诺敏火山群钾质火山岩特征与成因

为了进一步研究诺敏火山群钾质火山岩的特征及其形成的古构造环境,对该区钾质火山岩样品,做了硅酸盐、同位素与微量元素分析。数据分析结果表明,诺敏火山群钾质火山岩主要岩性为橄榄玄武岩、白榴玄武岩、玄武质浮岩。钾质火山岩是由于地幔物质上涌,底侵于陆壳的底部,造成下地壳少量物质与地幔物质发生混溶作用,以及钾质交代作用而形成的,是大陆板块内部裂谷期岩石圈伸展作用的产物。该套火山岩成因与许多重要的浅成低温热液金矿床及斑岩型铜（金）矿床具有密切联系。该研究对恢复古构造环境,了解地幔组成具有重要意义。     

Characteristics and geological significance of olivine xenocrysts in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from western Qinling

Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Haoti, Dangchang County of the western Qinling Mountains, contain a few clearly-zoned olivines. These olivines are relatively big in grain sizes and usually have cracks or broken features. Their cores have similar compositions (Mg#=90.4-91.0) to those for the peridotitic xenoliths entrained in host volcanic rocks and their rims are close to the compositions of olivine phenocrysts (Mg#=85.5-81.9). The CaO contents in these zoned olivines are lower than 0.1%. These features demonstrate that the clearly-zoned olivines are xenocrysts and disaggregated from mantle peridotites. The zoned texture was the result of the interaction between the olivine and host magma. Available data show that the volcanic rocks would have been derived from the mantle source metasomatized by subducted hydrathermally-altered oceanic crust. The formation of these Cenozoic volcanic rocks was perhaps related to the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

^40Ar-^39Ar geochronology of Cenozoic Linzizong volcanic rocks from Linzhou Basin, Tibet, China, and their geological implications

Whole-rock and mineral separate Ar-Ar dating was carried out for the Linzizong volcanic rocks at Linzhou Basin in Tibet to constrain the time span of volcanism and the corresponding stratigraphic sequence. Sampling was based on detailed geologic mapping and stratigraphic sequence of Dianzhong, Nianbo, Pana Formations, systematically from the bottom to near the top. The results indicate that the Linzizong volcanic rocks erupted from Paleocene to middle of Eocene (64.43--43.93 Ma). Among them, the Pana Formation formed from ca. 48.73 to 43.9 Ma, the Nianbo Formation around 54 Ma and the Dianzhong Formation from 64.4 to 60.6 Ma. In combination with evidence from the geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks, and from stratigraphy in southern Tibet, it is postulated that the age of the lowest member in the Dianzhong Formation of the Linzizong volcanic rock, which overlies unconformably the Late Cretaceous Shexing Formation, likely corresponds to the inception of the collision between Indian and Asian continents in southern Tibet.     

冈底斯西段第四纪钾质火山岩的发现及赛利普组的建立

冈底斯西段赛利普一带分布有大面积的钾质火山岩,以前曾被划归上新世-早更新世赛利普群.作者对这套火山岩地层进行了详细野外调查并重新测制了火山岩地层剖面,在该套火山岩下伏及层间湖相碎屑沉积层中获得ESR年龄0.268 Ma与0.349 Ma.岩石学、岩石化学研究表明,这套火山岩是以安粗质熔岩为主的钾玄岩系列-钾质碱性玄武岩系列火山岩,岩石类型及岩石组合稳定,岩层产状平缓,岩石新鲜,层位相对清楚,故将其命名为赛利普组,属第四纪早-中更新世.这一发现对研究冈底斯构造带新生代以来岩浆活动、构造演化,进而探讨青藏高原隆升机制有着重要的地质意义.     

Discovery of the granulite xenoliths in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Hoh Xil,Tibetan plateau

Two-pyroxene granulite and clinopyroxene granulite xenoliths have been recently discovered in the Late Paleogene toNeogene volcanic rocks (with ages in the range of 4.27～44.60 Ma) that outcropped in Hoh Xil, central Tibetan plateau. Based on theelectron microprobe analysis data, the xenoliths provide constraints for the formation equilibrium temperatures of the two-pyroxene gran-ulite being about 783 to 818℃ as determined by two-pyroxene thermometry and the forming pressure of the clinopyroxene granulite beingabout 0.845 to 0.858 GPa that is equivalent to 27.9～28.3 km depth respectively. It indicates that these granulite xenoliths represent thesamples from the middle part of the thickened Tibetan crust. This discovery is important and significant to making further discussion onthe component and thermal regime of the deep crust of the Tibetan plateau.     

青藏高原改则火山岩地球化学特征

对分布于西藏改则地区班公湖-怒江缝合带的早白垩世去申拉组火山岩进行了岩石学、地球化学及大地构造研究。该区火山岩为一套低-中钾的中-基性钙碱性岩石,其中玄武岩原始岩浆来源于不均一地幔,安山岩岩浆由玄武岩岩浆结晶分异形成,岩浆在上升过程中未发生地壳混染作用;该区火山岩形成于早白垩世大陆板内裂谷构造背景下。     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for volcanic rocks of the Dasi Formation in southeast Hubei Province, middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its implications

The Jinniu Basin in southeast Hubei,located at the westernmost part of middle-lower val-ley of the Yangtze River,is one of the important vol-canic basins in East China. Volcanic rocks in the Jin-niu Basin are distributed mainly in the Majiashan Formation,the Lingxiang Formation and the Dasi Formation,consisting of rhyolite,basalt and basaltic andesite,(trachy)-basalt and basaltic trachy-andesite and (trachy)-andesite and (trachy)-dacite and rhyolite respectively,in which the Dasi volcanism is volumet-rically dominant and widespread. The Dasi volcanic rocks were selected for SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating to confirm the timing of volcanism. The results indi-cate that there exist a large amount of magmatic zir-cons characterized by high U and Th contents in the volcanic rocks. The concordia ages for 13 points are 128 ± 1Ma (MSWD = 3.0). On account of the shape of zircons and Th/U ratios,this age is considered to represent the crystallization time of the Dasi volcan-ism. The volcanic rocks in the Dasi,Majiashan and Lingxiang Formations share similar trace elementand REE partition patterns as well as Sr-Nd isotopic compositions. In combination with the regional geol-ogy,it is proposed that the southeast Hubei volcanic rocks were formed mainly during the Early Creta-ceous,just like other volcanic basins in middle-lower Yangtze valley. A lithospheric extension is also sug-gested for tectonic regime in this region in the Cre-taceous Period.     

西藏措勤布嘎寺组中基性火山岩特征及成因

西藏措勤地区布嘎寺组火山岩是一套钾质到超钾质的岩石,根据化学组成可以分为中酸性和中基性火山岩.在前人研究的基础上对布嘎寺组中基性火山岩进行野外地质调查及全岩地球化学分析,并对该构造背景、源区性质及岩石成因做了进一步的研究和探讨.该火山岩具有轻稀土元素强烈富集、大离子亲石元素和高场强元素不同程度富集、弱负铕异常等地球化学...     

西藏措勤地区典中组火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景

措勤盆地位于西藏冈底斯构造-岩浆岩带的西段北侧,该区古新世火山活动十分强烈,形成了一套厚度大于1 000 m的中酸性火山岩地层,火山岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr同位素年龄为63.9～61.0 Ma,区域上可与古近纪林子宗群下部层位相对比,归为古新统典中组.火山岩岩石化学、地球化学特征分析表明,该火山岩系属高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列,轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显.与原始地幔相比,微量元素Rb,Ba,K,Th,U富集;Ti,P,Sr,Ta(Nb)亏损.锶、氧同位素组成显示岩浆来源与陆壳物质关系密切,推测是来自于俯冲带的幔源基性岩浆与陆壳重熔酸性岩浆以不同比例混合所形成.综合研究认为,这套火山岩形成于陆缘弧构造环境,与喜马拉雅特提斯洋壳向北俯冲消减作用有关.     

山东东部中生代中基性火山岩的地球化学特征及成因探讨

本文对山东东部中生代中一基性火山岩的岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素及铅同位素特征作了系统研究．该区中生代火山岩主要为玄武岩、粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、安山岩和粗面安山岩．玄武岩属钙碱性系列的拉斑玄武岩,微量元素特征显示大离子亲石元素和高场强元素均稍富集;稀土配分模式略呈右倾型,轻、重稀土之间的分馏不明显,基本无Eu异常;铅同位素组成显示玄武岩形成于原始地幔．粗面玄武岩和安山岩类属钙碱一弱碱性系列,微量元素特征显示大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素含量低;稀土配分模式呈右倾型,轻、重稀土之间的分馏明显,基本无Eu异常;铅同位素组成显示粗面玄武岩形成于亏损地幔,安山岩类形成于富集地幔,具EMI属性．这些特征表明,山东东部中生代火山岩的岩浆来源于不同的源区．形成于早白垩世的安山岩类,产于活动大陆边缘拉张动力背景下,是由富集型地幔部分熔融形成的岩浆直接喷发形成;形成于晚白垩世的粗面玄武岩,也产于活动大陆边缘拉张动力背景下,随着弧后扩张引起拉伸作用,岩石圈伸展,从地幔来源的玄武质岩浆在上升过程中受到了陆壳物质的混染,之后沿着大断裂喷出地表形成本区显示亏损地幔来源特征的粗面玄武岩;形成于晚白垩世的玄武岩产于大陆板内拉张环境,是由原始地幔部分熔融而成的岩浆直接喷发形成．     

内蒙古翁牛特旗地区早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

研究区早二叠世火山-沉积岩系主要由火山角砾岩、凝灰质砂岩、凝灰岩、硅质岩、流纹岩、安山岩、珍珠岩等组成.其沉积建造和岩性组合表明:早二叠世,研究区位于岛弧和俯冲带之间的弧前盆地环境.二叠系下统额里图组火山岩的SiO2=50.23%~73.56%,Mg#=6.21~49.54,Na2O+K2O=5.27%~10.73%,Na2O/K2O=0.36~4.17,其中安山岩Mg#=49.54~62.61,归属为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列.微量元素(La/Yb)N介于5.52~9.89之间,δEu=0.09~0.90,具有中等-强烈负铕异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素包括Rb,K,La,Th等,而等高场强元素P,Ta,Nb、Ti则表现亏损,指示岩浆形成于与俯冲带有关的岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造环境.R1-R2因子投影判别图解亦表明其形成于同碰撞阶段,反映古亚洲洋板块向华北陆块俯持续冲过程持续的地球动力学环境.综上所述,可认为早二叠世期间,该地区仍处于古亚洲洋海域,而不是陆内裂陷槽.     

Trace element and rare earth element of cap carbonate in Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Yangtze Gorges

For the Doushantuo cap carbonate at the Jiulongwan section in the Yangtze Gorges, its concentrations of redox sensitive elements suggest two distinct enrichments in stratigraphy. These enrichments occur at about 0.8 m and 3.3 m above the bottom of cap carbonate, respectively. They are interpreted as the temporary anoxic depositional conditions due to the oxidation of seeped methane. REE＋Y patterns of the cap carbonate are classified into three types with different styles： （1） from the bottom to 2.45 m, representing the behaviors of freshwater and suggesting that massive meltwater swarmed into surface oceans during the deglaciation; （2） from 2.45 m to 3.3 m, indicating the pattern of ancient seawater possibly due to upwelling of deep water; and （3） from 3.3 m to the top, showing ＂MREE bulge＂ pattern with HREE-depletion as a result of diagenesis. The three-stage REE＋Y patterns represent the transformations of shallow water in the wake of the Marinoan glaciation in this region： the fresh meltwater was dominant first, and then it interfused into the oceanic basin by the transgression and upwelling. Bloom of plankton further introduced anoxia near the water-sediment interface.     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology of the volcanic rocks from Fanchang-Ningwu volcanic basins in the Lower Yangtze region and its geological implications

The latest eruptions in two important Mesozoic volcanic basins of Fanchang and Ningwu located in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River formed the bimodal volcanic rocks of the Kedoushan Formation and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks of the Niangniangshan Formation, respectively. The representative volcanic rocks of the two Formations were selected for LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating. The results indicate that there exist a large amount of magmatic zircons as indicated by high Th/U ratios in these volcanic rocks. The weighted mean age of 21 analyses is 130.7±1.1 Ma for the Kedoushan Formation, and that of 20 analyses is 130.6±1.1 Ma for the Niangniangshan Formation. These U-Pb ages are interpreted to represent the formation times of the volcanic rocks. In combination with other known geochronological data for Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Lower Yangtze region, it is proposed that the latest volcanic activations in the Jinniu, Luzong, Fanchang and Ningwu volcanic basins probably came to end prior to ca. 128 Ma. There is no significant time interval between the early and later volcanic activities in the Luzong and Ningwu basins, suggesting a short duration of volcanic activities and thus implying the onset of an extensional tectonic setting at about 130 Ma in the Lower Yangtze region. Integrated studies reveal that the Early Cretaceous magmatic activities and their geochronological framework in the Lower Yangtze region are a response to progressively dynamic deep processes that started with the transformation of tectonic setting from compression to extension, followed by delaminating of the lower part of the thickened lithosphere, lithospheric thinning, asthenosphere upwelling, and crust-mantle interaction.     

K-Ar age of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Nangqen Basin, Qinghai Province and its geological significance

The Nangqen Basin is one of the typical shearing-extensional basins situated in the north part of the Hengduan Mts. Nine ages of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the basin by K-Ar isotope-dilution technique have been reported in the note. The apparent ages of whole rock and separated biotite range from 32.04 to 36.50 Ma. The₄₀Ar-K (%) correlation isochronal line shows that there existed neither argon excessing, nor radiogenetic argon loosing, i.e. the age represents the true diagenetic time. Volcanic activity in this area occurred in the post-collision environment and is controlled by lithosphere substantial thickening and violent intercontinental shearing-strike slip faults. There is age difference of the magmatic activity in the east, the west and the north Tibet. The multi-periodic eruption-intrusion of the magmatic melt since Cenozoic is a tracer showing the pulsating uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷火山岩成岩作用及其对储层质量的影响

徐家围子断陷位于松辽盆地北部古中央隆起带东侧,断陷期火山活动强烈,营城组火山岩是本区深层天然气重要的储集空间。对徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩的岩石学特征、储集空间类型以及火山岩的成岩作用研究表明,本区火山岩岩石类型有熔岩和火山碎屑岩两大类,以流纹岩、熔结凝灰岩为主。孔隙类型有4种,不同的岩石类型具有不同的孔隙类型组合,最主要的孔隙类型为原生气孔、脱玻化孔和次生溶孔。火山岩的成岩演化可以分为三个阶段,目前本区火山岩主要出于埋藏成岩阶段II期。本区火山岩一共有12种成岩作用类型,不同成岩阶段的成岩作用类型并不相同,对储层质量影响最重要的成岩作用是脱玻化作用、充填作用和溶解作用。     

青藏北羌塘新第三纪玄武岩单斜辉石地球化学

目的通过玄武岩中单斜辉石成分及微量元素地球化学的研究,探讨岩浆源区性质及其大陆动力学意义。方法利用电子探针和激光探针剥蚀技术,分析了北羌塘半岛湖新第三纪粗面玄武岩中单斜辉石斑晶的常量、微量及稀土元素特征。结果单斜辉石主要为透辉石和顽透辉石种属,是玄武岩浆上升过程中逐步结晶的产物;矿物中富集Rb,Sr,Ba,Zr,Hf,Nb和Th,U,Pb,并存在Sc,Ti,V等铁族元素的低度富集,稀土元素总量平均857×10-6,轻重稀土分异显著,轻稀土强烈富集,无明显铕异常。结论单斜辉石是玄武质岩石中痕量及稀土元素的重要赋存矿物相。     

西藏措勤—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学特征

青藏高原拉萨地块是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的重要地区之一,其中广泛发育的碰撞—后碰撞岩浆岩记录了新生代以来印度大陆岩石圈向北俯冲的全过程以及拉萨地块在碰撞-后碰撞之后的岩浆作用类型.基于对措勘—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学及Sr、Nd同位素资料的分析,表明火山岩中以明显富碱和高钾为特征;Sr同位素呈递增而Nd同位素呈递...