Electrophysiology and behavior feedback of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella, to volatile secondary metabolites emitted by Chinese cabbage

The volatiles, absorbed by Porapak Q and eluted by hexane, from Chinese cabbage, Brassica campestris chinesis (L.) Makino. var. communis Tsen et Lee, have been identified as allyl isothiocyanate, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, 2,5-hexanediol, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, nonanol, b-myrcene, a-pinene, E-2-hexen-1-ol, D-limonene, Z-3-hexenyl propanoate, linalool, geraniol, E-4-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl isovalerate, a-terpinene, b-caryophyllene, 3-carene and a-caryophyllene, by their mass spectra and retention times in comparison with authentic samples. The first five chemicals are the main components. All components can elicite electroantennogram (EAG) responses of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, in which allyl isothiocyanate and C₆ alcohols and esters, i.e. Z-3-hexen-1-ol, E-2-hexen-1-ol, E-4-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl isovalerate and 2,5-hexanediol elicite stronger EAG responses than other components, and EAG responses of female moths to them are slightly larger than those of male moths. However, EAG responses elicited by terpenes are smaller, and EAG responses from females to terpenes are smaller than those from males, but b-myrcene can evoke stronger EAG responses from both females and males. Volatiles from intact Chinese cabbage, allyl isothiocyanate, 2,5-hexanediol and Z-3-hexenyl isovalerate intensely cause DBM directional flying and landing in wind tunnel, in which volatiles from intact Chinese cabbage have the strongest activity, and the next is allyl isothiocyanate. Allyl isothiocyanate is more attractive to females than to males a bit. As for a-terpinene and other subordinate components, EAG and wind tunnel test make sure they have weak activity.     

3个茶树品种(品系)鲜叶香气特征及萜烯指数分析

运用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析福鼎大白茶、黔茶1号、黔茶8号茶树鲜叶的挥发性香气物质.结果表明:共检测到73种不同的挥发性芳香物质,其中福鼎大白茶44种,黔茶1号35种,黔茶8号50种,共有香气成分17种,占全部香气物质的百分比达到90%以上.芳樟醇及其氧化物、香叶醇、青叶醇、乙酸叶醇酯、水杨酸甲酯和己醛在3个茶树品种(品系)鲜叶中含量较为丰富,共同作用形成茶树鲜叶清香;芳樟醇、香叶醇、4-戊烯醛、青叶醛、壬醛、乙酸叶醇酯、水杨酸甲酯等物质在3个茶树品种(品系)间含量差异较大,可作为关键香气物质进行茶树品种的鉴定区分.3个茶树品种(品系)的萜烯指数为福鼎大白茶(0.73)、黔茶8号(0.65)、黔茶1号(0.89),黔茶1号萜烯指数接近野生大树茶,说明筛选出黔茶1号的湄潭苔茶群体品种是较为原始的茶树资源.     

无机-有机杂化材料催化合成乙酸异戊酯及动力学研究

以甘氨酸(Gly)和磷钨酸为原料合成的一系列无机有机杂化材料为催化剂,考察各因素对其催化合成乙酸异戊酯的影响,并利用响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成工艺。研究表明,[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化剂具有最高的催化酯化反应活性和重复使用性能。响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成的最佳条件为:醇酸摩尔数比为1.05∶1,催化剂用量为酸质量的4.5%,反应时间2.0h,带水剂量10mL,该条件下,乙酸异戊酯产率为98.5%,结果与模型预测值基本相符。优化条件下[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化酯化反应表观活化能为79.73kJ/mol。     

Photoresponsive organogel and organized nanostructures of cholesterol imide derivatives with azobenzene substituent groups

Two new cholesterol imide derivatives with azobenzene substituent groups have been synthesized.The compounds possess headgroups of hydrogen or methyl units,respectively.The gelation test revealed that ...     

Ferric perchlorate-promoted reaction of [60]fullerene with β-keto esters

The ferric perchlorate-promoted reaction of [60]fullerene (C60) with ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate generates fullerenyl hemiketal as a mixture of trans and cis isomers,while the reaction with ethyl acetoacetate gives a C 60-fused dihydrofuran derivative.A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of these products is proposed.     

Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth, fatty acid composition and hepatic lipogenesis in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.)

We examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, fatty acid composition and enzyme activity of fatty acid oxidation in the liver of large yellow croaker. We divided 1600 fish (average initial weight 150 g) into 4 groups and reared them in 8 cages. Four dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) CLA, respectively. The fish were fed for 10 weeks ad libitum twice daily. We found that the dietary CLA had no effect on growth, biometric parameters and whole body proximate (P>0.05), but showed some significant effects on the fatty acid composition in both muscle and the liver. The activities of lipogenic enzymes were slightly depressed in fish fed with increasing levels of CLA when compared with control (P>0.05). Dietary CLA supplementation had no effects on liver lipid content, but significantly increased the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.05) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in both muscle and the liver. Dietary CLA inclusion resulted in significant increases of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers in both tissues (P<0.05). The total accumulation of CLA was higher in the liver (3.83%, w/w) than in muscle (3.77%, w/w) when fed with 4% (w/w) CLA. This study demonstrates that large yellow croakers are capable of absorbing and depositing CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in the liver and muscle, showing that this species fed with CLA could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids.     

Identification of sex pheromones of four economically important species in genusDendrolimus

The female-produced sex pheromone of Dendrolimus superans was identified by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electroantennographic (EAG) studies and field tests as a blend of (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienal (Z5,E7-12:Ald) and (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-ol (Z5,E7-12:OH). In D. kikuchii, (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12:OAc) and Z5,E7-12:OH were found by GC and GC-MS analyses. However, in EAG studies male antennae were more sensitive to Z5,E7-12:OAc and (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl propionate (Z5,E7-12:OPr) than Z5,E7-12:OH. For D. spectabilis, Z5,E7-12:OH had been previously reported as the sex pheromone. However, in our studies, traps baited with Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr in a ratio of 1:1:1 caught three times more males than those baited with Z5,E7-12:OH alone. Relatively strong EAG responses were elicited from male antennae by Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr, but in addition to Z5,E7-12:OH, only very small amounts of Z5,E7- 12:OAc was found in the pheromone gland. These facts suggest that Z5,E7-12:OAc is a pheromone minor components and Z5,E7-12:OPr is a sex attractant in D. spectabilis. For D. tabulaeformis, Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12: OPr were found in extracts of pheromone glands of female moths, and the three compounds elicited strong EAG responses from antennae of male moths. These three compounds have been reported as a sex attractant of D. tabulaeformis, and our data confirm their roles as components of the sex pheromone of this species. The role of blend components in antagonizing cross attraction between congeners is discussed.     

微波辐射下乙酸异戊酯合成条件研究

在微波辐射下，以SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂合成乙酸异戊酯。最佳反应条件是：乙酸和异戊醇的摩尔比为1：2．0，催化剂用量为1．5g。微波输出功率为729W，反应时间为12min。在此反应条件下，乙酸的酯化率为94．7％，产品收率为89．7％。     

红树白骨壤果实中芳香脂类化学成分研究

【目的】研究红树白骨壤(Avicennia mavina)果实中芳香酯类化合物。【方法】采用柱色谱、凝胶层析和高效液相色谱分离技术,从白骨壤果实中分离芳香酯类单体化合物,运用理化和波谱分析方法鉴定其化学结构。【结果】从白骨壤果实中分离获得7个芳香酯类化合物,分别鉴定为甲基(4-氯-4[N-羟氨基]苯基)醋酸酯(1)、4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯甲酸甲酯(2)、邻苯二甲酸二异丙酯(3)、咖啡酸甲酯(4)、原儿茶酸甲酯(5)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(6)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7)。【结论】化合物1~7均是首次从该种海洋植物中分离得到,其中化合物1和2为新天然产物。     

易挥发臭气的催化氧化处理研究

 利用含Ru0.5%的Ru/TiO₂催化剂对典型易挥发臭气乙酸、氨、吡啶进行了催化氧化处理研究.结果表明:催化氧化反应极大地受温度的影响,在160～240℃范围内转化率随温度升高而升高,乙酸、氨、吡啶的最大转化率分别达到100%,85.9%,98.7%.     

乔木茵芋中黄酮和生物碱类化合物及其镇痛活性研究

 对乔木茵芋进行化学成分研究.采用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱色谱、RP-Csub>18柱色谱等方法分离化学成分,¹H NMR、¹C NMR等方法进行结构鉴定,从中分离鉴定了5个黄酮类化合物:槲皮素(1),槲皮苷(2),山奈酚-3,7-葡萄糖苷(3),枸橘苷(4),橙皮苷(5);1个生物碱类化合物:1-甲基-2-苯基-4-喹啉酮(6).所有化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到.并采用小鼠醋酸扭体法和热板法检测乔木茵芋总提取物及乔木茵芋总生物碱提取物的镇痛活性.结果显示乔木茵芋总提物和乔木茵芋总生物碱提取物均可明显抑制醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应,此外乔木茵芋总生物碱提取物还可明显提高小鼠对热刺激的痛阈值,具有较好的镇痛活性.     

白酒窖泥中乳酸菌分离鉴定及其发酵产挥发性风味物质比较

从白酒窖泥中分离得到11株乳酸菌,经16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,鉴定为1株短乳杆菌、1株鼠李糖乳杆菌、2株干酪乳杆菌和7株铅黄肠球菌。 分析了11株菌MRS培养基发酵产乳酸性能,结果表明:乳酸产量与菌群生长呈正相关,鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉、干酪乳杆菌L₁₀与L₁₁发酵液乳酸含量较高,分别为15.74、15.58、14.74g/L。4株代表菌相同条件下发酵高粱培养液产挥发性风味组分,共有物质13种,包含了白酒中重要香气成分:乙酸、己酸、乙酸苯乙酯和苯乙醇,且乙酸、己酸相对含量较高。各菌产可挥发性组分差异明显,相对含量较高的化合物种类为:短乳杆菌L₅产烷烃类化合物(27.91%),铅黄肠球菌L₈产醇类化合物(43.14%),鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉产酯类(7.35%)、酮类(3.61%)和吡嗪类(3.3%)化合物,干酪乳杆菌L₁₁产酸类(27.98%)和芳香类(5.96%)化合物。仅有短乳杆菌L₅产四甲基吡嗪,短乳杆菌L₅和铅黄肠球菌L₈可明显产乙醇,鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉和干酪乳杆菌L₁₁产3-羟基-2-丁酮。这些物质对白酒风味和口感有重要影响。研究显示,窖泥中各种乳酸菌特征不一,对白酒酿造有不同影响。本研究旨在为进一步挖掘白酒酿造功能微生物、拓展乳酸菌的应用提供理论依据。     

Effect of indium addition on the microstructural formation and soldered interfaces of Sn-2.5Bi-1Zn-0.3Ag lead-free solder

The microstructural formation and properties of Sn-2.5Bi-xIn-1Zn-0.3Ag (in wt%) alloys and the evolution of soldered interfaces on a Cu substrate were investigated. Apart from the relatively low melting point (about 195℃), which is close to that of conventional eutectic Sn-Pb solder, the investigated solder presents superior wettability, solderability, and ductility. The refined equiaxial grains enhance the mechanical properties, and the embedded bulk intermetallic compounds (IMCs) (Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₅Zn₈) and granular Bi particles improve the joint reliability. The addition of In reduces the solubility of Zn in the β-Sn matrix and strongly influences the separation and growth behaviors of the IMCs. The soldered interface of Sn-2.5Bi-xIn-1Zn-0.3Ag/Cu consists of Cu-Zn and Cu-Sn IMC layers.     

Synthesis and self-assembly of two 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arenes derivatives bearing amide groups

Two 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene derivatives bearing amide groups, 1,3-alternate p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene tetraamide (4), and 1,3-alternate p-H-thiacalix[4]arene tetraamide (6) were prepared, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The steric hindrances posed by tert-butyl groups play an important part in the synthesis and the self-assembly of the two compounds. Compound 6 was synthesized from the corresponding ester, which was obtained by the reaction of acid chloride with ammonia. In the crystal structure, compound 4 presents a highly symmetric molecular structure, while for compound 6, because of absence of tert-butyl groups, it presents a more flexible molecular structure.     

含哌嗪基团的芳氧乙酸酯类化合物的合成及其促学习记忆作用的研究

目的合成一系列2-[1-(2-吡啶)乙氧基]乙酸2-[4-取代哌嗪]乙酯类化合物,对其促小鼠学习记忆作用进行研究。方法将2-乙基吡啶进行NBS溴代反应,得到α-溴代2-乙基吡啶(2),化合物2与α-羟基乙酸乙酯反应得到芳氧乙酸乙酯(3),化合物3与1-取代-4-羟乙基哌嗪(5a-5g)进行酯交换得到目标化合物2-[1-(2-吡啶)乙氧基]乙酸2-[4-取代哌嗪]乙酯(6a-6g)。挑选两个化合物6a和6d,对其进行小鼠水迷宫实验,评价其促小鼠学习记忆活性。结果合成了一系列含哌嗪基团的芳氧乙酸酯类化合物,通过1H-NMR和红外光谱确证了其结构。结论小鼠水迷宫实验结果表明化合物6a和6d对乙醇所致小鼠学习记忆再现困难具有明显改善作用(P0.05)。     

Synthesis of novel polymer-bonded water-soluble metal porphyrins

The reaction of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra-(4-pyridyl) porphyrin 1 with triruthenium dodecacarbonyl [Ru₃(CO)₁₂], zinc(II) acetate, copper(II) acetate, cobalt(II) acetate afforded complexes 2a−2d respectively. Treatment of 2a−2d with Merrifield’s peptide resin obtained 3a−3d. The compounds 3a−3d reacted with methyl iodide respectively gave 4a−4d. New complexes 4a−4d have been identified by IR, UV-visible spectra, and AES. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province Biography: LI Zao-ying (1949-), female, Associate professor.     

含β-环糊精液晶聚合物的合成与性能

将修饰的β-环糊精衍生物单-(6-丙烯酰乙二氨基-6-去氧)-β-环糊精二十乙酸酯(M1)作为手性单体,4-十一烯酰氧基苯甲酰氧基-4’-乙氧基苯甲酰氧基对联苯酚双酯(M2)作为液晶单体,与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷接枝共聚,得到含β-环糊精基元的液晶聚合物P1～P7.通过FT-IR,1H NMR,DSC,POM,TGA,XRD,旋光分析等手段对所获单体及聚合物的结构、相行为等性能进行了表征与测试.结果表明,单体M1为非液晶手性单体,其比旋光度为+95.30,单体M2呈现向列相的丝状织构,聚合物P1～P7均有液晶性,它们的热稳定性良好,热失重5%时的温度均在300℃左右,随着手性单体M1含量的增加,聚合物的液晶区间变窄,比旋光度值增加.     

尖萼金丝桃中间苯三酚及黄酮类成分

 在细胞毒性试验结果指导下,对尖萼金丝桃(Hypericum acmosepaium N.Robson)全株的活性部位进行化学成分提取分离,得到6个单体,通过理化数据测定及波谱数据分析,鉴定了结构,分别是:Paglucinol(1);5-羟基-6-异丁酰基-2,2,8-三甲基-8-(3"-甲基-丁-2"-烯基)-2,8-二氢-1-苯并吡喃-7-酮(2);5-羟基-6-丙酰基-2,2,8-三甲基-8-(3"-甲基-丁-2"-烯基)-2,8-二氢-1-苯并吡喃-7-酮(3);7,8-(2",2"-二甲基吡喃)-5,3’,4’-三羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮(4);槲皮素(quercetin,5)及Ⅰ3,Ⅱ8-双芹菜甙元(Ⅰ3,Ⅱ8-biapigenin,6).同时,细胞毒性试验发现,尖萼金丝桃的二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯萃取物及化合物(2),(5)具有细胞毒活性.     

烷烃衍生物第一电离能的自相关拓扑研究

文中定义烷烃衍生物分子中非氢原子的染色序数(f_i),它对于非氢原子具有优异的选择性。由f_i建构1阶染色序数自相关拓扑指数(¹F)的定义式为：¹F=［Σ(1+k)^-0.25·(f_i·f_j)^-1］^0.5，它对烷烃衍生物分子具有良好的结构选择性。32种脂肪族胺、醇、醚、硫醇、硫醚类化合物的第一电离能(I_p,eV)与¹F及O，N，S原子的电负性(X_PL)的关系式为：I_p=13.0264-3.8208¹F +0.1773X_PL,R=0.9929。令人满意的27种卤代烷(F，Cl，Br，I)的关系式为：I_p=8.2727-2.6406¹F+1.5168X_PL,R=0.9979。这两个模型较好地揭示了烷烃衍生物第一电离能的递变规律。经Jackknife法检验，具有模型稳健性,并对23种烷烃衍生物I_p估算，显示良好的预测能力。因此，文中为烷烃衍生物第一电离能的预测提供一种有效方法。上述59种烷烃衍生物的I_p与¹F的相关系数为0.9791，明显优于著名的Kier指数(¹X^v)（其R仅为0.4190）。结果表明，所建定量结构性质相关(QSPR)模型的相关性高、稳健性好、预测能力强。