Solving surface plasmon resonances and near field in metallic nanostructures: Green’s matrix method and its applications

With the development of nanotechnology, many new optical phenomena in nanoscale have been demonstrated. Through the coupling of optical waves and collective oscillations of free electrons in metallic nanostructures, surface plasmon polaritons can be excited accompanying a strong near field enhancement that decays in a subwavelength scale, which have potential applications in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering, biosensor, optical communication, solar cells, and nonlinear optical frequency mixing. In the present article, we review the Green’s matrix method for solving the surface plasmon resonances and near field in arbitrarily shaped nanostructures and in binary metallic nanostructures. Using this method, we design the plasmonic nanostructures whose resonances are tunable from the visible to near-infrared, study the interplay of plasmon resonances, and propose a new way to control plasmonic resonances in binary metallic nanostructures.     

虚拟装配技术在液压机械无级变速器设计中的应用

以UG软件作为设计平台,开发设计了液压机械无级变速器的虚拟样机模型,对虚拟装配技术在液压机械无级变速器设计中的应用进行了系统的分析.在对液压机械无级变速器中几个关键零部件进行实体建模的基础上,完成了变速器系统的虚拟装配.通过对各装配体模型的干涉检查,对存在的问题进行了改进.液压机械无级变速器的虚拟装配为变速器设计的正确性提供了保证.     

汽车驱动桥总成结构设计、三维建模与虚拟装配研究

简述了依据汽车设计规范和相关设计理论对驱动桥各零件进行结构设计的主要思路.给出了在Pro/ Engineer软件中基于特征创建驱动桥各零件三维模型的思路与结果.阐述了建立驱动桥三维装配模型的方法和主要步骤.驱动桥各零件三维精确建模有助于提高其零件的数控加工精度,三维虚拟装配则有助于及时发现和解决结构设计中的问题,从而缩短驱动桥产品的研发周期,降低设计成本.     

变分渐近梁截面分析方法在叶片分析中的应用

针对非均匀的、初始弯扭的各向异性玻璃钢叶片, 由几何非线性的3维弹性理论导出了常规的有限单元横截面分析公式. 基于旋转张量分解的概念, 得到了由1维广义应变与3维翘曲位移表示的3维应变场. 根据1 维应变, 用变分渐近方法建立翘曲位移, 然后可以得到具有任意几何形状和材料特性的玻璃钢叶片的横截面刚度. 作为应用实例, 计算了1 5 MW变速恒频风力机玻璃叶片截面剪切中心位置分布和截面刚度矩阵.     

Non-symmetric hybrids of noble metal-semiconductor: Interplay of nanoparticles and nanostructures in formation dynamics and plasmonic applications

Noble metal-semiconductor hybrids have been employed as fundamental structures in modern technologies. In these hybrids, their cooperative multiple functions attract much attention in recent years because of the interplay of nanoparticles and nanostructures. In this review, we summarize the interplay of nanoparticles and nanostructures in specific kinds of noble metal-semiconductor hybrids, termed as non-symmetric hybrids of noble metal-semiconductor. It particularly refers to metal nanoparticles (or semiconducting quantum dots) at 1-dimensinal (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) semiconductor (or metal) nanostructures, in contrast to the core/shell and heterodimer nanostructures. First, we discuss the formation dynamics, especially in chemical growth and assembly as well as physical coating and deposition, of non-symmetric noble metal-semiconductor hybrids with nanoparticles on nanostructures. Second, we introduce the plasmon-related applications of these hybrids in heterogeneous catalysis, optoelectronic or photovoltaic devices, all-optical devices, and surface detection or modulation. This review not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the formation mechanisms of the non-symmetric metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures, but also may inspire new ideas of novel functional devices and applications based on these systems.     

Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra

DNA is renowned for its double helix structure and the base pairing that enables the recognition and highly selective binding of complementary DNA strands. These features, and the ability to create DNA strands with any desired sequence of bases, have led to the use of DNA rationally to design various nanostructures and even execute molecular computations. Of the wide range of self-assembled DNA nanostructures reported, most are one- or two-dimensional. Examples of three-dimensional DNA structures include cubes, truncated octahedra, octohedra and tetrahedra, which are all comprised of many different DNA strands with unique sequences. When aiming for large structures, the need to synthesize large numbers (hundreds) of unique DNA strands poses a challenging design problem. Here, we demonstrate a simple solution to this problem: the design of basic DNA building units in such a way that many copies of identical units assemble into larger three-dimensional structures. We test this hierarchical self-assembly concept with DNA molecules that form three-point-star motifs, or tiles. By controlling the flexibility and concentration of the tiles, the one-pot assembly yields tetrahedra, dodecahedra or buckyballs that are tens of nanometres in size and comprised of four, twenty or sixty individual tiles, respectively. We expect that our assembly strategy can be adapted to allow the fabrication of a range of relatively complex three-dimensional structures.     

基于能量方程的柏叶口水库三维流场的模拟研究

采用基于能量方程的条带分析方法,对矩形河槽流速进行了模拟,在对模拟结果进行验证之后,将模型应用在拟建柏叶口水库三维流场研究中.通过适体坐标变换生成水库曲线型计算网格,将生成的曲线型网格细化、分层、分条带,最后用基于能量的方程进行一维、二维和三维的流场计算.整个模拟过程易于编程实现,并可通过设置网格的疏密程度,有效控制流...     

Controlled fabrication of fullerene derivative one-dimensional nanostructures via electrophoretic deposition of its clusters

Well-defined and controllable one-dimensional(ID) nanostructures of fullerene derivative have been prepared by an electrophoretic template synthesis method. The clusters of fullerene derivative formed in mixed solvents are introduced into the channels of porous alumina templates through a dc electric field. Four types of ID nanostructures(solid nanowires, solid-wall nanotubes, porous nanowires and porous-wall nanotubes) have been obtained by changing the deposition parameters. This,approach opens a new avenue to assemble fullerene derivatives, endohedral fullerenes, as well as other functional organic compounds, which can form clusters in ID nanostructure arrays for applications in chemical sensors, light energy conversion devices and nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.     

基于边界层风洞的下击暴流稳态风场特性数值模拟

针对下击暴流稳态风场模拟问题,基于计算流体动力学方法(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD),首先分别采用二维、三维冲击射流模型对下击暴流风场进行数值模拟,对下击暴流风场特性进行研究.在此基础上,根据下击暴流对桥梁结构作用主要受水平风速影响的特点,采用二维数值模拟方法对边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板模拟下击暴流水平风速风场进行了研究.最后,设计并加工了边界层风洞下击暴流水平风速模拟试验装置,在边界层风洞中进行了下击暴流水平风速风场模拟试验,并将数值模拟结果与试验结果和已有文献结果进行了比较.结果表明:下击暴流风场的二维冲击射流模型模拟结果与三维冲击射流模型模拟结果吻合较好,即二维冲击射流模型是一种有效的下击暴流风场简化模拟方法;在边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板所模拟的下击暴流水平风速风场数值模拟结果和风洞试验结果具有较好的一致性,并与冲击射流模型数值模拟结果和现场实测结果均吻合较好,即在边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板可模拟下击暴流水平风速稳态风场特性.     

氧分压对Mn-Co-Ni-O纳米结构生长的影响

在脉冲激光沉积（pulsed laser deposition,PLD）法生长氧化物纳米材料的过程中,环境中的氧气对氧化物纳米结构的形成起着至关重要的作用。在溅射了Au纳米层的Si(111)衬底上,采用PLD法在不同氧分压下制备了Mn-Co-Ni-O纳米结构,并用X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer,XRD）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）表征了Mn-Co-Ni-O的结构特性和表面形貌。研究发现生长温度为750 ℃的Mn-Co-Ni-O微观结构与氧分压密切相关。在较低的氧分压环境下(1 Pa和5 Pa),Si衬底上生长的Mn-Co-Ni-O纳米锥结构是由Au催化的气–液–固(vapor-liquid-solid,VLS)生长机制控制。当氧分压增加到15 Pa,Mn-Co-Ni-O纳米结构的形态从纳米锥向纳米线转变,该过程是由VLS和气–固(vapor-solid,VS)生长机制共同作用。深入研究Mn-Co-Ni-O纳米结构的生长机制为获得更多的纳米线提供了理论基础。     

用二维拼装方法实现机械装配图CAD的技术策略

提出“三维问题二维解决”的新思路；用二维拼装的方法，方便迅速地实现机械零部件的装配。同时调用装配零部件的一组二维存贮的视图，并且在零部件图形库中通过赋给不同属性和分形分层处理等方法，为完成装配图中零部件标号与明细，消除零部件之间的遮挡及拆卸专用零部件图提供必要的数据。     

Supramolecular Organization of Functional Dendrimers

1 Results The possibility to develop large multifunctional macromolecular structures which can further self-assemble into nanosized objects,makes liquid-crystalline dendrimers highly attractive candidates in the field of materials science and may represent an original strategy for the realisation of molecular electronic-based devices[1-2].Sophisticated nanostructures obtained with dendrimers where mesogenic groups are not only located at the periphery of the dendrimer[3] but also at the branching points...     

大型鼠笼异步机起动性能的计算

采用二维涡流场有限元法计算小型异步电动机起动电流及转矩，已可满足工程要求，但对于大型电机，由于转子端部结构复杂，端部漏阻抗计算值不准确，使起动电流及起动转矩计算误差较大。直接计算三线电磁场，变量过多，费用太大，不易为工厂接受。为此作者提出一种新的二、三维结合的简化模型。它可分离出端部漏阻抗，代入考虑定、转子铁心非线性的二维涡流场程序进行计算，可获得误差小于１０％的计算精度，而机时与内存比直接三维场的计算少得多。对两台电机进行了实际计算，与实测值比较，精度较高。文中还对转子温度对起动参数的影响作了分析计算。     

简单溶剂热法制备纳米氧化铁

在溶剂热条件下成功制备了纳米α-Fe2O3.对产物进行了XRD、TEM、HRTEM及FESEM等表征.所得到的六方相的纳米α-Fe2O3平均粒径为200nm.通过改变实验的反应条件,可以控制纳米α-Fe2O3的形貌.并对产物的形成提出了可能的机理.     

Field emission characteristics of ZnO nanotetrapods and the effect of thermal annealing in hydrogen

Large-scale tetrapod-like ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized using a thermal chemical vapor deposition method on a silicon substrate. The high-purity nanotetrapods show sharp tips geometry with a wurtzite structure. The field emission properties of the uniform ZnO nanostructural material are investigated at different anode-cathode distances. The turn-on field for the ZnO nanotetrapods is found to be about 3.7 V/μm at a current density of 1 μA/cm^2. The field emission behavior obeys Fowler-Nordheim relationship. More importantly, the field emission properties are improved after annearing in hydrogen, and therefore high emission current and low turn-on field are obtained. These results indicate that tetrapod-like ZnO nanostructures are a promising candidate for cold cathode emitters.     

Hierarchical self-assembly of metal nanostructures on diblock copolymer scaffolds.

Self-assembly is emerging as an elegant, 'bottom-up' method for fabricating nanostructured materials. This approach becomes particularly powerful when the ease and control offered by the self-assembly of organic components is combined with the electronic, magnetic or photonic properties of inorganic components. Here we demonstrate a versatile hierarchical approach for the assembly of organic-inorganic, copolymer-metal nanostructures in which one level of self-assembly guides the next. In a first step, ultrathin diblock copolymer films form a regular scaffold of highly anisotropic, stripe-like domains. During a second assembly step, differential wetting guides diffusing metal atoms to aggregate selectively along the scaffold, producing highly organized metal nanostructures. We find that, in contrast to the usual requirement of near-equilibrium conditions for ordering, the metal arranged on the copolymer scaffold produces the most highly ordered configurations when the system is far from equilibrium. We delineate two distinct assembly modes of the metal component-chains of separate nanoparticles and continuous wires-each characterized by different ordering kinetics and strikingly different current-voltage characteristics. These results therefore demonstrate the possibility of guided, large-scale assembly of laterally nanostructured systems.     

拟地震法电磁波场有限元法正演模型

在电法勘探正演模拟中,利用有限元法提出了电磁波在二维电阻率介质模型中的传播特征。我们将电磁波波动方程与声波波动方程类比,运用适当的近似,取等效方程中相同的主要项,利用适当的边界条件,则电磁波场问题可化为类似于地震波场问题,从而可用地震资料处理技术中的任何方法去完成。我们选用的是波动方程有限元方法。计算可在频域也可在时域进行去模拟二维电阻率分布的响应即电场视剖面。实例表明:正演结果所得到的二维电阻率成像剖面与实际的二维电阻率分布完全相吻合。结果表明利用有限元进行电阻率成像是切实可行的。     

二维定常粘性气体不可压缩扩散流场半解析解

运用加法分离变量法，解析求解了二维定常粘性气体不可压缩扩散流场，得到了几组空气流场有源汇和无源汇情况下扩散流场的半解析解，并分析了其适用条件．所得结果具有重要理论意义，可以为数值计算提供标准解．拓展了加法分离变量法的适用领域，并对二维定常粘性气体不可压缩扩散流场这类复杂问题的解析求解进行了有益的尝试．     

2—D奇异系统的实现

该文针对二维（２－Ｄ）奇异系统的一般模型（ＳＧＭ）探讨２－Ｄ奇异系统的状态空间实现问题。２－Ｄ奇异系统的非因果性，即其传递函数矩阵的非真有理性使得它的实现较２－Ｄ正则系统难得多，文中设法交非真的理论的传递子矩阵变为真有理的传递函数矩阵，在已有的２－ＤＲｏｅｓｓｅｒ模型（ＲＭ）的实现基础上，提出了一种２－ＤＳＧＭ的实现算法。文末举例说明该算法，该算法在关于２－Ｄ奇异系统实现领域中至今也是最新的。     

求解开域电磁场问题的区域映射有限元法

为了求解开域电磁场问题,提出一种区域映射有限元方法。该方法把待求解的无限大区域划分为内部有限区域和外部无限区域。对内部区域,形成传统的有限元方程;对外部区域,引入几何中的Kelvin变换,对变换后的场域形成另一个有限元方程。内外区域的方程在公共边界上耦合。结果表明,该方法使用1/9甚至更少的单元即可达到传统有限元法的精度。与传统有限元法相比,该方法大量减少生成的网格单元数、计算所需的内存和时间。已在二维和三维开域问题计算中实现了该方法。