多参数位移反分析优化设计与约束反演

针对岩土工程位移反分析，提出一般地应力场优化设计的数学形式，构造了岩层变形破坏的结构性计算模型。应用以有限元和约束优化为基础的正定式化方法进行了多参数约束反演，并编制了计算程序。通过地应力参数和岩层结构模量的数值反演算例，说明优化设计和约束反演能同时有效地识别多个参数，可提高反演可靠性和准确度，且能保障计算稳定性。     

地下水模拟面向对象有限元的类设计

根据地下水模拟有限元的计算特点，依照面向对象的程序设计方法，用C 语言，建立了矩阵类、单元类、结点类、水文地质参数类、基函数类、源汇项类、有限元主类等，据此完成了地下水有限元的面向对象的程序设计。与传统的地下水有限元程序相比，程序更易重用、维护、扩充，便于与地下水模拟的其他程序集成。     

孔隙水压力作用的弹塑性CPPM算法及隧道围岩力学参数反演

海底隧道相比陆地隧道更易导致突水等灾害,为了研究隧道围岩在孔隙水压力作用下的受力、变形规律、塑性区的变化以及力学参数不易准确给出的问题.首先在弹塑性本构方程积分算法—最近点投射算法(Closest Point Projection Method)中引入修正有效应力公式,使用C++语言编制了考虑孔隙水压力作用的弹塑性有限元求解程序,应用所编程序对不同孔隙水压力作用下隧道的位移场、应力场及塑性区进行模拟;其次基于智能优化算法—差异进化算法(Differential Evolution)和所编弹塑性有限元求解程序开发了智能反分析程序,对不同差异策略下反演参数的精度进行比较,分析了反演参数的演化趋势随着进化代数的变化规律.研究结果表明,所编制的考虑孔隙水压力作用的弹塑性有限元程序可以较好地进行数值计算,计算结果显示孔隙水压力对隧道的受力、变形及塑性区影响比较显著,随着孔隙水压力的增大,塑性区明显扩大.自主开发的智能反分析程序反演结果具有较高的精度,其中差异策略对反演精度影响较为明显,同时在反演时需综合选择算法的变异因子和交叉因子,以达到反演参数最优化的目的,可以将所开发的程序应用于实际隧道围岩力学参数反演,对设计及动态施工起到辅助作用.     

演化参数反演方法

给出了一类基于演化计算的演化参数反演方法，此类方法既可以给定参数的函数类，用遗传算法（Genetic Algorithms)来反演参数的最优估计值，也可以不指定函数类形式，用遗传程序设计（Genetic Programming）的方法反演出最优的函数模型，使参数反演实现客观化、自动化、由此建立反演系统后，在使用过程中可以根据最新获得的数据对模型中的物理参数作适时校准，一旦发现预报误差较大，就利用演化算法及时修正方程中的参数以改进预报，运用该方法于椭圆边值问题的物理参数反演的数值模拟，证实了此方法的有效性，为物理模型和的反演提供了一种崭新的实用方法。     

基于多输出支持向量机和遗传算法的岩土参数反演方法

提出了基于多输出支持向量机(M-SVM)和遗传算法(GA)的岩土参数反演方法.在进行参数反演过程中,根据正交试验产生一系列参数的可能组合;采用有限元法(FEM)得到坝体不同测点处的位移计算值.将不同的材料参数组合作为输入,相应的位移计算值作为模型的输出来训练M-SVM模型,以便模拟坝体位移和材料参数之间的复杂关系.采用GA来求解材料参数反演所对应的优化问题.在进行最优材料参数搜索的过程中,采用训练好的M-SVM模型来替代有限元计算,以获得坝体位移的计算值,从而大大减少了计算所需的时间.根据某面板堆石坝沉降的监测数据和有限元仿真模型,实现了以上反演过程.反演分析的结果表明,本文提出的岩土参数反演方法具有计算精度高和计算效率高等优点,可以应用于实际工程中.     

隧道围岩弹性模量及泊松比反演程序开发与验证

对UCODE软件进行编程二次开发,建立该软件与有限元软件间接口,实现UCODE程序与有限元软件间的实时数据交换.以浙江某穿山隧道为工程背景,进行围岩弹性力学参数反演程序验证.以隧道围岩弹性模量E及泊松比v为待反演参数,弹性模量E反演初始值分别设定为真值的1/2和2倍,泊松比v反演初始值作相应变化.反演分析结果表明,无论待反演参数初始值如何取值,反演结果都收敛于真值附近,且与真值误差不超过3%,验证了反演程序的稳定性和精确性.     

岩石弹塑性损伤参数反演在地铁车站中的应用

针对大多数弹塑性损伤模型存在涉及参数多且不易确定的问题,使用C++语言编制弹塑性损伤本构求解程序并将其集成到自主开发的基于差异进化算法(Differential Evolution,DE)的智能参数反分析程序中,通过算例验证了本构模型的准确性及智能反演程序的可行性.在此基础上,将该程序应用于大连地铁洞桩法车站的损伤参数反演工作中,通过第一个施工工序的监测位移反演损伤参数,并用反演所得参数对后续施工工序进行有限元模拟.研究结果表明:该方法及程序具有较好的可靠性,能够解决实际工程问题,对现场施工有较好的指导作用.     

基于遗传算法的混凝土热学参数反分析及其应用

根据曹娥江大闸施工现场实测的温度值,利用遗传算法对大闸混凝土温度场进行反演计算,并将计算值和实测值进行对比,分析计算结果的合理性,得到反映混凝土热学性能的参数.通过这些参数,利用三维有限元仿真计算程序对施工现场混凝土温度场进行反馈计算,确定温控防裂措施,指导后续闸墩施工.反演结果表明,遗传算法作为一种优化算法,具有收敛速度快、效果好等特点.周7,表1,参11.     

煤层注水渗透特征的参数反演

为克服实验室测定方法的条件限制和方法本身存在“以点代面”的不足，提出用可变容差最优化方法根据注水试验观测资料反演煤体导水参数和贮水参数的方案，建立了煤体湿润的观测值(水分增值)与计算值的相对偏差最小为搜索目标函数。提出利用对己知参数的正向结果的反演计算来验证反演算法的精度。通过用不同初值对自身的反演，结果表明，反演收敛快，精度高，稳定性好，对初值的选择要求不高。在进行抗噪性实例检验计算中，迭代21次，调用有限元数值模型42次后参数既趋向稳定；湿润分布(水分增值)的最大绝对误差不超过0．03％，计算精度满足工程要求。这项研究，能够实现利用现场注水的结果不断修正模型参数，使模型不断适应煤层条件的变化。     

无坝体温度监测数据老坝的导温系数反演分析

为了解决缺乏坝体温度监测数据的老坝混凝土热学参数反演问题，利用常见的坝体位移监测资料，通过建立监控模型分离出温度分量，运用温度分量相位与气温相位之间的滞后关系，并借助温度场与变形场的有限元计算以及拟合优化，提出一种基于变形监测资料的老坝导温系数反演方法，并以丰满大坝为例进行了计算分析。结果表明，反演得到的导温系数为0.0978m²/d，在合理范围之内。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the