GaN掺杂Er~(3+)纳米颗粒的电子结构及光学性能分析

采用Material Studio软件模拟GaN掺杂稀土元素Er⁽³⁺⁾浓度在6.25%下的晶格结构,分析了掺杂GaN的光学特性,结论表明,掺杂后的GaN具有较好的发光性能.同时,实验上用氨还原法制备了3组掺杂GaN∶Er(3+)浓度在6.25%下的晶格结构,分析了掺杂GaN的光学特性,结论表明,掺杂后的GaN具有较好的发光性能.同时,实验上用氨还原法制备了3组掺杂GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾纳米颗粒.3组样品的X射线衍射结果均显示样品结构为六方纤锌矿结构,利用Scherrer公式,计算得到3组样品GaN∶Er(3+)纳米颗粒.3组样品的X射线衍射结果均显示样品结构为六方纤锌矿结构,利用Scherrer公式,计算得到3组样品GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾纳米颗粒的平均晶粒大小为25.9nm;测量了3组样品的GaN∶Er(3+)纳米颗粒的平均晶粒大小为25.9nm;测量了3组样品的GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾纳米颗粒的室温光致发光谱,获得了样品在可见光区(位于375(3+)纳米颗粒的室温光致发光谱,获得了样品在可见光区(位于375⁶50nm)的3个发光峰并对3组样品进行分析比较,分析了样品520nm的激发光谱.由光致发光谱得到的3条发光峰表明所制备的GaN∶Er650nm)的3个发光峰并对3组样品进行分析比较,分析了样品520nm的激发光谱.由光致发光谱得到的3条发光峰表明所制备的GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾具有较好的光学性能.理论和实验上确定了稀土E(3+)具有较好的光学性能.理论和实验上确定了稀土E⁽³⁺⁾离子掺杂GaN纳米颗粒的较合适的掺杂浓度为6.25%.     

白光LED用K_2TaF_7∶Mn~(4+)红色发光晶体发光性能研究

通过溶剂挥发法生长出红色棒状K_2TaF_7∶Mn~(4+)发光晶体,通过X线单晶衍射确定其晶体结构及相关晶胞参数.通过对样品的发光性能研究,样品最强激发带位于466 nm左右的蓝光区,半峰宽约为70 nm;最强发射位于628 nm处.当n_(Mn~(4+))∶n_(K_2TaF_7)为35%时所得晶体的红光发射最强,外量子效率高达49.2%.将K_2TaF_7∶Mn~(4+)发光晶体、YAG∶Ce~(3+)黄色荧光粉和蓝光GaN芯片组装成暖白光LED,所得器件具有优异的光电性能.     

Eu~(3+)和Yb~(3+)掺杂的近红外发光材料的制备及荧光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列近红外发光材料Y_(1.98-x)Yb_xEu_(0.02)O_3(其中x=0,0.01,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.10),并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光光谱(PL)等测试方法、技术对样品的物相结构和发光特性进行了表征及测试.结果表明:Eu~(3+)和Yb~(3+)掺杂的荧光粉中,Eu~(3+)和Yb~(3+)部分取代了Y~(3+),并占据其晶格位置,而对Y_2O_3的立方相晶体结构未产生显著影响;在466 nm波长(Eu~(3+)的特征激发峰)激发下,在可见光区及近红外光区可观察到较强的发射光谱,其中,Y_(1.94)Yb_(0.04)~(3+)Eu_(0.02)~(3+)O_3在近红外光区发光效率最高.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出Eu~(3+)和Yb~(3+)掺杂的新型荧光材料,可将硅太阳能电池吸收较弱的高能光子转换成吸收较好的近红外光子,可有效解决太阳光谱与硅太阳能电池光电响应之间存在的光谱失配问题.     

铽掺杂氟化钙纳米晶粒的制备及发光性能研究

利用LSS(Liquid-Solid-Solution)方法,通过改变稀土元素Tb~(3+)离子的掺杂浓度,制备了一系列晶粒尺寸小、形貌均匀的Tb~(3+)离子掺杂CaF_2纳米晶粒.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)表征制备样品的形貌和晶体结构;用光致发光光谱(PL)表征不同掺杂浓度下样品的发光性能.实验结果表明:所有样品均保持立方萤石结构,无其他杂质相.光致发光测试表明Tb~(3+)离子最佳掺杂浓度为10%;在325 nm波长激发下,在545 nm有最强绿光发光峰,杰出的荧光特性使Tb~(3+)离子掺杂CaF_2纳米晶粒在荧光标记应用中成为一种有前景的绿色荧光材料.     

高温固相法合成Y2WO6∶Sm3+红色荧光粉

采用高温固相法合成了荧光粉基质Y_2WO_6,并且制备了Y_(2-x)WO_6∶xSm~(3+)(x=0,0.005,0.010,0.020,0.025)系列红色荧光粉。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和荧光光谱仪等试验仪器,对荧光粉样品的晶体结构和发光性能进行了表征。结果表明,Sm~(3+)离子成功掺入Y_2WO_6基质中,合成的荧光粉粒径小于5μm,其激发波长范围为240～340 nm。发射带的中心位于453 nm处,发射峰分别位于565,613,657 nm处。当Sm~(3+)的掺杂摩尔分数x=0.005时,荧光粉的发射强度达到峰值。以上结果表明,Y_2WO_6∶Sm~(3+)荧光粉在白光二极管(WLEDs)上具有潜在的应用价值。     

白光LED用橙红色荧光体Sr_2MgSi_3O_9:Eu~(3+)的制备和光谱性质

采用凝胶-燃烧法在活性炭弱还原气氛下成功合成了新型橙红色发光材料Sr_2MgSi_3O_9:Eu~(3+).用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光分光光度计等对合成产物进行了分析和表征.结果表明:此发光材料与Sr_2MgSi_2O_7具有相似的晶体结构,同属四方晶系.样品的一次颗粒近似球形,粒径在100 nm左右.样品Sr_2MgSi_3O_9:Eu~(3+)的激发光谱在220～300 nm内出现一宽带吸收,归属于Eu~(3+)-O~(2-)之间的电荷迁移带,300 nm以后出现的锐线峰为Eu~(3+)的f→f跃迁吸收峰,其最强锐线峰位于400 nm,对应于Eu~(3+)的基态到~5L_6激发态跃迁吸收,因而,可以被InGaN管芯产生的紫外辐射有效激发.发射光谱由2个强发射峰组成,位于592 nm和618 nm处,分别属于典型的Eu~(3+)的~5D_0→~7F_1和~5D_0→~7F_2跃迁.此外,研究还发现共掺杂适量Ti使得发光颜色由橙红色向红色转变,发光强度明显增强.     

Er掺杂的ZnS纳米带的合成和光致发光性质

以金为催化剂,利用热蒸发方法合成掺杂铒(Er)的ZnS纳米带。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明Er掺杂的ZnS纳米带仍具有六方纤锌矿结构。采用激发波长为244nm激发样品,发现Er掺杂的ZnS纳米带的光致发光(PL)谱中共有5个发光峰,它们的位置为437,520,549,673和805nm,分别对应ZnS纳米带本身缺陷,Au离子掺杂,以及Er~(3+)离子~4S_(3/2)-~4I_(15/2),~4F_(9/2)-~4I_(15/2)和~4I_(9/2)-~4I_(15/2)跃迁引起的发光。     

La2O3∶Tb3+纳米晶的燃烧法制备及其光致发光性质

采用柠檬酸燃烧法制备稀土Tb3+掺杂的La2O3纳米晶,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和荧光分光光度计对La2O3∶Tb3+纳米晶的结构、形貌和发光性能进行分析.结果表明,不同柠檬酸与稀土离子配比(C/M)制备的样品经800℃退火后均得到结晶性良好的六方相La2O3∶Tb3+纳米晶,晶粒尺寸约为20nm.纳米晶的三维荧光光谱图显示,Tb3+在基质中的最佳激发波长为280nm,在280nm光的激发下,La2O3∶Tb3+纳米晶产生Tb3+的特征发射峰,归属于5D4-7FJ(J=6,5,4)跃迁,主发射峰位置均在543nm处(5D4-7F5跃迁).同时研究了柠檬酸与稀土离子配比(C/M)对结晶度、发光性质等的影响.     

静电纺丝制备Y_3Al_5O_(12)∶Tb~(3+)发光纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝制备了非晶态的PVP(polyvinyl pyrrolidone)/[Y(NO3)3+Al(NO3)3+Tb(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,经900℃焙烧10 h后,获得了单相石榴石型的Y3Al5O12∶Tb3+(简称YAG∶Tb3+)发光纳米纤维,直径约70 nm,长度大于100μm.当焙烧温度高于550℃时,复合纳米纤维中水分、有机物和硝酸盐分解挥发完毕,样品不再失重,总失重率为86.7%.YAG∶Tb3+发光纳米纤维在273 nm的紫外光激发下,发射出Tb3+离子特征的543 nm的明亮绿光.讨论了YAG∶Tb3+发光纳米纤维的形成机理.该技术可以用来制备其他石榴石型化合物纳米纤维.     

白光LED用Na_3SrB_5O_(10):Dy~(3+)的合成及发光性能研究

采用高温固相法合成Na_3SrB_5O_(10):Dy~(3+)(n=0. 5,0. 8,1. 0,1. 5,2. 0)系列荧光粉,利用X射线衍射仪、荧光光谱仪对材料的结构和发光性能进行了测试和分析. XRD测试结果表明掺Dy~(3+)量不应超过2%.荧光光谱图显示,在588 nm监测波长下的最佳激发波长为345 nm,在345 nm波长激发下有490 nm(B)和589 nm(Y)两个主要特征峰,其中589 nm处的特征峰最强.随着Dy~(3+)浓度的增大,发射峰Y和B的强度比值Y/B有微小变化,荧光粉表现出较好的发光稳定性.从发射光谱可知当掺Dy~(3+)量达到2. 0%时发生浓度猝灭,表明最佳掺杂浓度为1. 5%.计算出该基质中Dy~(3+)的临界传递距离为3. 05 nm.激发波长取345 nm时,Na_3SrB_5O_(10):Dy~(3+):n%Dy~(3+)(0. 5～2. 0)系列荧光的色温范围为3 200 K～3 500 K,发光为暖白光.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~