14.78%.实验为研究形成提高生物法烟气同时脱硫脱氮性能(尤其对提高烟气脱氮效率)的新型化学强化技术方法奠定了基础.     

一种新型的自养生物脱氮工艺研究展望

基于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化的自养生物脱氮机理,为污水的生物处理工艺提供了新的技术基础。针对目前日益严格的污水处理标准及技术要求,新型的自养生物脱氮工艺已成为国际上生物脱氮领域研究的热点,它的开发为低碳氮比污水处理提供了新的思路。近年来,人们开发了CANON自养生物脱氮工艺,通过结合序批式生物膜反应器的处理特点,进一步推动高效、低耗能脱氮技术的开发和研究。从工艺原理、特点、控制途径等方面,对CANON自养生物脱氮工艺的研究状况进行了探讨,并提出了相关的问题以及介绍生物脱氮技术的发展前景。     

低基质条件下厌氧氨氧化生物膜和颗粒污泥脱氮性能对比研究

在低基质质量浓度条件下,对海绵填料生物膜反应器和颗粒污泥反应器进行厌氧氨氧化的脱氮性能进行对比研究。研究结果表明:当进水NH4+-N和NO2--N质量浓度分别为(17.03±2.16)mg/L和(19.17±2.33)mg/L时,颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化反应器的脱氮性能明显优于海绵填料生物膜反应器的脱氮性能;保持对NH4+-N和NO2--N的平均去除率为90%以上时,通过缩短水力停留时间,颗粒污泥反应器容积氮去除速率可达3.55 kg.N/(m3·d),而海绵填料生物膜反应器仅为0.94 kg·N/(m3·d);进水中NO2--N与NH4+-N的质量浓度比能影响反应器的化学计量关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has