反铁电爆电换能电源研究

为了建立铁电－反铁电相变中释放的电能量与外加作用力场的关系，采用电滞回线、等静压和热释电等方法测量了Pb(Zr,Ti)O3基反铁电材料在电场、温度、压力等外场诱导下的铁电－反铁电相变性能，分析了在电容和电阻负载条件下的电输出特性。实验结果表明：铁电－反铁电相变中的输出功率与材料面电荷量的平方成正比，与实现相变的时间成反比。在此基础上提出了增加输出功率的途径。通过改善材料电滞回线的方直比，可以提高材料面电荷密度和缩短相变时间。     

豚鼠耳蜗基底膜的振动特性

为探讨豚鼠耳蜗基底膜的听觉机制,利用多普勒激光测振技术进行了声音在28只成年健康豚鼠耳中传递的测试实验.将豚鼠麻醉后切断头取出听泡,采用电钻暴露其耳蜗基底膜,利用多普勒激光测振仪在给定的声压级、频率的纯音激励条件下测量豚鼠外耳道耳蜗基底膜的振动速度,并测量了中耳镫骨的振动速度.结果表明,豚鼠外耳道基底膜具有频率选择特性,而且其基底膜的振动具有行波特性.     

音响传感器的振动特性及非线性度测量

对于应用十分广泛的音响振动传感器,以机电类比的分析方法分析得出了机电类比等效线路及有关参数。并应用所得等效线路对振动传感器的固有振动特性和迫振特性作了详尽的理论分析。文章还介绍了影响非线性失真的主要因素,阐述了简单适用的“电动机”式非线性失真的测试电路及其原理,并论证了振动传感器在“电动机”运行状态下非线性度测试结果适用于“发电机”运行状态。     

基于液电馈能减振器的整车操纵稳定性仿真

通过仿真分析液电馈能减振器对操纵稳定性的影响,得到了液电馈能减振器在不同仿真工况下的评价指标与传统减振器基本保持一致的结果,具备实车试验可行性.描述了液电馈能减振器工作原理,并描述其阻尼特性;选取具有代表性的工况进行仿真研究,如双移线、转向盘角阶跃和鱼钩测试等工况,将车身横摆角速度、侧倾角和侧向加速度作为评价指标,通过对比上述三个指标来评价液电馈能减振器对车辆操纵稳定性的影响;选取马达排量、单向阀开启压力和管路内径作为关键参数,分析其对操纵稳定性的影响,为液电馈能悬架的匹配提供理论基础.      

环境湿度对兔毛机械性能的影响

为了解湿度对兔毛纤维加工过程的影响 ,以便确定合理的加油水量及车间温湿度 ,采用不同含湿的兔毛纤维对其表面摩擦性能及纤维断裂强力进行了测试 ,发现随湿度的增加 ,兔毛纤维的断裂强力下降很多 ,而伸长增加则不明显 ;纤维表面摩擦系数随湿度的增加而增大     

牦牛绒衫的缩绒工艺与其服用性能的关系

研究了牦牛绒衫的缩绒工艺与其服用性能的关系 .测试了经不同缩绒工艺处理后的 1 8块小样的面积缩率、顶破强力、保暖率和拉伸弹性恢复率等指标 .统计分析了缩绒工艺参数间关系 ,得到了一些规律 .     

Cell cycle and cell signal transduction in marine phytoplankton

tAs unicellular phytoplankton, the growth of a marine phytoplankton population results directly from the completion of a cell cycle, therefore, cell-environment communication is an important way which involves signal transduction pathways to regulate cell cycle progression and contribute to growth, metabolism and primary production and respond to their surrounding environment in marine phytoplankton. Cyclin-CDK and CaM/Ca²⁺ are essentially key regulators in control of cell cycle and signal transduction pathway, which has important values on both basic research and applied biotechnology. This paper reviews progress made in this research field, which involves the identification and characterization of cyclins and cell signal transduction system, cell cycle-control mechanisms in marine phytoplankton cells, cell cycle proteins as a marker of a terminal event to estimate the growth rate of phytoplankton at the species level, cell cycle-dependent toxin production of toxic algae and cell cycle progression regulated by environmental factors.     

The development of taste transduction and taste chip technology

Taste is one of important sensations. The primary taste sensations commonly are categorized as sweet, acid, bitter, salty and umami, of which various tastes are composed. The sensation of taste is initiated by the interaction of tas- tants with receptors and ion channels in the apical micro- villi of taste receptor cells (TRCs) when some sapid molecules (tastants) dissolve in saliva. Subsequently, through a cellular signaling pathway (TRC depolarization and Ca2+ release) gustatory signals a…     

Electrokinetic shape changes of cochlear outer hair cells

Rapid mechanical changes have been associated with electrical activity in a variety of non-muscle excitable cells. Recently, mechanical changes have been reported in cochlear hair cells. Here we describe electrically evoked mechanical changes in isolated cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) with characteristics which suggest that direct electrokinetic phenomena are implicated in the response. OHCs make up one of two mechanosensitive hair cell populations in the mammalian cochlea; their role may be to modulate the micromechanical properties of the hearing organ through mechanical feedback mechanisms. In the experiments described here, we applied sinusoidally modulated electrical potentials across isolated OHCs; this produced oscillatory elongation and shortening of the cells and oscillatory displacements of intracellular organelles. The movements were a function of the direction and strength of the electrical field, were inversely related to the ionic concentration of the medium, and occurred in the presence of metabolic uncouplers. The cylindrical shape of the OHCs and the presence of a system of membranes within the cytoplasm--laminated cisternae--may provide the anatomical substrate for electrokinetic phenomena such as electro-osmosis.     

翼手目6种蝙蝠毛发显微结构研究

对翼手目大蹄蝠、中蹄蝠、中菊头蝠、普氏蹄蝠、普通伏翼和皱唇犬吻蝠腹部毛发进行显微结构观察与分析.结果表明:(1)6种蝙蝠腹部毛发的长度和宽度有不同,大蹄蝠和普通伏翼存在显著性差异;(2)6种蝙蝠腹部毛发鳞片形态和分布存在显著性差异,而且其鳞片大小也有显著差异.这些差异有利于分辨和识别该6种蝙蝠.     

等离子体联合狗毛蛋白改性的毛/粘混纺纱的染色性能

采用3因素3水平正交实验,以上染百分率为指标,优选出有利于改善毛/粘混纺纱线活性染料染色性能的最佳空气等离子体处理条件,即压力120Pa,功率120W,时间5min.并研究经此等离子体联合狗毛蛋白助剂改性的毛/粘混纺纱线的染色性能.结果表明,二者联合处理的混纺纱线的染色性能进一步提高.     

Sound-induced motility of isolated cochlear outer hair cells is frequency-specific

The inner ear is capable of highly selective frequency discrimination. This is achieved not only by the travelling wave of the basilar membrane in the cochlear partition, but also by the active participation of nonlinear and vulnerable elements that enhance frequency selectivity. It has been shown that isolated mammalian outer hair cells respond with a change in length when subjected to sound stimulation at a fixed frequency. Here we investigate the motile behaviour of isolated cells when the stimulus frequency is varied between 200 and 10,000 Hz. By varying the frequency and the intensity of the tone, it is possible to obtain 'tuning curves' for the motile response. We demonstrate that the cell body of solitary hair cells, free from contact with the basilar membrane, shows a sharply tuned motile behaviour. We suggest that frequency selectivity in the organ of Corti is amplified by the tuned motility of the cell body of outer hair cells.