经皮肾输尿管镜弹道碎石治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨经皮肾穿刺输尿管肾镜（简称PCN）下气压弹道碎石为主，联合体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）治疗上尿路残余结石的疗效。方法自2003年8月-2005年8月分别采用经皮肾穿刺输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合ESWL治疗上尿路结石患者253例。结果结石总排净率为90．2％（227／253），其中复杂肾结石排净率为77％（41／53），输尿管结石排净率为93．0％（186／200）。并发症主要为输尿管穿孔及血尿。结论采用此联合方法治疗上尿路结石的排净率高，损伤小，出血少，可有效地避免开放手术之痛苦。     

体外冲击波治疗复杂性上尿路结石

本文报告采用 ESWL 治疗复杂性上尿路结石57例的结果,全部碎石成功,无严重并发症发生。笔者在讨论中对采用体外冲击波碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石进行评价,并着重讨论其碎石治疗的原则以及输尿管石街的处理。     

上尿路结石梗阻并急性脓肾治疗分析

目的提高上尿路结石梗阻并急性脓肾的诊断水平及治愈率,减少并发症。方法总结上尿路结石梗阻并急性脓肾的诊断、治疗及手术方法,共34例,诊断明确,充分术前准备,行经尿道输尿管结石碎石取石术、MPCNL术、肾切除术,术后充分引流＋抗炎支持治疗。结果34例上尿路结石梗阻并急性脓。肾患者全部治愈,结石清除率98％,保肾31例,保肾率91％。未发生败血症、休克、大出血、漏尿等并发症,无死亡病例。结论诊断明确,充分的术前准备,正确的手术方式,熟练的手术技巧是治疗上尿路结石梗阻并急性脓肾、减少并发症的关键。     

B超引导行微通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术360例临床经验

目的总结应用B超引导行微通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石360例的临床经验。方法对360例上尿路结石患者施行B超引导行微通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术,通道直径F16-F18。结果 360例患者全部穿刺成功,顺利建立经皮肾取石通道,其中341例建立单通道,19例建立双通道;一期手术292例,66例行二期手术,2例行三期手术。结石取净率87.2%。结论 B超引导行微通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石是一种安全有效的手术治疗方法。     

组合式输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗上尿路结石41例报告

探讨组合式输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石治疗上尿路结石的临床效果。对甘肃省人民医院泌尿外科2013年1月~2014年6月行输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗上尿路结石的41例患者资料进行回顾性分析。其中肾中、上盏结石17例,肾下盏结石2例,肾盂结石16例,上段输尿管结石2例,多肾盏结石4例。结石直径平均17 mm(8~30mm)。全麻或硬膜外麻醉下,探及结石后采用钬激光击碎结石。术后常规留置F5~7双J管,留置导尿管2~5d。术后4周常规复查KUB或B超,评价碎石排净率。本组41例中,一次成功碎石率94.9%(37/39),其中2例均因肾下盏结石输尿管软镜无法完全到位而中止手术。手术时间平均为47min(40~120min)。术后住院时间平均5d(3~7 d),所有病例未出现严重的并发症。术后4周拔除双J管,碎石排净率为91.9%(35/37)。组合式输尿管软镜治疗上尿路结石,具有微创、疗效确实、并发症少的优点。     

输尿管镜下尿路结石钬激光碎石术的护理

钬激光是利用稀有元素钬为激发介质的固态脉冲式激光。钬激光在泌尿外科领域应用十分广泛。本文对我院2000年11月～2006年10月开展输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治疗尿路结石258例的术前护理，术后护理及出院指导等问题进行了一些探索，并阐述了一些具体做法。     

新标准通道经皮肾镜治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨B超引导下新标准通道经皮肾镜治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效.方法 采用新标准通道与微通道经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)治疗肾、输尿管上段结石79例.新标准通道组43例,微通道组36例.全部使用瑞士EMS--Vario.四代气压弹道联合超声吸附碎石清石系统碎石取石,比较2种通道的疗效.结果 79例穿刺均一次成功.两小组手...     

CT值对ESWL成功率预测的研究

目的了解非增强螺旋CT的结石CT值对预测上尿路结石体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）后结石排空率的价值。方法对35例结石大小在0.5-1.5cm需行ESWL的上尿路单发结石患者先行非增强螺旋CT检查,并测定结石CT值,经ESWL后复查B超及腹平片检查,随访3个月,根据碎石屑残留与否,将35例患者分结石排空组及结石残留组（将残留碎石屑〈3mm者归入排空组）。统计学分析两组间患者的基本特征,结石CT值、能量冲击次数。结果结石排空者25例（71.4％）,结石残留组10例（28.6％）,总的结石排空组与残留组的结石平均CT值分别为（650±185）HU和（950±282）HU（t=5.463,P〈0.01）,差异有统计学意义。结论非增强螺旋CT的结石CT值能预测体内上尿路结石ESWL后结石的粉碎率和排空率。CT值低者ESWL后结石容易被粉碎和易于排空;CT值高者结石的粉碎率和排空率明显下降。此类患者则可考虑选择输尿管镜下取石碎术、经皮肾穿刺取石碎术。     

输尿管下段结石气压弹道碎石与体外冲击波碎石术的比较

目的：比较输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术（PL）与体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）治疗输尿管下段结石的疗效。方法：对经PL（PL组）和ESWL（ESWL组）治疗的输尿管下段结石患者的临床资料进行比较。结果：PL组单次碎石成功率为96-3％，ESWL组为62．7％（P〈0．01）；PL组术后4W结石排净率为98．4％．ESWL组为68．2％。两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管下段结石的疗效明显优于ESWL。     

一种磁水壶的研制及其对尿路结石症的防治效果

报告了一种具有磁场处理水结构的瓷茶壶，对尿路结石症患者有明显的治疗效果，有效率达７１％，治愈率达４３％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with