Constructing parametric triangular patches with boundary conditions

The problem of constructing a parametric triangular patch to smoothly connect three surface patches is studied. Usually, these surface patches are de?ned on di?erent parameter spaces. Therefore, it is necessary to de?ne interpolation conditions, with values from the given surface patches, on the boundary of the triangular patch that can ensure smooth transition between di?erent parameter spaces. In this paper we present a new method to de?ne boundary conditions. Boundary conditions de?ned by the new method have the same parameter space if the three given surface patches can be converted into the same form through a?ne transformation. Consequently, any of the classic methods for constructing functional triangular patches can be used directly to construct a parametric triangular patch to connect given surface patches with G1 continuity. The resulting parametric triangular patch preserves precision of the applied classic method.     

一种曲面网格优化的通用算法

提出了一种曲面网格优化的通用算法,该算法基于一些预先定义的优化准则,将给定的网格曲面优化成为单位网格曲面,定义了两种指导优化过程的优化标准。在优化过程中采用了三种优化算子（边分裂、边消除、边替换）,是一个简单的曲面网格优化的通用算法。     

基于平方距离函数的曲面分片参数化重构

提出了基于平方距离函数的曲面分片参数化重构方法，实现了任意拓扑结构模型表面的参数化重构．在四边形网格模型基础上，得到各表面片及其边界线初始参数化模型，以平方距离函数作为误差的度量，采用逐步迭代的方法，使初始参数化模型逼近目标表面．首先，重构出表面片的边界线网格，然后再进行表面片的重构，使重构过程中各参数化表面片始终保持位置连续，因此有效地避免了三维数据点云的参数化问题．其中，影响重构质量的关键因素——四边形网格划分问题，可以通过惩罚项的引入得到改进．实验表明，该方法对复杂模型表面可以得到满意的参数化曲面重构结果．     

基于固定边界的直纹面构造近似可展曲面

对边界固定直纹面提出用重新参数化边界曲线的方法来提高直纹面的可展程度。首先对一类边界曲线为二次的直纹面，证明了用一次有理函数重新参数化边界曲线可以使直纹面真正可展，然后对其他的边界曲线分别为二次和三次的直纹面，给出了衡量其可展程度的目标函数，并用牛顿迭代法求出使目标函数极小的一次有理函数，用求得的一次有理函数来重新参数化边界曲线使直纹面实现近似可展。最后通过改进方法，对一些特殊情况引入了分段的一次有理函数来重新参数化边界曲线，使得直纹面的可展程度有了进一步提高。     

面向3+2轴加工的复杂曲面划分算法

为了达到使用3+2轴机床分区加工复杂曲面的目的,提出一种基于聚类算法和法矢方向锥的二叉空间划分的复杂曲面划分算法。该方法将曲面在其参数域内划分为四边形区域,并将边界划分为原曲面的等参数线,使得该四边形区域在原曲面的参数域内为矩形,并且每个区域受其法矢锥的锥角所限制。使用二叉空间划分方法划分参数域,直至所有曲面的法矢锥的锥角满足约束条件。对于每个待划分曲面,可在聚类算法求解出的聚类中心之间,选择出参数域内最优的划分边界。使用UG/OPEN API进行了仿真实验,将某一复杂曲面分划为3个区域,并且所有区域的法矢锥的锥角小于45°。试验结果表明,在3+2轴加工中,可使用此曲面划分算法将原曲面划分为多个区域,并生成具有光滑边界且总量较少的一组曲面。     

三角域Bezier曲面若干算法研究

从待拟合曲面的曲率变化大小出发 ,有针对性地提出新的三角域 Bezier曲面拟合算法和曲面曲率变化小的曲面拟合方法 ,进一步推导了曲面曲率变化大的曲面拟合方法 ;另外还研究了三角域 Bezier曲面对矩形域 Bezier曲面的逼近算法 ,给出了三角 Bezier曲面片表示矩形 Bezier曲面片的显式公式 ,通过图示形象化描绘了特征顶点递推过程 ,并指出了特征顶点递推公式。该算法在彩色 CRT校正透镜CAD系统中得到成功应用     

易于拼接且形状可调的Bézier曲线曲面

为了增强Bézier曲线曲面形状表示的灵活性,同时简化Bézier曲线曲面的光滑拼接条件,构造了3组含参数的多项式基函数,并由它们定义了结构分别类似于二次、三次、四次Bézier曲线曲面的新曲线曲面.它们不仅保留了Bézier曲线曲面的基本性质,而且还具有形状可调性,并且由新曲线曲面构成的组合曲线曲面可以在简单的条件下实现G2或G3光滑拼接.另外还给出了构造与给定多边形相切的曲线的方法,该方法简单有效,而且曲线对给定的多边形是保形的.     

C~2光滑插值曲面片

本文给出一种构造C~2光滑参数三角曲面片的方法,所生成的三角曲面片插值空间R~3中的三个已知点,并以这些点处的已知法向量为三角曲面片在相应点处切平面的法向量。在本文给出的方法中,需要的所有Bezier点均可通过简单的代数显式公式求出,并且Bezier点的个数被减少,为在微机上产生复杂插值曲面打下了较好的基础。     

带形状参数Bézier型曲线曲面及其应用

在三角函数空间中构造了一组带有形状参数的基函数,具有类似于Bernstein基函数的性质,称其为Bern-stein型基函数,利用此基函数定义Bézier型曲线及张量积Bézier型曲面。分析了形状参数对曲线曲面形状的调节作用,调节形状参数可以使Bézie型曲线从双边逼近Bézier曲线,且可以精确表示抛物线、椭圆弧(圆弧)等,同时,Bézier型曲面仅需较少的曲面片即可精确重建椭球面(球面)及圆柱型曲面,可以达到C1连续足以满足工程中的需求。     

新型曲面四边形边界元精细后处理方法研究

为了精确计算三维静电场的电场强度和电位分布,提出了新型曲面四边形边界元方法．在该方法中,对模型边界面进行二阶四边形单元剖分,对二阶单元顶点上的节点号重新编号,以单元的顶点为求解点,根据二阶四边形曲面参数方程,结合面积比值法定义的曲面单元顶点的形状函数,计算曲面单元顶点的函数值．与一阶平面四边形边界元相比,新型曲面边界元法在没有增加计算节点的情况下,由于采用更接近实际边界的曲面积分,计算精度将明显提高．但由于边界面采用二阶单元粗略剖分,单元数量相对较少,剖分后的模型较粗糙．虽然顶点节点上的函数值比较精确,但只能以平面线性单元的形式显示,离实际模型边界差别较大．本文就此提出边界元精细后处理方法．在该方法中,对曲面单元两边按一定步长等分,再根据曲面的参数方程把曲面单元精细显示出来．单元上新建节点的函数值可由曲面单元顶点上的函数值和面积比值法定义的形状函数插值得到．最后形成经精细显示后的新型曲面边界元方法．算例表明,经精细显示后边界面比未处理前更接近实际边界．     

Parameterization for fitting triangular mesh

In recent years, with the development of 3D data acquisition equipments, the study on reverse engineering has become more and more important. However, the existing methods for parameterization can hardly ensure that the parametric domain is rectangular, and the parametric curve grid is regular. In order to overcome these limitations, we present a novel method for parameterization of triangular meshes in this paper. The basic idea is twofold: first, because the isotherms in the steady temperature do not intersect with each other, and are distributed uniformly, no singularity (fold-over) exists in the parameterization; second, a 3D harmonic equation is solved by the finite element method to obtain the steady temperature field on a 2D triangular mesh surface with four boundaries. Therefore, our proposed method avoids the embarrassment that it is impossible to solve the 2D quasi-harmonic equation on the 2D triangular mesh without the parametric values at mesh vertices. Furthermore, the isotherms on the temperature field are taken as a set of iso-parametric curves on the triangular mesh surface. The other set of iso-parametric curves can be obtained by connecting the points with the same chord-length on the isotherms sequentially. The obtained parametric curve grid is regular, and distributed uniformly, and can map the triangular mesh surface to the unit square domain with boundaries of mesh surface to boundaries of parametric domain, which ensures that the triangular mesh surface or point cloud can be fitted with the NURBS surface.     

An extension of Bernstein-Bezier surface over the triangular domain

In this paper, a set of quasi-Bernstein polynomials of degree n with one parameter is presented, which is an extension of the Bernstein polynomials over the triangular domain. Using the presented polynomials as basis functions, we construct a class of shape adjusting surfaces defined over the triangular domain with a shape parameter, namely, quasi-B-B parametric surfaces. These surfaces share many properties with the B-B parametric surfaces. In particular, when shape parameters equal 1, they degenerate to be the B-B parametric surfaces. By changing the value of the shape parameter, we can get different surfaces under the fixed control net.     

An extension of Bernstein-Bézier surface over the triangular domain

In this paper, a set of quasi-Bernstein polynomials of degree n with one parameter is presented, which is an extension of the Bernstein polynomials over the triangular domain. Using the presented polynomials as basis functions, we construct a class of shape adjusting surfaces defined over the triangular domain with a shape parameter, namely, quasi-B-B parametric surfaces. These surfaces share many properties with the B-B parametric surfaces. In particular, when shape parameters equal 1, they degenerate to be the B-B parametric surfaces. By changing the value of the shape parameter, we can get different surfaces under the fixed control net.     

An extension of Bernstein-Bézier surface over the triangular domain

In this paper, a set of quasi-Bernstein polynomials of degree n with one parameter is presented, which is an extension of the Bernstein polynomials over the triangular domain. Using the presented polynomials as basis functions, we construct a class of shape adjusting surfaces defined over the triangular domain with a shape parameter, namely, quasi-B-B parametric surfaces. These surfaces share many properties with the B-B parametric surfaces. In particular, when shape parameters equal 1, they degenerate to be the B-B parametric surfaces. By changing the value of the shape parameter, we can get different surfaces under the fixed control net.     

CAGD中散乱数据点的三角曲面构造研究

过任意散乱数据点列构造Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ三角形插值曲面，用于曲面设计及各种连续信息的形状模拟具有重要意义。提出一种新可处理任意复杂域三角网格生成问题的简单而可靠的算法及其确定三角曲面整体Ｃ＾１连续与构造的几何化公式，直观性强，计算方便，并能处理任意非凸边界及带有内部孔洞的复杂情况。     

叶片NC轨迹规划及测量技术研究

针对裁剪叶片曲面参数和实际边界不匹配的问题,提出了一种参数映射方法。通过对叶片曲面进行重新参数化,使一个规范化参数域与裁剪叶片实际边界相匹配,并在规范化参数域上规划刀具轨迹。同时利用规范化参数域生成等参数线,并按照弦公差方法在等参数线上规划测量点。最后经三坐标测量机测量实物,返回实际测量点与理论点进行比对,得出测量结果。     

一种Bezier曲面模型嵌入水印的方法

介绍一种Bezier曲面片嵌入数字水印的新方法.对于由多段Bezier曲面片构成的曲面,每个Bezier曲面片通过四角的控制顶点,嵌入水印过程是将一个Bezier曲面片细分为两片.每一次细分在原始曲面片上将产生两个附加的顶点,通过曲面片细分使水印嵌入到曲面中.     

船体曲面的NURBS表达与设计

在AutoCAD的ObjectARX开发环境中，以VC^ 为编程语言，建立了AutoCAD图形数据库与外部数据库的数据链接，采用非均匀有理B样条技术，对综合定型值点的船体曲面插值及边界条件处理进行了研究， 构造出以NURBS为统一数学表达式的船体曲面。根据投影原理，对船体曲面与任意平面的求交问题给出数值算法。首先用直线段逼近曲面的单参数曲线，在投影坐标系内求出直线段与平面的交点，再将交点映射到实际坐标系中得到真实的交点，这些点的集合即为平面与曲面的交线。     

A new method for automatically constructing convexity-preserving interpolatory splines

Constructing a convexity-preserving interpolating curve according to the given planar data points is a problem to be solved in computer aided geometric design (CAGD). So far, almost all methods must solve a system of equations or recur to a complicated iterative process, and most of them can only generate some function-form convexity-preserving interpolating curves which are unaccommodated with the parametric curves, commonly used in CAGD systems. In order to overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a new method that can automatically generate some parametric convexity-preserving polynomial interpolating curves but dispensing with solving any system of equations or going at any iterative computation. The main idea is to construct a family of interpolating spline curves first with the shape parameter a as its family parameter; then, using the positive conditions of Bernstein polynomial to respectively find a range in which the shape parameter a takes its value for two cases of global convex data points and piecewise convex data points so as to make the corresponding interpolating curves convexity-preserving and C2(or G1) continuous. The method is simple and convenient, and the resulting interpolating curves possess smooth distribution of curvature. Numerical examples illustrate the correctness and the validity of theoretical reasoning.     

直线与参数曲面求交的一种有效算法

参数曲面求交是曲面造型中的最基本、最重要的问题之一。针对该问题，提出了一种计算直线与参数曲面的交点的有效方法。该方法基于参数曲面的几何不变性，通过对其进行几何变换，将直线转换成投影面垂直线；利用过直线的假想平面对曲面片进行反得分割，直到新的曲面片边界参数值之差满足给定的精度要求为止，以其平均值为交点的参数值。并以双三次参数B样条曲面为例，给出了具体的实现算法。