室内环境中子能谱及剂量率的多球谱仪测量

利用自主研发的多球中子谱仪对北京市某室内环境中子能谱及剂量率进行了测量。从中子能谱获得了能量低于20MeV的环境中子注量率为2.83×10~(-3)cm~(-2)·s~(-1),估算出环境中子总注量率为3.54×10~(-3)cm-2·s~(-1);利用中子注量与周围剂量当量转换系数计算出了能量低于20MeV中子周围剂量当量率为(1.5±0.1)nSv/h,总中子周围剂量当量率为(2.1±0.1)nSv/h,与中子剂量仪测量值(2.3±0.2)nSv/h基本一致。该文测量结果与相近纬度比较相差不多,可以为评估北京室内环境中子剂量提供参考。     

强横风下青藏线客车在不同高度桥梁上的气动性能分析

采用数值模拟方法,在模拟自然风和均匀风风速分别为30m/s的情况下,研究不同高度桥梁上列车受到的横向力和侧滚力矩,导出了桥梁上车辆的横向力系数和侧滚力矩系数的表达式。计算结果表明:桥高为30m时,采用模拟自然风计算得到的横向力和临界倾覆点处侧滚力矩比采用均匀风得到的计算结果分别大约58%和63%,且桥梁越高,计算结果差别越大;车体周围的流场与速度矢量分布方式相似,但采用模拟自然风时,车体的表面压力最大值和车体周围的速度最大值分别为1.14kPa和67.6m/s,远大于采用均匀风时的最大值0.82kPa和58.8m/s;车辆受到的横向力、侧滚力矩基本上与车辆形心处的风速的平方成正比;车辆的横向力系数和侧滚力矩系数均与桥梁的高度呈指数关系,当量横向力系数为0.974,当量车体重心处的侧滚力矩系数为0.082,当量临界倾覆点处侧滚力矩系数为0.592。     

极值Ⅰ型-正态模式结构可靠性当量正态设计法

本文给出了与R.Rackwitz & B.Fiessler不同的当量正态变量的定义,利用当量正态方法,将极值Ⅰ型—正态模式转换成当量正态—正态模式,从而解决了结构可靠性设计问题,得到了极值Ⅰ型—正态模式结构可靠性当量正态设计法的可靠系数的表达式,并用两种模拟法对极值Ⅰ型—正态模式结构可靠度的理论值与设计值进行比较,得到了2070组不同参数的极值Ⅰ型—正态模式结构可靠度的理论值与设计值的相对误差,其最大误差不超过千分之九;最后,对R.Rackwitz & B.Fiessler和我们的两种不同的当量正态方法进行模拟比较。     

医用加速器场所中子和感生γ光子剂量当量的计算分析

医用高能加速器在广泛应用的同时,也存在着相关的辐射屏蔽问题,特别是迷宫内剂量的快速估算。该文对当前典型的迷宫内中子及感生γ光子剂量当量的计算方法进行了汇总,将其应用于多折迷宫的计算案例中,并与基于MCNP(Monte Carlo N-particle transport code)的Monte Carlo模拟值进行对比。结果表明:这些计算方法基本能够较为精确的估算迷道内不同点的中子和感生γ光子剂量当量,与Monte Carlo模拟值的偏差在1个数量级以内,但可能会低于模拟值。在实际应用中,可通过乘以安全系数以防止剂量低估。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的D-D中子发生器辐射防护研究

氘氘（D-D）中子发生器具有中子产额高，单色性好，可小型化等优势，因而在中子技术应用领域有着广阔的应用前景. D-D中子发生器产生的?2.5 MeV?中子由于穿透能力强以及穿过屏蔽层时产生二次γ射线因而难以屏蔽. 本课题旨在设计一个符合国家相关规定的D-D中子发生器辐射防护方案. 用蒙特卡罗程序模拟2.5 MeV中子以 1×108 n/s 通量穿过400 mm混凝土屏蔽墙时，工作人员所在监督区中子的最大周围剂量当量率为5.26 μSv/h，高于职业暴露剂量限值. 在此基础上，选用含硼高密度聚乙烯材料进行屏蔽加固. 蒙特卡罗模拟结果表明，屏蔽加固后监督区中子的最大周围剂量当量率为0.49 μSv/h，低于职业暴露剂量限值，其余各区域中子的周围剂量当量率也低于设计时要求的安全标准. 实验测量结果与蒙特卡罗模拟结果基本一致. 本文的研究结果为同类型D-D中子发生器的辐射防护提供了参考和借鉴.     

10MeV电子辐照加速器周围辐射场测量与分析

详细计算了一台10 MeV的电子直线加速器周围某些关键位置的辐射剂量,并对其进行了连续监测以及累积剂量的测量,测量结果充分说明工作环境是安全的.在迷宫出口位置理论值很好地符合测量值,这充分验证了经验公式的合理性.同时发现迷道内剂量衰减趋势与计算模型中使用的距离平方反比规律有所不同,要在迷道长度达到一定值后才能确保经验公式给出的结果是保守的.为了实现对辐射场的连续实时监测,此次测量中使用一种新的数据采集设备Mini-DDL(mini digital data logging).     

空间辐射剂量及屏蔽效应研究

为分析空间辐射剂量及屏蔽效应,建立空间辐射剂量Monte Carlo评估方法.建立了符合空间辐射点点分布均匀、处处各向同性的抽样方法,并实现了基于体元的人体屏蔽模型.计算了3种屏蔽厚度下质子空间辐射的器官当量剂量和有效剂量分布,分析了不同厚度的屏蔽效果.结果表明,器官当量剂量在100～200 MeV之间存在高峰,有效剂量在200 MeV左右存在高峰;随能量增加,次级粒子有效剂量贡献增大,重粒子增长速度最快;提出了加大眼晶体和性腺屏蔽厚度,开发新型辐射屏蔽材料的建议.     

GaAs/Ge太阳电池电子辐射效应的移位损伤剂量分析

引入移位损伤剂量,对国产空间用GaAs/Ge太阳电池电子的辐射效应进行研究分析。首先计算电子在电池中的非电离能损(non-ionizing energy loss,NIEL)值,再用其与电子辐射注量的相乘,得到相应的移位损伤剂量(displacement damage dose,Dd),并对不同能量电子辐射下GaAs/Ge太阳电池最大输出功率Pmax随Dd的衰降曲线进行修正。分析结果表明:用Dd代替辐射注量,可使不同能量电子辐射引起的GaAs/Ge太阳电池Pmax的衰降能用单一曲线来描述。由此,通过NIEL值的计算和相对少的电子实验数据,就可确定太阳电池Pmax的衰降曲线,能够方便地预测在轨任务太阳电池的工作寿命。     

非线性三带模拟移动床色谱的半解析优化计算

针对三带模拟移动床色谱的实际模型,用一种融合了前馈与反馈的半解析优化计算方法对三带模拟移动床色谱过程进行了模拟.首先,由非线性单柱色谱理 论解析地给出一个三带模拟移动床色谱的主要操作参数即切换时间值,然后利用所得结果与 目标量之间的偏差来校正切换时间,在理论指导下进行优化搜索,切换时间能很快达到最佳 值.将测得的系统参数引入计算,并将计算结果用于实际操作,得到了很好的分离效果.     

空间电荷聚焦中正离子的中和作用

本文叙述了外腔式倍频速调管中的电子注的获得。当运用钨纲阳极,得到电子检导流系数述９微朴。采用空间电荷聚焦,前籍助于正离子对电荷聚焦,并籍助于正离子对电子负空间电荷的部分中和,当电子注经过具有三个钨纲长度为３４毫米的空间达到收集极电子流的流速系数为６０％（三小钨纲的计算截获不３６％）。对不同的真空度,电压为３００伏时,通过照像方法扩取电子注轮廓,进行了分析,近似地得到定量的正离子中和系数与真空度关系。在设计电子注的聚焦时,运用了中和系数的概念,可以计及电子注中正离子的中和作用。 通过脉冲实验,得到具有正离子及没有正离子时流通系数的比值与电子注导流系数的关系。还得到倍频速调管中电子注达到稳定流能所需要的时间与电子注导流系数的关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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