稀土元素对快凝 AlFeVSi 合金性能和组织的影响

采用力学拉伸试验、透射电镜、扫描电镜等测试手段研究了稀土元素Ｅｒ,Ｙ,Ｃｅ对ＦＶＳ０８１２合金挤压棒材的力学性能和显微组织的影响,并通过考察稀土元素与合金组成元素之间的交互作用强度,定性地分析了稀土元素在快凝ＡｌＦｅＶＳｉ合金中的作用机理．结果表明,Ｅｒ促使粗大块状δ相的形成,加Ｙ则有较粗大的类球形第２相Ａｌ２０（Ｖ,Ｆｅ）２Ｙ的析出,而Ｃｅ没有生成其它相,但是明显细化了Ａｌ１２（Ｆｅ,Ｖ）３Ｓｉ硅化物质点,因此,采用Ｃｅ合金化可以改善合金显微组织,明显改善快凝ＡｌＦｅＶＳｉ合金力学性能．稀土元素对快凝ＡｌＦｅＶＳｉ合金组织性能以及第２相稳定性的影响主要与稀土元素晶体结构、原子半径、电负性等因素有关     

W对Fe3Al基合金高温力学性能的改善

在Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金中，加入少量Ｗ能显著改善合金的室温和高温强度，改善抗蠕变性能，但使合金室温塑性略微降低，Ｗ的加入能细化合金组织，同时在超过溶解度时形成Ｍ６Ｃ型碳化物，在Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ－５Ｃｒ合金中，Ｗ的原子分数溶解度在０．８％～１．０％左右，Ｍｏ或Ｎｂ与Ｗ同时加入会降低Ｗ在合金中的溶解度。     

喷射沉积Al-20Si-5Fe-3Cu-Mg

利用喷射沉积技术制备了Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ－３Ｃｕ－１Ｍｇ合金,借助扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）,Ｘ－射线衍射和拉伸试验等手段研究了喷射沉积合金的微观组织和力学性能,分析了Ｆｅ对合金挤压和热处理后的组织变化,拉伸试验结果表明,喷射沉积Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ－３Ｃｕ－１Ｍｇ合金具有比粉末冶金Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ－３Ｃｕ－１Ｍｇ合金更高的高温（３００℃）强度。     

TiAl基合金热机械处理新工艺技术的研究

探讨了包套锻复合热机械处理新工艺技术对（Ｔｉ－３３％Ａｌ－３％Ｃｒ）－０．５％Ｍｏ（质量分数）合金显微组织、变形亚结构和室温、高温力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，经过包套锻复合热机械处理，可以在ＴｉＡｌ基合金整个试样上获得均匀、细小的各种典型形态的显微组织。其中，具有均匀、细小全层片状显微组织的试样，显示出良好的室温和高温综合力学性能。     

快速凝固Al－Fe－W－Si－RE耐热铝合金的研究

研究了用多级快速凝固技术制取的Ａｌ－１１．５Ｆｅ－３．８Ｗ－２．３Ｓｉ－ＲＥ（质量分数）合金粉末的室温和高温组织结构及性能，结果表明，该合金有利于形成所谓“无特征区”组织，确定了合金的相变和第二相粒子大小为３０～８０ｎｍ，并获得了室温和高温拉伸性能优良的新合金。     

Fe3Al的抗高温氧化和耐腐蚀性能

在７００℃与８５０℃的高温下，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ金属间化合物表面形成了Ａｌ２Ｏ３保护膜，使其抗氧化性能远优于不锈钢，２％Ｃｒ（原子百分比）加入Ｆｅ３Ａｌ会导致氧化过程初期氧化速率的增高，在熔融的硫酸盐和高压锅炉的烟气中，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ的耐热腐蚀性能优于高温合金ＧＨ１３２。     

Nb对Fe3Al基合金力学性能的改善作用

Ｎｂ对改善Ｆｅ２Ａｌ的高温力学性能有十分重要的作用。在Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－５Ｃｒ－０．５Ｍｏ－０．０５Ｚｒ－０．０５Ｂ－０．１Ｃｅ合金中，Ｎｂ的溶解度在０．５ａｔ％左右，Ｎｂ含量超过０．５％时，基体中有富Ｎｂ的第二相颗粒形成。Ｎｂ的加入提高了合金的室温和高温强度，改善了抗蠕变性能，但在一定程度上降低了室温塑性。     

Fe_3Al的抗高温氧化和耐热腐蚀性能

在７００℃与８５０℃的高温下，Ｆｅ＿３Ａｌ金属间化合物表面形成了Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３保护膜，使其抗氧化性能远优于不妨钢，２％Ｃｒ（原子百分比）加入Ｆｅ＿３Ａｌ会导致氧化过程初期氧化速率的增高，在熔融的硫酸盐和高压锅炉的烟气中，Ｆｅ＿３Ａｌ的耐热腐蚀性能优于高温合金ＧＨ１３２．     

Fe3Al合金形诱导有序显微结构及合金元素的作用（Ⅱ）

从变诱导有序显微结构变化的角度，说明合金元素铬和钼对Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金力不用显微组织的影响，结果表明：合金元素铬和钼主要固溶于Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金中，铬的主要作用 溶软促进形变诱导无序化；钼主要起固溶强化作用，阻碍形变诱导无序化，有利地蠕变回复诱导有序化。     

含微量Sc和Zr的Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni合金时效行为和拉伸性能

配制了３种不同成分的ＡｌＣｕＭｇＦｅＮｉ系实验合金,研究了微量Ｓｃ和Ｚｒ对该系合金时效行为和拉伸性能的影响．用硬度法测量了合金在２００℃和３００℃下的时效硬化曲线,用透射电镜观察了合金在淬火及２００℃时效不同时间后的显微组织．在室温（２０℃）,２００,２５０,３００℃下测量了合金的拉伸力学性能,用扫描电镜观察了拉伸断口形貌．结果表明：加入微量Ｓｃ,Ｚｒ后生成的Ａｌ３（Ｓｃ,Ｚｒ）质点均匀弥散分布,有利于合金中另一强化相Ｓ′更均匀析出,从而提高了合金的时效硬化效果．由于Ａｌ３（Ｓｃ,Ｚｒ）相具有很好的热稳定性及沉淀强化效果,合金在室温及高温下的强度都有明显提高,而塑性基本保持不变．合金中Ｃｕ含量的减少不利于合金强度的提高     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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