Mg2+掺杂对TiO2粉末晶型转变的影响与机理

取钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇和硝酸镁为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂不同量Mg^2＋的TiO2粉末，用XRD、TEM、TGDTA对粉末的晶体结构、晶粒大小和形貌进行表征，并研究了TiO2在锐钛矿型和金红石型之间的的晶型转变过程．结果表明：粉末的平均粒径为纳米级，当物质的量分数x（Mg^2＋/Ti^4＋）-1．0％，粉末平均粒径由60nm左右减为40nm左右；Mg^2＋。’的掺人延缓了TiO2由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变，且随着Mg^2＋掺入量的增加，晶型转变越不容易发生，当物质的量分数x（Mg62＋／Ti^4＋）-2．0％时，Mg^2＋在TiO2中的固溶度已经达到饱和，XRD谱图开始出现MgTi2O5的特征峰,分析了Mg^2＋的掺杂阻碍了TiO2由锐钛矿型向金红石型转变的原因．因此，掺杂适当量Mg^2＋有利于制备热稳定性比较高的锐钛矿型粉末．     

自然光下Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同Fe^3＋掺杂量（ω0．00％～3．00％）的纳米TiO。光催化剂，利用TEM，XRD，UV—Vis等技术对其形貌和结构进行了表征．以亚甲基蓝（MB）的脱色降解为模型，研究了在自然先条件下Fe^3＋掺杂量对其光催化活性的影响．结果表明．在所研究的掺杂范围内，该纳米粒子的粒径随Fe^3＋掺杂量的增加呈减小趋势；Fe^3＋的掺入不仅可以控制TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变，而且可以使该纳米微粒对光的吸收向可见区拓展；Fe^3＋的适量掺入．可以显著提高纳米TiO2在自然先条件下的催化活性．     

钕离子掺杂对TiO2相组成和光催化活性的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂钕离子的TiO2纳米粒子，并研究钕离子掺杂对TiO2相结构和光催化活性的影响，结果表明：掺杂钕离子能抑制锐钛矿相向金红石相转变，并能抑制TiO2晶粒长大；掺杂钕离子能提高TiO2的光催化活性，掺杂量为0．069％时，光催化活性最高。     

SiO2掺杂对高温处理后纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用醇盐水解法制备纳米TiO2,用SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2.并对高温处理后的掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性进行研究。XRD和TEM研究结果表明,SiO2掺杂能有效的提高晶相转变温度,阻止TiO2从锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变和晶粒的长大。实验结果表明,在1050℃高温处理后,SiO2掺杂后的TiO2仍为锐钛矿型纳米晶体。用掺杂纳米TiO2对甲基橙的降解率来表征其光降解性能,SiO2掺杂TiO2在高温处理后依然具有较好的光催化活性,850℃处理后其甲基橙降解率由未掺SiO2时的11%提高到96.48%,晶粒尺寸则由50nm减小到20 nm.     

钼掺杂对纳米TiO2粉体相结构的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的与Mo掺杂TiO2粉体,利用XRD、DSC-TGA等测试手段对制备的TiO2粉体进行表了征。结果表明：掺杂Mo对二氧化钛的晶型转变有影响,经600℃煅烧后呈金红石与锐钛矿的混合晶型,Mo^6＋替代TiO2晶格中Ti^4＋,对晶型转变起到了抑制作用。     

纳米TiO_2粉末的球磨法制备及其表征

采用球磨法制备纳米TiO2粉末,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌进行表征.结果表明,制备的TiO2粉末为锐钛矿型;随着球磨时间的增加粉末粒度达到纳米级后锐钛矿型TiO2逐渐发生了相转变,出现金红石型和锐钛矿两结构共存的形态,并有完全向金红石型转变的趋势.     

TiO_2纳米片的合成、表征及其光催化性能

采用水热合成法,以自制TiO2粉体和NaOH为原料,成功制备出TiO2纳米颗粒向纳米管转变的过渡产物TiO2纳米片.用XRD、TEM等分析手段对TiO2纳米片的形貌和晶相结构进行表征.结果表明,形貌上粉体由颗粒状转变为片状,晶相结构由金红石相向锐钛矿相转变, TiO2纳米片的生长机理符合3D-2D的生长模型.光催化实验表明,经650 ℃煅烧的原料制备出金红石相与锐钛矿相物质量比约为32∶68的TiO2纳米片,催化剂加入量0.75 g/L时,90 min后对甲基橙的光催化降解率为94.2%;TiO2纳米片光催化性能稳定.     

Ce~(3+)/TiO_2光催化剂降解孔雀石绿的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同Ce3+掺杂量、不同煅烧温度的Ce3+/TiO2光催化剂,并对所制得的光催化剂进行了系统的表征和光催化活性研究.XRD分析表明,所得粉体为锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,且Ce3+掺杂后,纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低,说明稀土Ce3+的掺杂能细化晶粒,稀土离子掺杂也有利于抑制高温时的TiO2晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型的转变;以孔雀石绿为降解物的光催化实验表明,在500℃下煅烧,n(Ce3+)∶n(TiO2)=0.5%的催化剂,加入5mL助催化剂,三基色节能灯照射2.5h,降解率可达70.2%.     

Al掺杂TiO2的制备及酸化处理对其光催化活性的影响

锐钛矿相TiO2的光催化活性高于金红石相。采用化学溶液分解法制备了舢掺杂锐钛矿TiO2,并用硝酸对其进行酸化处理。利用TG—DTA、XRD、FTIR、BET和UV-vis等手段对样品进行了表征,通过对甲基橙的降解分析了酸化处理对Al掺杂TiO2光催化活性的影响。结果表明：掺杂Al能有效抑制TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石转变。酸化处理因能增大Al掺杂TiO2的比表面积而使其光催化活性提高。Al／Ti掺杂比为1：4的样品在酸化处理后具有的光催化活性最高,60min后对甲基橙的降解达到100％。     

掺钇纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化降解性能

以价廉易得的TiCl4为原料,采用低温水解法制备出掺钇纳米TiO2光催化剂,进行了XRD分析,研究了掺钇纳米TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解性能,结果显示:掺钇阻碍了晶粒生长,抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石晶型的转变,使粒径减小,光催化降解能力增强.实验条件下,掺钇纳米TiO2光催化剂降解甲基橙的最佳投加量为2.0g/L.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with