Gastrointestinal transit and digestibility of maltitol,sucrose and sorbitol in rats: A multicompartmental model and recovery study

Using data obtained with a dye marker and the gavage technique, the kinetics of gastrointestinal transit of different loads of sugar substitutes (maltitol, sorbitol) and sugar (sucrose) in the rat were analysed using a linear multicompartmental model over a range from the realistic to the non-physiologic high, of carbohydrate intake levels and using only a few experimental time points. The model gave detailed insight into intestinal propulsion and gastrocecal transit time. Rate constants of transport between the compartments investigated were determined; they showed characteristics which could be related to the substance and the dosage administered. Analyses of the gastrointestinal content and calculations of the intestinal net water movement showed that the digestibility and absorption of the disaccharide sugar alcohol, maltitol, in the small gut depended inversely on the dose ingested. For all substances tested, caloric availability in the small intestine was calculated. At a physiological low level of maltitol intake, the results also indicated an insignificant calorie-saving effect in comparison to sucrose, an effect based mainly on the slow absorption rate of the maltitol cleavage product sorbitol.     

Monoaminoguanidine prevents sorbitol accumulation, nonenzymatic protein glycosylation and development of kidney lesions in diabetic rats

Monoaminoguanidine administration (25 mg/kg b.wt, i.p. for 14 weeks) to alloxan diabetic rats (blood glucose greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl) decreased the nonenzymatic protein glycosylation and sorbitol levels. It prevented development of Armanni-Ebstein tubular lesions, pathological changes in the glomerular capillary tufts and glomerular basement membrane thickening in the kidney.     

Monoaminoguanidine prevents sorbitol accumulation,nonenzymatic protein glycosylation and development of kidney lesions in diabetic rats

Summary Monoaminoguanidine administration (25 mg/kg b.wt, i.p. for 14 weeks) to alloxan diabetic rats (blood glucose 250 mg/dl) decreased the nonenzymatic protein glycosylation and sorbitol levels. It prevented development of Armanni-Ebstein tubular lesions, pathological changes in the glomerular capillary tufts and glomerular basement membrane thickening in the kidney.CDRI Communication no. 4694.     

Hypolipidemic action of onion and garlic unsaturated oils in sucrose fed rats over a two-month period

Summary The feeding of a high-sucrose diet to normal rats for a period of 2 months increased serum and tissue cholesterol and triglycerides very significantly. Simultaneous feeding of the unsaturated oils of onion or garlic with the sucrose diet counterated these effects of sucrose. However, along with the lipid-reducing effects, a small but significant tissue-protein reducing effect of the oils were also observed. The hypolipidemic action of the oils may be related to their action on both lipid and protein synthesis.The authors acknowledge with thanks Prof. J. K. Sen Gupta, and the authorities of the University of Maiduguri for the award of a grant to this project. Authors, to whom reprint requests should be addressed.     

Plasma lipid concentration and lipoprotein distribution in exercising and nonexercising rats fed a high sucrose diet

Summary Voluntary physical activity in rats fed a high sucrose diet reduces the plasma triglyceride level but has no major influence on the lipoprotein distribution.Acknowledgment. The excellent technical assistance of Ida Goffeng Bay is gratefully acknowledged.     

Influence of extra sucrose,fats, protein and of cyclamate in the daily food on the life-span of rats

Résumé Une quantité supplémentaire de 15 Cal/100 Cal de viande maigre sèchée ou de beurre dans un régime humain typique diminue la durée de vie du rat Wistar par comparaison avec des témoins et des animaux qui avaient reçu dans leur régime une quantité supplémentaire de sucre ou d'huile de tournesol. La durée de vie de ces derniers groupes fut la même. Un autre groupe qui avait reçu dans son régime de cyclamate de sodium au lieu de 2/3 de la quantité normale de sucre présenta un poids plus élevé et une durée de vie plus longue que les autres groupes.     

Stomach ulcers in rats. New experimental model and protection by a triterpene healing agent]

An experimental model using restricted diet and exposure to cold for several weeks was devised. Following a two-week treatment with a triterpen healing agent, the rate of ulcerative lesion was significantly decreased.     

Ultracentrifugation of yeast cells in a gradient of acrylamide gel and sucrose

Zusammenfassung Dichtegefälle-Ultrazentrifugation, verbunden mit Photopolymerisation von Akrylamid, ist geeignet um lebende, unverletzte Zellen unbeweglich in Bänder zu trennen, insofern sie sich punkto Gewicht, Volumen, Dichte oder Beweglichkeit im Dichtegefälle unterscheiden. Verschieden ernährte Hefezellen-Gruppen (Candida albicans) zeigten verschiedene Bandenverteilungen.     

The human leukemia cell line, THP-1: a multifacetted model for the study of monocyte-macrophage differentiation

THP-1 is a human monocytic leukemia cell line. After treatment with phorbol esters, THP-1 cells differentiate into macrophage-like cells which mimic native monocyte-derived macrophages in several respects. Compared to other human myeloid cell lines, such as HL-60, U937, KG-1, or HEL cell lines, differentiated THP-1 cells behave more like native monocyte-derived macrophages. Because of these characteristics, the THP-1 cell line provides a valuable model for studying the mechanisms involved in macrophage differentiation, and for exploring the regulation of macrophage-specific genes as they relate to physiological functions displayed by these cells.     

Prenatal development in the rat following administration of cyclamate,saccharin and sucrose

Zusammenfassung Studien über die Keimentwicklung bei der Ratte nach hoher Dosierung mit Na-Cyclamat, Na-Saccharin oder Saccharose während der organogenetischen Phase ergaben keine embryotoxischen oder teratogenen Effekte.     

Relationships between cerebral transit time of non-diffusible indicators and cerebral blood flow. A comparative study with krypton85 and radioalbumin

Riassunto Il flusso sanguigno cerebrale è stato misurato con il metodo della clearance regionale del Kr⁸⁵. I valori del flusso sono stati confrontati con le misure del tempo medio di transito di radioalbumina nella stessa regione cerebrale. È stata dimostrata una correlazione significativa tra le due serie di misure, e sono stati calcolati i limiti fiduciali e di tolleranza per la regressione.

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This work has been supported by a Research Grant of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.     

Behaviour of a guanidine-dependent strain of poliovirus 1 in sucrose density and pH gradients

Riassunto La densità in gradiente di saccarosio ed il punto isoelettrico delle particlle virali di poliovirus guanidino-dipendentri non differiscono da quelle del virus guanidino-sensibile di origine.     

Effect of bilateral nephrectomy on the recovery of blood pressure after acute hemorrhage in rats: role of renin-angiotensin system

The effect of bilateral nephrectomy, and administration of an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, on the recovery of arterial blood pressure after hemorrhage (loss of 1% of b.wt), was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Neither manoeuver significantly affected the recovery of blood pressure within the first 10 min after hemorrhage. Thereafter, the recovery of the blood pressure was markedly suppressed. The study suggests that the initial recovery of blood pressure is unrelated to the kidneys, but the later one requires their presence and depends on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system.     

Effect of bilateral nephrectomy on the recovery of blood pressure after acute hemorrhage in rats: Role of renin-angiotensin system

Summary The effect of bilateral nephrectomy, and administration of an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, on the recovery of arterial blood pressure after hemorrhage (loss of 1% of b.wt), was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Neither manuver significantly affected the recovery of blood pressure within the first 10 min after hemorrhage. Thereafter, the recovery of the blood pressure was markedly suppressed. The study suggests that the initial recovery of blood pressure is unrelated to the kidneys, but the later one requires their presence and depends on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system.     

Influence of flupirtine, a novel nonopioid analgesic agent on somatosensory evoked potentials in rats.

The effect of flupirtine, a novel nonopioid analgesic, on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) was investigated in anesthetized rats. Primary somatosensory potentials were evoked in the cerebral cortex by stimulation of the skin of the whiskery part of the face. Flupirtine injected i.p. dose-dependently prolonged the latency and reduced the amplitude of SEP with ID50-values of 5.4 mg/kg (2.6-9.3 mg/kg) and 7.9 mg/kg (3.9-13.8 mg/kg), respectively. This effect of flupirtine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the latency and the amplitude of SEP, did not change when naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was given before flupirtine. The results indicate that the analgesic flupirtine decreases the primary somatosensory evoked potential by diminishing the excitability of cortical neurons. Opioid mechanisms are not involved.     

Seasonal variations in mitosis in the frog: a field study.

Field studies have shown that there is a seasonal variation in mitosis of lens and corneal epithelium (high in May and June, low during the rest of the year). This phenomenon can be reproduced in the laboratory by temperature manipulation. The response in the lens depends on the presence of the pituitary gland while the corneal one seems to be independent of it.