铁对刺槐根瘤形成中根部传递细胞诱发的影响

对接种根瘤菌后的刺槐根部进行了光学显微镜和透射电镜观察。结果表明:培养于缺铁培养液中的接菌刺槐苗发生形态变化的根部,在不同时期(根毛密集形变、根部膨大、初期小瘤一直到成瘤)根外层细胞的外切向壁上可形成具壁内突的传递细胞;培养于含铁培养液中的未接菌刺槐苗根部的外层细胞,以及接菌但无形态变化的刺槐菌根部均未观察到传递细胞。电镜观察结果表明,在根瘤形成过程中,根瘤菌是刺槐根外层传递细胞的主要诱因,而缺铁仅是次要因子。     

塑料半薄切片法观察豆科植物根表面传递细胞

豆科植物合欢、紫云英、苜蓿等在接种根瘤菌后，部分根毛密集生长稍有膨大的根段，经FAA固定，GMA包埋，半薄切片（3um),PAS反应染色，在光学显微镜油镜下观察根的横切面发现，其表皮细胞或外皮层细胞的外切向壁上有明显的壁内突结构，属典型的根表面传递细胞，采用半薄切片，不仅操作简单，费用较少，且较易确定传递细胞发生的部位。     

刺槐根瘤发生的超微结构研究

通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察刺槐（Ｒｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａ）幼瘤的超微结构。刺槐根瘤中侵入线丰富、粗大，内具有高电子密度基质，基质中包埋大量根瘤菌。根瘤菌通过降解侵入线壁和从侵入线无壁泡中释放两种方式进入宿主细胞质     

莲瓣兰菌根真菌的初步研究

对莲瓣兰的菌根结构和真菌类群进行了初步研究，以期达到保护莲瓣兰种质资源，开发和利用莲瓣兰的目的。采用徒手切片，在光学显微镜下观察菌根的基本结构，并对莲瓣兰的菌根组织进行真菌分离。莲瓣兰具有典型的兰科植物菌根构造，在光学显微镜下可以观察到菌根真菌从根被侵入，通过外皮层通道细胞进入到皮层薄壁组织，在皮层薄壁细胞内形成菌丝团。通过三次分离，共得到196个菌株，这些真菌绝大多数属于半知菌和子囊菌，共计29属，其中色串孢属（Torula）占30，10％，花顶孢属（Idriella）占11．22％，为绝对优势菌。     

西瓜幼苗枯萎病侵染的解剖学研究

本试验对西瓜抗、感枯萎病品种幼苗侵染的解剖学进行了研究。结果表明，西瓜幼苗根毛区是枯萎病菌最易侵染的部位。病菌由根表皮入侵后，菌丝向皮层、维管束横向扩展的同时，也沿着根的纵轴方向在各种组织中扩展，且纵向扩展比横向扩展更快。下胚轴菌丝侵染的途经是根的纵向传导和表皮入侵。下胚轴表面的凹陷较根、茎部多，内部结构也不相同。凹陷处表皮细胞体积大，排列疏松，细胞间有空隙，菌丝在此常大量聚积并入侵。西瓜抗、感病品种接种后，根表菌量和病菌侵染速度存在明显差异。抗病品种根表菌量少，病菌侵入慢。感病品种则相反。     

根瘤菌诱导紫云英根表面传递细胞的观察

对紫云英无菌苗进行接菌处理，以不接菌为对照。于灭菌无氮培养液中培养1周，在接菌处理的紫云英苗中，取根毛密集、形变明显的根段固定，同时在不接菌对照处理的紫云英苗中，截取相应部位根段固定。两组固定的根段分别进行塑料半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片透射电镜观察。结果发现：经根瘤菌处理的根段，其根表皮细胞的外切向壁上，发育出大量壁内突结构，甚至在根毛细胞四周也发育出大量的壁内突结构，属典型的传递细胞。经透射电镜观察，这些壁内突结构主要为乳头状和盾状结构。而对照苗的根段内未发现壁内突结构，证明紫云英根表皮传递细胞的形成是由紫云英根瘤菌诱导所致。     

大豆根毛对大豆根瘤菌的生化吸附及其对结瘤影响的研究

本文研究证明大豆根毛与大豆根瘤菌具有专化性生化吸附作用。吸附主要发生在根毛端部。同一棵根上不是所有的根毛都能发生生化吸附,吸附与根毛的生长令期有关。用13种大豆根瘤菌株系与7个大豆品种根毛生化吸附实验表明,吸附率明显地存在有差异性,但这种差异与结瘤量无相关性。使用本研究发现的生化吸附率高而不能结瘤的1.174大豆根瘤菌株系与吸附率较低而结瘤力强的113—2或61A67大豆根瘤菌株系双接菌,证明能明显降低113—2或地61A76的结瘤量,表现出大豆根毛生化吸附具有竞争性抑制大豆根瘤菌的侵入、结瘤作用,对理论研究和实际应用具有一定重要意义。     

热带假丝酵母二型性菌体细胞的形态和结构差异

用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究热带假丝酵母（Candida tropicalis)的二塑性，菌丝体（M）和单细胞酵母（Y）形态差异很大，M是长管状多,细胞 相连，Y则是球形的单个细胞，内部结构上也体现了与其形态的相适应性，M菌丝顶端大的液泡为菌丝的延伸提供压力，但当顶端生长芽管时，大液泡会分裂成小液泡，部分小液泡进入芽管；菌丝顶端和侧面的泡囊，与其顶端生长和侧枝发生有关，单细胞酵母中，靠近母细胞和子细胞相连的部位，有些囊泡和颗粒物质，可能与细胞的新壁形成和分开有关。     

刺槐根瘤菌侵入线研究中的电镜制样方法

介绍一显示刺槐根瘤中侵入线超微结构的电镜制方法。以透射电镜制样方法为基础，将制好的刺槐根瘤树脂块，在同一部位用超薄切片机制成厚切片和超薄切片。厚切片经脱树脂后，扫描电镜观察；超薄切片经染色后，透射电镜镜检。     

皱马鞍菌子囊盘（菌盖）结构的光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察，了解到皱马鞍菌的子囊盘（菌盖）是由子实层、囊层基、囊盘被３个部分组成。其子实层是由子囊和侧丝镶嵌排列组成。前者呈圆筒形、具柄，内含８个椭圆形的、外壁具网纹的、单行排列的子囊孢子。顶端不增厚，无顶端装置，但具纵裂缝，成熟的子囊孢子由裂缝散发出来；后者细长，具横隔，由多细胞组成。在子实层排列中，其顶端膨大部分超过了子囊的高度，聚集形成假囊层被。其囊层基位于子实层与囊盘被     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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