一种有效去除椒盐噪声的开关中值滤波器

图像去噪追求的目的是既能去除图像中的噪声,同时又能较完整的保持图像的细节信息。在研究几种基于中值的椒盐噪声去除方法基础上,设计了一种有效去除图像椒盐噪声的开关中值滤波器。提出的算法首先利用图像灰度值的两个极值把像素点分为信号点和可能噪声点。在滤波阶段,对于信号点保持其灰度值不变,对于可能噪声点分两步进行处理:根据噪声密度决定滤波窗口尺寸并判断滤波窗口内是否包含信号点,如果无信号点则以窗口内像素的中值作为可能噪声点的恢复值,这一步可对误判噪声点进行纠正;而其余可能噪声点采用极值舍弃滤波和递归滤波估计其灰度值,滤波窗口尺寸固定为3×3,这一步用来去除噪声和保持图像细节。实验结果表明,本文算法在主客观方面都优于相比较的方法,且对不同水平的椒盐噪声都具有较好的去除性能。     

一种混合噪声图像去噪的平滑算法

提出了一种新的混合滤波算法,对混有高斯和椒盐噪声的图像进行去噪处理.该算法首先对受椒盐噪声污染的像素点,采用自适应中值滤波算法进行去除;然后利用高阶统计量针对高斯噪声的不敏感特性,对受高斯噪声污染的像素点,采用其周围梯度和最小的几个点的灰度平均值来代替其灰度值去除噪声.实验结果表明,该算法能够在去除高斯和椒盐噪声的同时,保留更多的图像细节信息,特别是对感染较大噪声的图像有更好的去噪效果.     

一种基于极值的自适应中值滤波改进算法

提出了一种基于极值的自适应中值滤波改进算法,该方法可以有效地保护图像细节,并去除图像中的椒盐噪声.首先利用椒盐噪声的分布给出疑似噪声的判断标准,然后根据噪声密度自适应地确定滤波窗口大小,再采用一种新的算法进行滤波,最后将本算法与其他几种滤波算法进行对比,实验结果表明,本算法优于其他中值滤波算法.     

一种抑制混合噪声的灰色关联滤波算法

在传统中值、均值滤波算法的基础上借鉴灰色关联理论,提出了一种有效抑制混合噪声的滤波算法.算法采用窗口自适应策略,先统计3×3滤波窗口内椒盐噪声点数目,如果数目大于7,则扩大窗口至5×5.计算各点关联系数,将滤波窗内非椒盐噪声点的灰度值作为比较序列,它们的中值或均值作为参考序列,对于椒盐噪声的滤除参考序列使用中值,对于高斯噪声的滤除使用均值作为参考序列.然后将各非噪声点灰度值与关联系数加权运算,得出的灰度值替换噪声点像素值.通过实验验证了几种算法的性能差别,证实了算法具有较强的去噪能力和边缘保护效果.     

一种新的基于脉冲噪声点检测的自适应中值滤波算法

传统的中值滤波算法在去除脉冲噪声时会造成图像细节信息的丢失,从而使图像变得模糊,提出一种新的基于脉冲噪声点检测的自适应中值滤波算法.该算法先检测出脉冲噪声点,采用自适应窗口对噪声点进行中值滤波.仿真实验表明,与传统中值滤波相比,这种新算法很好地保留了图像的细节,提高了峰值信噪比.     

结合循环迭代方法的自适应中值去噪新模型

针对传统去除椒盐噪声方法在图像噪声密度较高时去噪性能较差的缺点,本文提出了一种结合循环迭代方法的自适应中值去噪新模型,提高了高密度椒盐噪声下去噪算法的性能.该滤波器工作模式可分为三个阶段：首先,图像疑似噪声点预处理,通过极值判断法,将待处理像素点进行区分得到疑似噪声点;其次,确定噪声点处理,将已确定噪声点用邻域内的中值或均值自适应替换,从而完成去噪;最后,疑似噪声点再次处理,通过算法内置参数和条件,进一步判断疑似噪声点是否为噪声点.该模型还加入噪声标记点方法,通过迭代处理判断标记点结束去噪,得到滤波后的图像.仿真实验证明,本文提出的方法较传统的几种去除椒盐噪声滤波算法,针对无论是低密度噪声图像或是高密度噪声图像,去噪性能都有一定的提升,且能够较好地保留图像边缘和纹理等结构信息.     

利用图像统计特征的的自适应中值滤波算法

椒盐噪声是图像中一种常见的噪声,如何去除椒盐噪声一直是图像处理研究的热门领域。自适应中值滤波是去除椒盐噪声较好的算法,该算法认为极值点是噪声点,实际上极值点有可能是噪声点也有可能是图像细节点。本文针对极值点提出了基于局部区域均值和方差信息和细节点在某一方向上是连续的特性进行极值点两次判定的算法。     

基于L~1范数变分模型的高密度椒盐噪声滤波

针对现有图像滤波算法在去除高密度椒盐噪声方面的不足,提出了一种基于L1范数变分模型的去噪算法.该算法首先根据椒盐噪声的特点和像素的局部灰度特征分离出噪声点和信号点,在滤波过程中,对信号点不予处理,而对噪声点采用基于L1范数的变分模型进行恢复.由于椒盐噪声的灰度值与原始像素无关,因此,去噪时只利用噪声点邻域内信号点本身的灰度信息,并将已处理过的噪声点当作新的信号点,以避免对下一像素滤波时的影响.最后通过仿真实验,结果表明,在高密度噪声条件下(50%),该算法的噪声去除能力和细节保护能力均可获得令人满意的结果.     

基于改进PCNN模型的对称中值滤波方法

为滤除灰度图像中椒盐噪声同时保留图像细节,提出了一种椒盐噪声滤波算法.首先利用改进PCNN模型执行一次点火操作从而定位灰度图像中噪声像素点位置,然后利用提出的对称检测中值滤波算法对已定位的噪声点进行滤波而其他位置像素信息保持不变.实验仿真表明,新提出的方法对噪声密度低于60%的椒盐噪声图像较已有的滤波算法有更优异的滤波性能.该算法能有效滤除噪声而且对图像的边缘细节保留完整,实验结果证明了算法的有效性.     

基于方向信息自适应2次噪点检测的降噪方法

椒盐噪声的处理是图像噪声处理的重要环节,针对传统中值滤波方法存在的不足,提出1种基于方向信息自适应2次噪声点检测去椒盐噪声的方法.该方法在噪声密度不同时进行分类处理,小于某一阈值时通过方向信息区别边缘点和噪声点,降低噪声点误判的概率,在噪声密度大于某一阈值时,将所有可疑噪声点全部确定为噪声点.之后对确定的噪声点进行改进的自适应中值滤波,根据窗口中非噪声点的密度不同采用不同的滤波方法.在处理加入噪声密度为80%的Lena图时,PSNR达到28.97 d B,SSIM达到0.981 2,实验结果表明,能够去除图像中的椒盐噪声,对不同密度噪声降噪鲁棒性较强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that