内照射小器官剂量计算中减方差技巧的比较和应用

在用人体模型计算内照射比吸收分数的Monte Carlo模拟中,对小尺寸、远距离器官的计算结果通常精度不够,可信度差,这就要求采用减方差技巧。该文采用一个简单模型比较了直接模拟和区域粒子分裂-轮盘赌、强迫碰撞与DXTRAN球、指向概率强迫碰撞3种减方差技巧的效果。结果表明指向概率强迫碰撞方法能更有效解决此类问题。利用中国人体数学模型,选择一组典型的源靶器官对,计算了一个实例,得到了可信度高的吸收分数值并体现了指向概率强迫碰撞方法的优越性。     

Monte Carlo方法的最优源项偏倚抽样密度函数

Monte Carlo粒子输运中的源项偏倚抽样方法可以减小方差、提高计算效率。该文通过建立一个多区域分权重数学投篮模型,模拟了输运过程中的源项信息,得到了源项偏倚抽样方差最小时的最佳抽样密度函数解析式。采用随机数值方法对模型进行了计算,验证了函数的正确性,并举一例实际的粒子输运模拟问题,表明最优偏倚抽样方法对减小方差的效果显著。该方法可作为一种普适的减方差技巧应用于Monte Carlo粒子输运中,可用于构造粒子源参数(如位置、发射方向等)的最佳偏倚密度函数,尤其在分层抽样时能给出方差最小的最优各层比例系数。     

广角X射线散射实验的散射角度修正

在同步辐射小角与广角联用X射线散射实验中由于原位实验设备的引入,探测器所获得的散射角并非真实的散射角,因此需要对探测值进行修正以获得真实的散射角.校正过程需要解决两个问题:一是要建立一个方程来完整描述实验中可能产生角度偏差的各种因素;另一个问题是寻找探测值和真实散射角的对应关系.本文以一维弧形探测器为原型建立了一种通用构造校正方程的方法,首先建立以样品中心为原点的几何模型方程,然后根据精度要求对方程进行泰勒近似,获得了简化的校正方程.通过模拟不同实验条件下的真实散射角与探测值,证实了校正方程的可行性,同时模拟结果也可以应用于解决寻峰的问题,最后选取La B6,Ce O2,Y2O3三种标准样品在不同实验条件下对校正精度进行了验证.根据探测器偏离样品中心的距离可分为三种模式(模式一模式二模式三),模式二、三的校正结果与理论分析相吻合,而模式一由于角度分辨较小以及视差效应等造成校正精度略大于理论预测值.这一方法同样适应于一维线性探测器、二维面形探测器等广角探测器.     

复方血栓通胶囊中4个有效成分的一测多评定量方法研究*

为建立复方血栓通胶囊中4个有效成分的一测多评定量方法,采用高效液相色谱法,以人参皂苷Rg 1为参照对照品,计算其与三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1的相对校正因子,并进行含量计算,实现一测多评;同时采用外标法验证一测多评法的准确性。实验结果显示校正因子重现性好,采用校正因子计算的含量值和外标法实测值之间没有显著性差异。故采用一测多评法同时测定复方血栓通胶囊中4个有效成分的含量,具有准确、简便、经济实用等优点,值得推广。     

小金牛草质量控制方法研究

为了建立小金牛草药材的定性定量检测方法,为其质量评价提供依据,采用薄层色谱法对其进行定性鉴别;自制Telephenone B对照品,以芒果苷为参照物,建立芒果苷与Telephenone B间的相对校正因子,采用HPLC结合一测多评的方法进行含量测定,并将外标法测定的结果与计算值进行比较,评价所建立的一测多评方法的准确性和可行性。结果表明,薄层色谱斑点清晰,易于判断。芒果苷和Telephenone B分别在0.2~1.4μg(r=0.999 9)和0.13~0.91μg(r=0.999 4)范围内线性关系良好。所建立的相对校正因子重现性良好,采用相对校正因子计算的含量值与外标法的实测值之间没有显著性差异。该方法准确可行,可用于小金牛草的质量控制。     

一测多评法测定党参中党参炔苷、党参苷Ⅳ和苍术内酯Ⅲ的含量

采用HPLC法以药材中专属性成分党参炔苷、党参苷Ⅳ和苍术内酯Ⅲ为指标,在一定范围内,建立党参炔苷与党参苷Ⅳ和苍术内酯Ⅲ之间的相对校正因子(0.290 9,0.927 7),并用所建立的相对校正因子计算其它2个成分的含量;同时采用外标法测定7种不同来源药材中以上3种成分的含量(实测法),比较计算值与实测值的差异,以验证一测多评法的准确性和科学性.结果表明:党参药材中3种专属性成分可以用一测多评法进行测定,实测值与计算值间没有明显差异(RSD<4%).     

四面体络离子(CrO_4)~(4-)电子顺磁共振g因子的理论计算

用四面体络离子(CrO4)4-g因子完全高阶微扰公式计算了Ba3Ge2O7晶体g因子,与双SO耦合参数模型相比,荷移模型计算的g因子与实验值更接近。荷移模型获得的g因子与实验值的差仅为0.0003,而双SO耦合参数模型获得的g因子与实验值的差高达0.0249。     

锥束X射线CT投影的蒙特卡罗仿真

提出了一种锥束X射线CT(计算机断层扫描)投影的蒙特卡罗计算方法,对X光子逐次抽样并以随机步长跟踪,将探测器区域内的沉积能量转化为投影信号,使用蒙特卡罗计算工具EGSnrc执行后台批处理计算,得到符合成像物理学的仿真投影.经过合理加速和参数优化,计算量较通用默认设置降低了2个数量级.对生成的锥束投影进行重建,结果显示出预期的射束硬化和散射伪影.该方法易于进行二次开发,贴近真实设备,是锥束X射线CT原型机散射校正的基础.将仿真投影与真实的物理设备测量数据进行比较,平均误差为1.18%.     

哈特曼波前探测器波面重构精度研究

活体人眼波前像差的精确探测一直是人眼自适应成像系统波前探测和波前校正的难点。以Shark-Hartman波前探测器(S-H)和液晶空间光调制器(LCOS)搭建了一套活体人眼像差探测及眼底自适应成像系统。对Shark-Hartman波前探测器(S-H)波面探测精度的影响进行研究。在液晶空间光调制器LCOS施加同阶等大小的波前畸变,探测不同情况下的哈特曼波前探测器上的波面重构值并且加以分析,并对当前波前探测精度的自适应像差校正及成像结果进行对比分析。利用优化参数的哈特曼波前探测器进行自适应校正成像实验。实验证明,人眼动态像差的精确探测是自适应系统像差校正的基础。哈特曼波前传感器的波前探测及重构精度是获得人眼眼底视网膜的衍射极限分辨的根本,哈特曼波前传感器的子孔径数选择及子孔径大小对眼底自适应成像系统起到关键作用。     

讨论碰撞理论中的校正因子P

本文用气体分子动力学推导了碰撞理论中的气相双分子反应速度公式,它自然包括了校正因子P。从引用的几个例子的计算结果看还比较合理,但在一般的《物理化学》书中,校正因子P却必须靠经验决定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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