功能梯度材料热弹性分析的高阶格点型有限体积法

为提高功能梯度材料(FGMs)热弹性分析的准确性,本文发展了一种二维高阶格点型有限体积法(CV-FVM)。该方法采用八节点四边形单元(Q8)和六节点三角形单元(T6)离散控制方程,并利用交错网格技术,将材料属性定义于单元中心,将待求解的未知变量定义于单元节点。应用该方法求解FGMs的热传导、应力和热应力问题,结果与文献中的解析值吻合良好,验证了其正确性。在计算存在大温度梯度的FGMs热传导问题时,高阶CV-FVM能够有效避免数值振荡;在进行复杂FGMs热弹性分析时,高阶CV-FVM能够有效避免数值不连续问题;同时,在相同的网格数下,采用Q8单元的高阶CV-FVM比低阶CV-FVM和采用T6单元的高阶CV-FVM计算精度要高。     

复合材料广义热弹性问题格点型有限体积法研究

基于Lord-Shulman(L-S理论)、Green-Lindsay(G-L理论)及经典热弹性耦合理论(T-C理论),本文发展了一种适用于二维复合材料广义热弹性问题的格点型有限体积法(CV-FVM).运用交错网格技术,待解变量存储在单元节点,物性参数存储在单元中心,控制方程空间项采用双线性四边形单元进行离散,时间项采用欧拉隐式进行离散.针对均质无限大方板热冲击问题,本文对CV-FVM进行了数值验证,计算结果表明,本文发展的数值方法可以很好地捕捉热波波前和弹性波前的温度阶跃特性及热弹耦合特征.本文采用CV-FVM进一步研究了不同梯度系数p下钛合金/氮化硅复合板的热冲击问题,发现L-S理论复合板p=1时预测的功能梯度界面应力最小;T-C、G-L理论下,复合板p=10时预测的功能梯度界面应力最小,不同耦合理论选系数p对界面热弹性行为影响规律并不相同,并非材料线性分布(p=1)时界面应力幅值最小.本文发展的CV-FVM可作为复合材料热波问题和广义热弹性问题求解的一种备用工具.     

二维不可压N-S方程二次四边形单元有限元解

粘性不可压流体问题是众多工程中重要的力学问题.数值求解Navier-Stokes方程会遇到两大困难:非线性和不可压性.针对二维不可压Navier-Stokes方程的特点,建立了以流函数为求解变量的四阶微分控制方程,有效地避免了处理涡量边界的难题.采用8节点二次四边形单元,单元基函数为2次非线性高阶函数,建立了求解二维不可压N-S方程的有限元方程,并自主开发了二次四边形单元有限元程序.数值实验结果验证了该方法的精确性和可靠性.因此,该方法在计算流体力学中有较好的应用前景.     

平面弹性接触问题的光弹性-数值组合解法

利用光弹性 -数值组合解法对平面弹性接触问题进行了研究 .利用边界积分方程 ,结合接触状态 ,形成接触问题的系统方程 .采用增量迭代的方法 ,通过计算程序求得数值解 .由光弹性实验得出实验解 ,并将此解与数值解进行比较 ,结果相近     

两个功能梯度压电压磁条粘结的Ⅲ型问题

利用奇异积分方程法研究两个功能梯度压电压磁条粘结在渗透和非渗透边界情况下的Ⅲ型裂纹问题.首先通过积分变换得到问题的形式解,然后利用边界条件通过积分变换与留数定理得到了一组奇异积分方程,最后利用Gauss-Chebyshev方法进行数值求解,讨论了材料参数、非均匀参数以及裂纹几何形状等对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响.从结果可以看出,压电压磁复合材料中反平面问题的应力奇异形式与一般弹性材料中的反平面问题应力奇异形式相同.     

弥散裂缝模型水力压裂数值方法的网格敏感性分析

在非线性岩土/石力学问题中,网格质量是影响计算结果的一个重要因素.本文分析了弥散裂缝模型水力压裂数值求解方法中单元高宽比(AR)对计算结果的影响.材料的弹性部分采用线弹性和多孔弹性两种本构关系,屈服和破坏准则采用Drucker-Prager(DP)和Mohr-Coulomb(MC)两种模型.通过综合分析,无论采用何种本构关系,均存在网格敏感性问题.当裂缝的传播方向已知时,可以将单元的AR值控制在2.8~8.0之间,以避免弥散裂缝模型的网格敏感性问题,并得到稳定的结果.如果裂缝传播方向未知,建议使用线弹性本构关系和DP或者MC塑性模型,同时建议AR的取值为1.0.     

含裂纹的功能梯度压电压磁条粘结问题的奇异积分方程方法

利用奇异积分方程方法研究了一个含裂纹的功能梯度压电压磁条与半无限大功能梯度压电压磁材料粘结在非渗透边界条件下的Ⅲ型裂纹问题.首先通过积分变换得到问题的形式解,然后利用边界条件通过积分变换与留数定理得到了一组奇异积分方程,最后用Gauss-Chebyshev方法进行数值求解,讨论了材料参数、材料非均匀参数以及裂纹几何形状等对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响.结果表明,压电压磁复合材料中反平面问题的应力奇异形式与一般弹性材料中反平面问题的应力奇异形式相同,但材料梯度参数对功能梯度压电压磁复合材料中的应力强度因子和电位移强度因子有很大影响.     

正交异性粘弹性材料Ⅰ型裂纹尖端场研究

研究正交异性粘弹性材料在对称载荷作用下,裂纹尖端的应力与位移分布。首先利用La-place积分变换法,将正交异性粘弹性问题转化为拉普拉斯空间的正交异性弹性问题进行求解;其次,在正交异性弹性材料板裂纹尖端解的基础上,利用准静态粘弹性-静态弹性对应原理,得到Laplace域内正交异性粘弹性裂纹尖端的解;最后采用F.Durbin数值方法将其作逆变换,求得正交异性粘弹性材料Ⅰ型裂纹尖端的数值解。通过在力作用开始时的粘弹性解与相同条件下的弹性解进行对比,表明采用F.Durbin数值反演方法可以得到更精确的解。     

基于微分变换法的变截面压杆临界载荷分析

通过细长压杆挠曲近似微分方程理论,建立了变截面压杆失稳控制微分方程.该方程为4阶变系数常微分方程,其解析解不易得到,采用微分变换法(DTM)进行数值求解.将变截面压杆的控制微分方程和边界条件进行无量纲化,采用DTM将变截面压杆的无量纲控制微分方程和边界条件转换为包含临界载荷的代数特征方程,通过编程计算数值,给出4种不同...     

用于各向异性压电材料的边界元法

给出一种用于压电材料静态问题的简单积分方程式.将压电体的控制方程按分离出各向同性及非耦合加权的形式进行重写,使各向同性弹性和势场问题的基本解可以通过积分方程列式表达,而另外两个补充方程通过压电材料的本构方程加以表达.最终,将耦合的各向异性问题转化为求解包含4个未知矢量的矩阵方程组.通过一个压电梁的计算实例说明了此方法的适用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that