通过红曲霉-土曲霉属间原生质体融合提高Monacolin K产量

为获得高产Monacolin K的红曲霉菌株,将高产Monacolin K的土曲霉Aspergillus terreus CA99与低产Monacolin K的红曲霉Monascus anka M-3进行原生质体融合．生长24 h的A．terrus CA99和M．anka M-3菌株用0．5％溶壁酶、0．3％蜗牛酶和0．3％纤维素酶混合酶液分别在34℃和30℃下处理5 h和3．5 h,原生质体的形成率分别为1．76×10~7/mL和1．68×10~7/mL．两种原生质体分别置于30W的紫外灯下,距离30 cm照射3 min灭活,等浓度混合后用浓度为30％的PEG 6000融合15min．再生平板上共选取363株融合子,从中筛选得到多株Monacolin K产量高于出发菌株的高产融合子,其中有10株产量的提高幅度超过60％,有2株融合子(F49和F104)产量提高了将近一倍,分别为460μg/mL和457μg/mL．对F49的发酵培养基进行优化,Monacolin K发酵单位达到了1216μg/mL．     

利用基因组重排技术选育高产洛伐他汀红曲菌株

采用基因组重排法选育高产洛伐他汀红曲菌株.原生质体制备条件:溶壁酶1.0%(质量分数),菌丝菌龄66 h,酶解时间3 h,酶解温度30℃,高渗磷酸盐缓冲液pH值为6.0,再生培养基的渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol·L~(-1)NaCl;原生质体灭活条件:紫外灭活120 s,微波灭活300 s;原生质体融合条件:PEG 30%(质量分数),Ca~(2+)0.03 mol·L~(-1),30℃融合12 min,原生质体融合率1.95%.以经紫外和微波诱变得到的正突变菌株为亲本进行三轮基因组重排,获得一株遗传稳定、高产洛伐他汀菌株R″-30,洛伐他汀产量较原始菌株SH2-7提高52%。     

高山被孢霉高产ARA的原生质体融合子筛选

利用原生质体融合技术,对两株单一优良性状差异显著的高山被孢霉菌株F24和G12进行原生质体融合,再采用双灭活或流式细胞分选法筛选优良性状相结合的高产菌株,对双亲菌株原生质体的制备、融合和再生的相关条件进行了研究,并对双灭活和流式细胞分选的具体方法进行了研究.经研究发现,采用培养16 h的高山被孢霉菌丝于混合酶液(蜗牛酶15.0 mg·m L~(-1)、纤维素酶6.0 mg·m L~(-1)、溶菌酶0.5 mg·m L~(-1)和几丁质酶0.2 mg·m L~(-1))中30℃酶解4 h为原生质体制备的最佳条件.并探究得出两种融合子筛选方法的最佳方案,成功筛选出融合子,进一步再生培养验证ARA产量,最终挑选出一株ARA产量达6.32 g·L~(-1)的高产菌株.以前尚未发现此方法在高山被孢霉上的应用,为高山被孢霉育种提供了一种有效的手段.     

纳他霉素高产菌株选育及发酵工艺优化

以纳塔尔链霉菌(Streptomyces natalensis)4.3505为出发菌株,以紫外线作为诱变方法,筛选抗乙酸钠高产纳他霉素的突变菌株,优化发酵条件,筛选诱导子及添加工艺。研究结果表明:高产突变菌株为纳塔尔链霉菌HW-2,其纳他霉素产量在发酵120 h后达到452.2 mg/L,比原始菌株提高了242.6%,该菌株遗传性能稳定。纳塔尔链霉菌HW-2生产纳他霉素最佳发酵条件:接种量为发酵液总体积的6%,250 mL三角瓶装液量为30 mL,初始pH值为7.5。乙酸钠为最佳前体物质,乙酸钠的质量分数为0.2%,添加时间为发酵后24 h。     

利用抗药性选育盐霉素高产菌株

采用紫外线诱变和紫外线复合氯化锂处理盐霉素生产菌株,利用含棕榈油的筛选平板,结合选育脂肪酶活力高的菌株,成功获得产量提高并适应棕榈油发酵的高产菌株Ae-4.棕榈油完全替代豆油摇瓶113 h发酵的产量是豆油发酵的88.7%(出发株为69.6%).进一步通过选育抗药性突变株获得了抗链霉素的高产突变株E4Lt-1(摇瓶发酵产量提高57.4%)和抗利福霉素的高产突变株Rift-1-2(摇瓶发酵产量提高44.9%).     

井冈霉素产生菌的诱变选育及发酵条件优化

本研究以一株能产生井冈霉素的吸水链霉菌井冈变种(Strepto myces hyroscupicusvar.Jingganggensis yen)J1为研究对象,通过紫外线(Uv)及硫酸二乙酯(DES)两次诱变,经平皿初筛,摇瓶复筛,获得茵株j1-U-D,效价达25874×10-6g/mL,比出发菌株提高29%.菌株经过5次传代,代间效价差异不明显,遗传性能较稳定.通过单因素实验和正交实验分析研究了摇瓶产井冈霉素的最适发酵培养基,该茵的最适发酵培养基为(%):淀粉12%、酵母粉4%、KH2Po4o.05%、NaCl 0.15%.最适发酵条件为:发酵起始pH值7.2,接种量8%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间96 h.茵株最终效价达30610×10-6/mL,比出发茵株提高53%.     

复合诱变和原生质体融合选育S-腺苷甲硫氨酸酿酒酵母高产菌株

对生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM）的酿酒酵母（S.cerevisiae）菌株R1进行复合诱变和原生质体融合。采用酶解法获得出发菌株S.cerevisiae R1的单倍体菌株hR10,对其进行UV和DES复合诱变,筛选出了4个单倍体正突变株DR1-3、NM14、NM39和NM45。制备了单倍体正突变株的原生质体,采用热灭活和UV灭活法灭活双亲原生质体,在聚乙二醇（PEG）的诱导下进行原生质体融合,筛选得到融合子F35,其生产 SAM的产量为22.5 mg/L,与出发菌株R1（11.1 mg/L）相比,提高了103%,并且能够稳定遗传。采用正交试验优化了F35发酵生产SAM的培养基和发酵时间,优化了的培养基配方为麦芽糖100 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,NH₄H₂PO₄4g/L,NH₄Cl₅g/L,MgSO₄0.1g/L,KH₂PO₄6 g/L,发酵时间为72h。     

响应面法优化油脂酵母发酵产油的影响因子

微生物油脂作为一种新型油料资源,研究其发酵条件具有重要意义.以实验室保存菌株EAM-AC16为出发菌,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化菌株EAM-AC16的发酵条件.确定最优发酵条件为:葡萄糖浓度82.37 g/L,接种量9.45%,培养时间为146.4 h,pH6.0,培养温度30℃,空气量(装液量mL/三角瓶mL)70mL/250mL和(NH4)2SO4浓度1 g/L时,菌株EAM-AC16的油脂产量达5.204 g/L.利用气相色谱分析菌株EAM-AC16合成油脂的主要成分为:棕榈酸(C16:0)、亚油酸(C18:2)、γ-亚麻酸(C18:3)和反油酸(C18:3)等.     

UV和NTG复合诱变柠檬酸生产菌种黑曲霉

为了提高柠檬酸的生产水平,利用紫外线(UV)和亚硝基胍(NTG)对柠檬酸生产菌种黑曲霉进行了复合诱变,通过溴甲酚绿选择性平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,获得了一株遗传性能稳定的高产菌株UN-08,产酸率为15.80%.与出发菌株相比,产酸增幅达到26.40%,糖酸转化率为98.75%,发酵指数为1.32 kg/(m3·h).此外,通过对高产菌株UN-08的发酵条件进行研究,确定了此菌株生产接种的适宜孢子数量为106～108个/mL,发酵温度应控制在34～36℃内,溶氧应采用分段控制,前期(0～40 h)应控制在0.12 m3/(m3.min)左右、后期(40～96 h)应控制在0.15 m3/(m3·min)左右.     

酸性环境中木聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选及鉴定

从pH 5.0的酸性土壤中筛选出一株木聚糖酶高产菌株A4,菌体固态发酵产酶条件优化表明,最佳发酵培养基配方为：麸皮37.79％,玉米芯9.10％,NH4NO3 0.51％,MnSO4 1.60％,水50％,接种量2.0％,最适发酵温度28～32 ℃,发酵培养48～52 h,木聚糖酶活力最高达到750 U/g（碳源）.该菌株所产木聚糖酶的最适pH为4.8,比野生黑曲霉的pH值低.通过生长形态和分子生物学方法相结合的鉴定该菌株为黄曲霉.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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