挥发性脂肪酸碳源生物反硝化研究

在悬浮污泥系统中，当ＰＨ、温度适宜，碳源无限制时，反硝化速率和耗碳速率动力学呈零级反应，当以挥以性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）为碳源时，异化反硝化的耗碳量接近于１．０７ｍｇＶＦＡＣ／ｍｇＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ。用于同化作用的碳仅占投加碳的一小部分，随着进水Ｃ／Ｎ的提高，污泥产率（ＹＮ）增加，用于同化作用的碳耗亦增加，出水氧化态氮降低。在ＰＨ７．５，温度２５℃，污泥产率０．７２ｍｇＶＳＳ／ｍｇＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ时，对完全反     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术进展

在阐述城市污水生物脱氮除磷机理的基础上，分析生物脱氮除磷的MSBR工艺、UCT工艺和BCFS工艺。认为随着近代生物学的发展以及对生物技术的掌握，目前生物脱氮除磷技术的研究主要集中在同时硝化反硝化技术、短程硝化反硝化技术、反硝化除磷技术和厌氧氨氧化技术。随着生物脱氮除磷技术研究的深入，工艺简单、处理效率高、能耗低的组合新工艺将成为脱氮除磷工艺的发展趋势。     

猪场稳定塘废水的IBAF脱氮影响因素研究

低碳氮比高氨氮是猪场稳定塘废水生物脱氮时遇到的主要问题．采用固定化曝气生物滤池（IBAF）工艺处理猪场稳定塘废水，重点对碱度、DO、碳源等影响脱氮过程的因素进行了研究．结果表明，补充1．5g／L的Na2CO3可维持废水碱度使硝化反应进行完全，载体外部DO浓度为3．0mg／L时脱氮效率最高，反硝化阶段补充新鲜废水做碳源时总氮去除率为93％，可大幅度降低运行成本．本实验为解决养猪废水的脱氮问题提供了一条新途径．     

高浓度氨氮废水的几种新型生物处理方法

在高浓度氨氮废水的处理过程中,生物脱氮法由于其处理效果的稳定性和经济性,得到广泛应用,随着人们对生物脱氮过程认识的深入,诸如短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化等新型的脱氮工艺得到了广泛的研究和一定应用,本文着重对上述三种新型生物脱氮工艺进行介绍。     

污水生物脱氮技术研究进展

传统的污水生物脱氮一般通过氨化、硝化、反硝化进行，处理效率低。本文通过引入脱氮新理念，介绍了SHARON工艺，SHARON-ANAMMOX工艺，CANON工艺，OLAND工艺，固定化微生物脱氮等几种污水脱氮新工艺。这些工艺通过不同的方式，缩短了传统硝化反硝化的历程，节约了能源，提高了脱氮效率，为污水脱氮提供了很好的发展前景。     

生物脱氮技术研究进展

氮污染已引起人们广泛关注。本文介绍了传统生物脱氮工艺和同时硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化等几种新型生物脱氮工艺的研究进展。     

1,4,6,9—四硝基—1,4,6,9—四氮杂双环[4,4,0]癸烷合成工艺改进

以乙二胺和乙二醛为原料，合成了１，４，６，９－四氮杂双环（４，４，０）癸烷（１），反应得率为７７．５％，母体化合物（１）在硝酸－乙酐体系中硝化，制得１，４，６，９－四硝基－１，４，６，９－四氮杂双环（４，４，０）癸烷（２），文中研究了合成母体化合物（１）的缩合总得率高达６４．０％，熔点为２２４￣２３０℃，文中研究了合成母体化合物（１）的缩合反应的机理和影响因素，讨论了母体化合物（１）硝化反应的影响     

SBBR中DO对亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化的影响

用序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）处理南方地区城市污水,在气量从30L·h^-1提升到100L·h^-1（平均DO范围为2．75～5．20mg·L^-1）的过程中均能有效地实现亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化．综合反应时间和脱氮效果,气量为60L·h^-1（平均D0为4．25mg·L^-1）时具有最佳脱氮效率,可以作为处理南方地区城市污水SBBR亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化工艺的控制参数．     

生物脱氮新技术

介绍了新近开发出的一些污废水生物脱氮新技术。这些新型生物脱氮工艺是基于新的氮素转化微生物及新的氮素转化途径，如短程硝化-反硝化、同时硝化-反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、好氧反氨化生物脱氮等。     

浅谈脱氮新工艺

传统的生物脱氮工艺存在着工艺流程长,脱氮效率低,占地大,成本高等缺点。随着新型脱氮技术的不断发展,突破了传统脱氮工艺的局限,涌现了一批新型脱氮工艺。本文综述短程硝化（SND）,厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）,好氧反硝化（aerobic denitrification）等目前热点研究的脱氮新工艺,阐述了脱氮原理,影响因素,工艺特点,并与传统脱氮工艺进行对比。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to