Presence of sodium transport inhibiting factor in dog plasma during volume expansion

Summary Plasma dialysates from volume-expanded dogs (E) were compared directly to dialysates from the same dogs when hydropenic. In a double-blind study, E caused relative inhibition of short-circuit current in toad urinary bladder. We therefore confirm the presence of a sodium transport inhibiting factor in plasma of volume-expanded dogs.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Hospital (103.6M). We would like to thank the laboratory of Dr V. Buckalew at Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North-Carolina, for preparation of plasma dialysates; G. Huber and E. Fink for technical assistance and K. Conrad for secretarial assistance.     

Tolerance to cold and glucose homeostasis in adrenal demedullated dogs

Summary The rise in O₂ consumption and in glucose turnover, induced by acute cold exposure is not suppressed by adrenal demedullation in dogs. However, both at neutral and cold ambient temperature, the mean plasma glucose concentrations are higher in normal (N) than in adrenal-demedullated dogs (ADMX). In the cold, the fall in rectal temperature is larger in ADMX than in N dogs.This work was supported by a grant from Université Claude Bernard (U.E.R. Lyon Nord and U.E.R. Biologie Humaine).The authors thank D. Rougier and G. Dallevet for their excellent technical assistance and A. Brillant for secreterial assistance.     

Altered arterial connective tissue in racing greyhound dogs.

Vascular collagen and elastin contents and the ratio of collagen/elastin (C/E) were studied in racing greyhound dogs, a breed which exhibits increased cardiac output. As compared to mongrel dogs, vascular C/E was lower, suggesting a greater distensibility of vessels as an adaptive response to hemodynamic stress.     

Inhibition or augmentation of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation by factors of cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines

Summary Stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was found to be suppressed or augmented by the addition of supernatants or cell dialysates of cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines.This research was supported by a grant from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel.We wish to thank Mrs L. Ashani and Mrs D. Bernhout-Maiberger for their valuable technical assistance.     

Inhibition or augmentation of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation by factors of calculated lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was found to be suppressed or augmented by the addition of supernatants or cell dialysates of cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines.     

Effect of epinephrine upon irreversible disposal and recycling of glucose in dogs

Summary Irreversible utilization and recycling of glucose during epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia were studied in adrenal-demedullated dogs exposed to neutral or cold ambient temperature. Whatever the ambient temperature, most of the extra glucose mobilized by epinephrine is recycled rather than irreversibly utilized by the peripheral tissues.This work was supported by a grant from Université Claude Bernard (U.E.R. Lyon Nord and U.E.R. Biologie Humaine).J. Schellhorn was on leave from the University of Chile. The authors thank D. Rougier and G. Dallevet for their excellent technical assistance.     

Effects of sequential periods of intracranial hypertension on lung fluid balance

Summary Pulmonary hemodynamics and fluid and protein exchange were examined in dogs subjected to three successive periods of intracranial hypertension. Results indicate that the alteration in lung fluid balance is due to increased microvascular surface area following capillary recruitment. The relationship to the mechanism of neurogenic pulmonary edema is discussed.Acknowledgments. Supported in part by grants 79-N17, 80-N105 and 82-N136 from the California Affiliate of the American Heart Association, by a grant from the Strobel Medical Research fund of the American Lung Association of San Francisco and by USPHS GMO7416-2 traineeship (TAJ). The authors thank L. Blount, E. Blount and J. Wong for their assistance.     

Effects of palytoxin on the electrical activity of dog and rabbit heart

Summary Reversible effects of palytoxin, extracted from colonies of the soft coralPalythoa caribaeorum, are described. There is a decrease of both membrane resting potential and overshoot during activity. Rise time of the action potential is prolonged, while repolarization is shortened. The electrical events resemble those seen with metabolic poisons.This work was supported by grant 10897 from the National Heart and Lung Institute, Bethesda, Md., and by grant 3.758. 72 from the Swiss National Science Foundation.I wish to thank Dr W. C. De Mello for hospitality in his department, Dr T. Morales for allowing me to use his equipment, Dr. J. Santos Martínez for providing me with hearts of poisoned and unpoisoned dogs, and Drs E. Toro-Goyco and A. M. Preston of the Department of Biochemistry for letting me have a sample of toxin.     

Dog behaviour as related to spinal cord temperature

Summary 3 dogs could behaviourally modify their own spinal cord temperature (T_{spin. cord}). In a hot environment, 2 dogs did not cool their spinal cord, 1 dog warmed it. The higher the environmental temperature, the higher the chosen T_{spin. cord}. These results seem to imply that this latter dog tended, in warm environment, to behaviourally reduce: T_s>T_{spin. cord} (T_s mean skin temperature). Data obtained previously support this explanation.This experiment has been supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (L.A. No. 181 C.N.R.S.) and by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale I.N.S.E.R.M./A.T.P. No. 4-74-25).     

The effect of endotoxin on plasma α-aminoisobutyric acid

Summary The i.v. injection of bacterial endotoxin into dogs was found to cause a rapid increase in plasma levels of infused -aminoisobutyric acid. The findings suggest that nonmetabolic factors (tissue uptake, fluid shifts) influence amino acid distribution during endotoxemia.This investigation was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, Contract N0001476CO132. R.E.K., Postdoctoral Fellow, supported by HL07090. Address correspondence to J.J.S.     

Hematocrit as an index of changes in plasma volume in conscious dogs

Summary Hematocrit (HCT) measurements were made in intact and splenectomized conscious dogs to determine if observed decreases in HCT were produced by plasma volume expansion or splenic sequestration of erythrocytes. We found that in conscious dogs HCT is a poor indicator of changes in plasma volume.Supported by National Institutes of Health grant No. HL 13427.I.Z. ist the recipient of an Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to thank Mary Anne Richards for her technical assistance.     

Alterations in the fraction of oxygen in inspired gas affect rates of renal prostaglandin E2 synthesis in anesthetized dogs

Summary Reductions of oxygen in inspired gas from 20% to 15%, in anesthetized dogs, reduced arterial PO₂ and increased the renal efflux of PGE₂ but not PGF_2a . Renal blood flow, blood pressure, plasma renin activity as well as arterial pH and PCO₂ were unaffected. PGs may mediate the renal hemodynamic or excretory consequences of alterations in PO₂. In addition, minor variations in PO₂ might account, in part, for the variable renal venous PGE₂ concentrations reported under basal conditions.Authentic prostaglandins were supplied by Dr John E. Pike of the Upjohn Company. This work was supported by grants from the Veterans Administration, the Southern Medical Association and U.S. Public Health Service. Dr. Brash is an American Heart Association, Missouri Affiliate Fellow.     

Digoxin distribution between plasma and myocardium in hypoxic and non-hypoxic dogs

Summary The relationship between plasma and myocardial digoxin concentrations was investigated in hypoxic and nonhypoxic dogs. The results indicate that hypoxic dogs have lower plasma levels, higher myocardial levels, and an altered myocardial distribution when compared to non-hypoxic dogs.     

Hematocrit as an index of changes in plasma volume in conscious dogs.

Hematocrit (HCT) measurements were made in intact and splenectomized conscious dogs to determine if observed decreases in HCT were produced by plasma volume expansion or splenic sequestration of erythrocytes. We found that in conscious dogs HCT is a poor indicator of changes in plasma volume.     

Histologische Veränderungen der Magenschleimhaut des Hundes bei wiederholter Tetrachlormethanzufuhr

Summary Long-term administration of tetrachloromethane led to cirrhosis of the liver in dogs. Neither a repeated administration of the hepatotoxic substance nor cirrhotic changes of the liver led to changes of the gastric mucosa. The histological picture of the gastric mucosa was the same in dogs with liver cirrhosis as in healthy animals.     

Necrosin und die Leukozytenphagozytose

Summary The euglobulin fraction necrosin, prepared according toMenkin from pleural exudates of dogs, strongly inhibitsin vitro bacterium phagocytosis by leucocytes obtained from the abdominal cavity of rats. Depending on the concentration, the average effect amounts to 18–35%. Necrosin has a similar effect (21–38%) on the circulating leucocytes of the dog. The euglobulin fraction prepared by the same method from the serum of untreated dogs has but a slight inhibitory effect on leucocyte activity.     

Independence of circulating insulin levels of the increased glucose turnover in shivering dogs

Summary In dogs, selective insulin deficiency induced by simultaneous somatostatin and glucagon infusion does not alter the high rate of glucose utilization provoked by acute cold exposure. However, both in resting and in shivering dogs, lowering of plasma insulin decreases plasma glucose metabolic clearance significantly.     

Independence of circulating insulin levels of the increased glucose turnover in shivering dogs

In dogs, selective insulin deficiency induced by simultaneous somatostatin and glucagon infusion does not alter the high rate of glucose utilization provoked by acute cold exposure. However, both in resting and in shivering dogs, lowering of plasma insulin decreases plasma glucose metabolic clearance significantly.     

Gastric secretion during anaesthesia and its inhibition by metiamide and other drugs.

The histamine H2-receptor antagonist, metiamide, inhibits the acid gastric secretion produced by chloralose-urethane anaesthesia in dogs carrying gastric cannulae chronically. This secretion is also prevented by atropine and hexamethonium. "Spontaneous" gastric secretion of vagal origin in conscious dogs is also blocked by metiamide.     

The time course of plasma enzyme changes accompanying skeletal muscle stimulation

Summary 30 min electrical stimulation of hind limb skeletal muscle in nembutal anaesthetised dogs was accompanied by increases in arterial haematocrit, plasma GOT and plasma LDH, which were almost completed within the first 10 min of stimulation. This fast response indicated that a rapid change in either the entry and/or clearance of enzyme from the plasma must have occurred.