Improved acetone sensing properties of flat sensors based on Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers

Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensors were fabricated by spinning these nanofibers onto flat ceramic substrates, which had signal electrodes and heaters on their top and bottom surfaces, respectively. Compared with sensors loaded with pure SnO2 nanofibers, the Co-SnO2 nanofiber sensors exhibited improved acetone sensing properties with high selectivity and rapid response and recovery times. The response was 33 when the sensors were exposed to 100 μL/L acetone at 330°C, and the corresponding response with 100 μL/L of ethanol was only 6. The response and recovery times to acetone were about 5 and 8 s, respectively. These results indicate Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers are good candidates for fabrication of high performance acetone sensors for practical application.     

Micro-structure sensors based on ZnO microcrystals with contact-controlled ethanol sensing

ZnO microcrystals are synthesized through a facile solution method and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. The ethanol sensing properties of these microcrystals are investigated by spin-coating them on a silicon substrate with Pt electrodes to fabricate a micro-structure sensor. The sensitivity is up to 8 when the sensor is exposed to 50 ppm ethanol, and the response time and recovery time are 10 s and 20 s, respectively. A contact-controlled model is established to explain the sensing properties of the microcrystals, which provides another approach to realize high-performance gas sensors.     

Room temperature H2S micro-sensors with anti-humidity properties fabricated from NiO-In2O3 composite nanofibers

NiO-In2O3 composite nanofibers are synthesized via electrospinning and calcining techniques.Micro-sensors are fabricated by sputtering Pt electrodes on Si chips to form sensor substrates,and then spinning the NiO-In2O3 composite nanofibers onto the sensor substrate surface.The as-fabricated micro-sensors exhibit excellent H2S sensing properties at room temperature.The sensitivity of the micro-sensors is up to 6 when the sensors are exposed to 3μL/LH2S,and the corresponding response and recovery times are 14 and 22 s,respectively.The micro-sensors also exhibit high selectivity and good stability.Especially,the micro-sensors can operate at various humidity conditions.The sensitivity of the micro-sensors is 3.8 to 3μL/LH2S at 75% relative humidity.These characteristics make the micro-sensors good candidates for practical H2S sensors with high performance.     

Improved and excellent ethanol sensing properties of SnO2/multiwalled carbon nanotubes

SnO₂/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been studied as gas sensing materials. Compared with pure SnO₂, SnO₂/MWNTs exhibit improved ethanol sensing properties such as higher sensitivity and quicker response/recovery at 300°C. The sensitivity is 35, 65, 166 and 243 to 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm ethanol, respectively. The response time is about 1 s, and the recovery time is about 5 s. The sensing improvement is explained in terms of the appropriate basal resistance and enhanced signal transfer brought by MWNTs.     

Comparative investigation of three types of ethanol sensor based on NiO-SnO2 composite nanofibers

NiO-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning techniques and characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Three types of sensor were applied to investigate the sensing properties of these nanofibers.Sensors A were fabricated by mixing the nanofibers with deionized water,and then grinding and coating them on ceramic tubes to form indirect heated gas sensors.Microsensors B(with an area of 600 μm×200 μm) were formed by spinning nanofibers on Si substrates with Pt signal electrodes and Pt heaters.Sensors C were fabricated by spinning nanofibers on plane ceramic substrates(with a large area of 13.4 mm×7 mm) with Ag-Pd signal electrodes only.The operating temperatures of sensors A and B were controlled by adjusting heater currents,and the operating temperatures of sensors C were controlled by adjusting an external temperature control device.Experimental results show that sensors C possess the highest sensing properties,such as high response values(about 42 to 100 μL/L ethanol),quick response/recovery speeds(the response and recovery times were 4 and 7 s,respectively),and excellent consistencies.These phenomena were explained by the retained fiber morphology and suitable sensor area.The presented results can provide some useful information for the design and optimization of one-dimensional nanomaterial-based gas sensors.     

Excellent ethanol sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-doped ZnO

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs)were synthesized through CVD method,and the gas sensitive materials MWNTs/ZnO were obtained by mixing MWNTs and ZnO.The gas sensing properties of the as-prepared materials were investigated.The results show that the gas sensing properties of ZnO sensor are significantly improved by doping MWNTs.The sensitivity,response time and recovery time to 50 ppm ethanol at 260°C are 46,4 and 20 s,respectively.We also examined the selectivity of 0.1 wt%MWNTs-doped ZnO sensors to different gases.The results show that the sensor possesses an excellent selectivity to ethanol.     

Improved and excellent CO sensing properties of Cu-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanofibers

Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers with an average diameter of about 80 nm are synthesized through an electrospinning method. Both anatase and rutile crystallographic structures are found in the fibers based on XRD results. Compared with pure TiO2 nanofibers, the Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers exhibit improved CO sensing properties at 300°C. The sensitivity of Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers is up to 3 when the sensor is exposed to 5 ppm CO, and the response and recovery times are about 4 and 8 s, respectively. Good selectivity i...     

N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺与水、乙醇、丙酮的固液相平衡研究

采用激光监测动态法精确测定了N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺在水、乙醇、丙酮中的溶解度,绘出溶解度曲线,并使用λh方程对实验数据成功地进行了关联。三个体系共41个数据点,实验值与计算值总的平均相对误差为0.90%,体现了λh方程的普遍适用性。实验结果不仅完善了热力学数据,而且有利于N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺的生产和应用。     

硅衬底对纳米ZnO/p-Si异质结酒精敏感性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射的方法在不同电阻率的p型硅衬底上沉积氧化锌薄膜,制备了ZnO/p-Si异质结。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析ZnO薄膜的物相结构和表面形貌。研究室温下不同电阻率的硅衬底对ZnO/p-Si异质结电流-电压特性和酒精敏感特性的影响。结果表明:ZnO薄膜结晶情况良好,具有高度的c轴择优取向,表面颗粒分布均匀;ZnO/p-Si异质结酒精敏感性依赖于p-Si衬底,当p-Si衬底的电阻率为10～20Ω.cm时,其气敏性能最强;该异质结在+4.0 V的偏置电压下,对0.024 g/L酒精气体的灵敏度为39.7%。     

Influence of acetone on nanostructure and electrochemical properties of interfacial synthesized polyaniline nanofibers

The growth of polyaniline(PANI) nano fi bers through interfacial polymerization can be well controlled by adding a small amount of acetone in the water/chloroform system. It was found that the polymerization rate became slower in the presence of acetone, yielding PANI nano fi bers with larger aspect ratios. The in fl uences of the acetone addition on the morphology, microstructure and properties of as-prepared PANI nano fi bers were studied by scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectra(UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermogravity analysis(TGA), and electrical and electrochemical measurements. The experimental results showed that PANI nano fi bers prepared by using ammonium persulfate(APS) as an oxidant with acetone exhibited slower growth, the larger ratio of length to diameter, and higher crystallinity(2θ=6℃, 19℃, 26℃) than that without acetone, meanwhile remained larger yield of 11.23% and higher conductivity 1.8*10-2S/cm compared with that obtained by replacing APS with Fe Cl3. More importantly, these PANI nano fi bers exhibited better electrochemical behaviors, which bene fi tted from their high crystallinity and good conductivity.     

Photore sponse and H2 gas sensing properti es of highly oriented Al and Al/Sb doped ZnO thin films

ZnO:Al and ZnO:Al/Sb thin films have been prepared and investigated.The thin films were deposited on Si substrates by the sol-gel method.The structural,optical and electrical properties of ZnO films have been investigated by spectrophotometry,ellipsometry,X-ray diffraction and current-voltage characterizations.It is found that the films exhibit wurtzite structure with a highly c-axis orientation perpendicular to the surface of the substrate,a high reflectivity in the infrared region and a response to illumination.Furthermore,it has been found that Si/（ZnO:Al/Sb）/Al photodiode is promising in photoconduction device while Si/（ZnO:Al）/Al can be used as gas sensor responding to the low H₂concentrations.     

面向遥感图像的小样本目标检测改进算法研究

针对传统的遥感图像目标检测中面临的小样本以及目标样本分布不均衡等问题, 提出了一种基于改进的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)的遥感图像小样本目标检测算法. 首先, 该算法利用 $K$ 近邻($K$-nearest neighbor, kNN)回归分别对每个点和卷积层提取特征构建局部邻域; 同时, 通过最大池化聚合所有局部特征进行全局特征表示; 最后, 采用全连接层与缩放指数型线性单元(scaled expected linear unit, SELU)激活函数计算各类别对应的概率并分类. 实验结果表明, 该算法能够更有效地融合局部特征, 提高了遥感图像小样本目标识别与检测的精度, 同时保持信息的非局部扩散.     

基于ASTER遥感影像武都区松散堆积物研究

以甘肃南部白龙江流域武都区段为例,判识孕育松散堆积物的特殊地层岩性,遴选出对地层岩性敏感的波段,并采用最大似然分类方法,解译、提取松散堆积物.结果显示:风化基岩、黄土的面积分别为657.48,1 180.95 km2,两者占武都区总面积的39.68%;在松散堆积物密集分布区,已发生灾害272处,灾害点占武都区总灾害点的54%,在强降雨条件下,灾害易发性较大.     

H2 sensing properties of modified silicon nanowires

It has been found that the silicon nanowires modified with noble metals can be used to fabricate an effective H2 gas sensor in the present study.The preparation and surface modification of silicon nanowires(Si NWs) were carried out by chemical methods. The morphology of the silicon nanowires unmodified and modified with nanoparticles of platinum, palladium, silver and gold was investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The chemical composition of the silicon nanowire layers was studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX). The structures of type metal/Si NWs/p-Si/Al were fabricated. The electrical characterization(I–V) was performed in primary vacuum and H2 at different concentrations. It was found that the metal type used to modify the Si NWs strongly influenced the I–V characteristics. The response of these structures toward H2 gas was studied as a function of the metal type. Finally, the sensing characteristics and performance of the sensors were investigated.     

基于改进H.264运动估计算法的120视频压缩方案

院前急救在整个医疗救治过程中占有重要位置。针对120车载终端车内视频传输过程中视频编码实时性要求,提出一种基于H.264编码器的可变尺寸块(variable block size,VBS)运动估计算法。改进的VBS运动估计算法用粗搜索和精细搜索两个阶段快速预测了待编码宏块的最佳模式并精细化宏块各个分区的运动矢量,提高了运动估计的精确度,降低了算法复杂度。实验结果表明该算法在保证平均SNR值和压缩性能的同时,与FS和FME参考算法相比,分别降低了80%和55%的编码时间,效果良好。     

泡沫陶瓷基偏钛酸型锂离子吸附剂的动态吸附和洗脱性能研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法把偏钛酸型锂离子吸附剂负载在堇青石基泡沫陶瓷上,采用离子交换柱研究了所制备的样品的动态吸附和洗脱性能。研究了液体流速、Li+浓度、单柱/多柱对吸附容量和Li+富集倍数的影响。结果表明,泡沫陶瓷基锂离子吸附剂达到穿漏点所需的时间较长,吸附剂具有较大的操作吸附容量。在一定的范围内,洗脱液的流速不会显著影响Li+的富集倍数。吸附剂对高浓度的Li+不具有富集的能力,而对低浓度的Li+具有富集的能力。通过在洗脱流出液中加盐酸将其pH值调节到原始的洗脱液pH值,再将其作为洗脱液,吸附剂对Li+的富集倍数最少可以达到26.55倍。     

基于Netfilter改善网络性能的研究与实现

针对网关服务器常有因ip_conntrack表过大使用户无法访问Internet的问题,探讨了Netfilter框架的相关机理,包括Hooks技术、包过滤、conntrack、NAT转化等.最后,分析了安徽工程科技学院校园网网关服务器出现此问题的原因,并给出了具体的解决方案.     

磁控溅射制备In掺杂ZnO薄膜及NO2气敏特性分析

利用射频磁控溅射技术在玻璃衬底上成功制备了In掺杂的ZnO(ZnO∶In)薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)的研究结果显示所制备的ZnO∶In为纤锌矿的多晶薄膜,具有高度C轴择优取向。气敏研究结果表明ZnO∶In薄膜对NO2气体有较强的敏感性,最佳工作温度为273℃,其敏感度与薄膜的厚度和NO2气体的体积分数有关。ZnO∶In薄膜对较高体积分数的NO2气体的灵敏度较高,而薄膜比厚膜的灵敏度高,厚度为90 nm的薄膜在273℃时对体积分数为2×10-5的NO2气体的敏感度高达16,表明ZnO∶In薄膜具有检测较低体积分数NO2的能力。