超快速强热流加热半无限体瞬态温度场理论分析

计及超快速加热引起传热过程的非傅立叶效应,建立了第二类边界条件下的半无限体的动态温度场方程组。用拉普拉斯变换法对方程进行求解;结果表明,强热流快速加热在半无限体内产生一个温度波。波面通过之处引起局域温度突然升高。     

Non-Fourier heat conduction study for steady states in metallic nanofilms

As a fundamental theory of heat transfer, Fourier’s law is valid for most traditional conditions. Research interest in non-Fourier heat conditions is mainly focused on heat wave phenomena in non-steady states. Recently, the thermomass theory posited that, for steady states, non-Fourier heat conduction behavior could also be observed under ultra-high heat flux conditions at low ambient temperatures. Significantly, this is due to thermomass inertia. We report on heat conduction in metallic nanofilms from large currents at low temperatures; heat fluxes of more than 1×1010 W m 2 were used. The measured average temperature of the nanofilm is larger than that based on Fourier’s law, with temperature differences increasing as heat flux increased and ambient temperature decreased. Experimental results for different film samples at different ambient temperatures reveal that non-Fourier behavior exists in metallic nanofilms in agreement with predictions from thermomass theory.     

脉冲热流作用下球体内的非傅立叶热传导

分析了球形物体表面遭受一随时间变化脉冲热流时的双曲型非傅立叶热传导问题．给出了此类超急速传热情形下的热传导方程、边界条件及初始条件的无量纲形式,采用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换技术,求得了任意时刻球体内部温度分布的解析解．作为算例,计算了方波脉冲这类随时间变化热流作用下球体内的温度变化,结果表明,该类超急速热传导问题与常规的傅立叶热传导相比具有明显不同的特征     

由激光辐照固体表面引起的非Fourier三维传热问题的解析解

针对激光束瞬间加热物体表面时,材料表面附近温度场变化的问题,建立了基于非傅里叶热传导理论的三维热传导数学模型. 考虑了激光束的聚焦特征,即热量或高温主要集中在光束中心附近的局部区域,且沿材料表面切向呈非均匀分布. 利用积分变换技巧,得到了问题Laplace逆变换的解析形式,从而给出了新的温度场解析解,并据此分析了传热过程中固体内部的温度场演化规律及特征. 数值计算结果显示,该问题的温度场呈现出明显的非傅里叶传热特征,与经典的热传导的扩散形式不同,它是以波的形式进行传热的.      

Molecular dynamics simulations of non-Fourier heat conduction

Unsteady heat conduction is known to deviate significantly from Fourier＇s law when the system time and length scales are within certain temporal and spatial windows of relaxation. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate unsteady heat conduction in argon thin films with a sudden temperature increase or heat flux at one surface to study the non-Fourier heat conduction effects in argon thin films. The studies were conducted with both pure argon films and films with vacancy defects. The temperature profiles in the argon films showed the existence of mechanical waves when the thin film was suddenly heated and the wave nature of the heat propagation. The flux phase relaxation time, Zq, and the temperature phase relaxation time,τt, were calculated from the temporal variations of the energy flux and temperature distribution in the film. Comparisons of the MD temperature profiles with temperature profiles predicted by Fourier＇s law show that Fourier＇s law is not able to predict the temperature variations with time. Different film thicknesses were also studied to illustrate the variation of the time needed for the films to reach steady-state temperature profiles after a sudden temperature rise at one surface and to illustrate the finite speed of the energy waves.     

按非Fourier定律分析陶瓷薄膜受热沉积作用的热力耦合问题

考虑热传导的非Fourier定律,并且在温度控制方程中计入应变和应力变化的热效应,在应力本构方程中计入了温度变化的影响,得出了各向同性线性热弹性温度梯度非Fourier物质的热力双向耦合方程,且对有限厚度陶瓷薄膜,给出了边界受单一脉冲热沉积的典型一维瞬态问题的数值结果.讨论了延迟时间对温度增加量和应力分布的影响.主要结论:对陶瓷类介质,由于热渡波速和膨胀波波速有极大的数量级差异,热力耦合对传播速度影响甚微,即以十分接近热波波速和膨胀波波速传播.由于外加作用是以热学量给出的脉冲热沉积,因此传播的主要控制速度是热波波速.传播的力学量属高阶小量.     

调制激光束的温度效应

研究聚焦的调制激光束照射团体材料表面时所引起的温升分布。根据固体对光的吸 收和材料的热传导过程建立了数学模型。在柱坐标系下用Ｈａｎｋｅｌ积分变换方法求解一般 形式的热传导方程得出了直流温升和交变温升空间分布的积分表达式。通过计算机模拟 得到了不同材料的温升分布与激光束参数之间的关系。     

冲击热流快速加热半无限体热冲击问题非傅立叶效应研究

基于热量传播速度为有限值的双曲线型导热微分方程式,对实际中常见的冲击热流快速加热半无限体所产生的动态热应力问题进行了理论研究,分析了动态温度效应和热;中击期间动态热应力的变化规律。所得结果对完善发展热冲击理论及分析其机理都具有重要的意义。     

One-dimensional unsteady general solution for Wang bioheat transfer equation with heat source proportional to temperature

An analytical general solution is derived for the non-Fourier Wang bioheat transfer model with special internal heat production. It is valuable for finding the special solutions with specified conditions and for expanding the understanding of the non-Fourier heat conduction phenomena in living tissues, for example, the controversial temperature fluctuation effects. This analytical solution can also be used as the benchmark solution to check the numerical calculations and to develop various numerical computational approaches. Because there is an arbitrary function in the expression of internal heat production, this solution can actually be applied to many types of internal heat production distributions.     

基于傅立叶级数解的导温系数现场测定

将路面温度场抽象为1维瞬态热传导方程,由分离变量法导出满足方程的傅立叶级数,推导出在已知界面温度时确定1维层状体瞬态温度分布的解答.基于路面温度场实测数据,提出用牛顿法反算路面材料导温系数的方法.在路面降温过程中路面温度沿深度单调变化时,傅立叶级数解取50项就能够达到0.01℃的精度.实测数据分析结果表明:路面沥青层中上部导温系数较下部稍大,中面层AC-16导温系数为0.002 4m2.h-1,底面层AC-25为0.001 6m2.h-1,比大多实验室测定值低.     

Thermon gas as the thermal energy carrier in gas and metals

The thermon gas may be seen as the main thermal-energy carrier in heat conduction. Consider phonons, which are defined as the energy quanta for quantized lattice vibrationss, and the phonon gas, which consists of a large number of randomly moving phonons. In the same way, a thermon in gas and metal is defined as the equivalent mass of thermal energy of a gas molecule or an electron, respectively, and the thermon gas consists of a large number of randomly moving thermons. Like the phonon and the photon, the rest mass of a thermon is zero. Because the mass of a moving thermon changes continuously, the thermon may be regarded as a nonquantized quasiparticle. Thus, heat flux can be seen as the directional flow of the thermon gas due to a given temperature gradient. The thermon mass is m_h=E/c², where E is the thermal energy and c is the speed of light, and the thermon gas is actually a compressible gas flow with real mass. According to the principle of aerodynamics, the state equations of a thermon gas in either gas or metal are obtained by different statistical functions. Furthermore, Newtonian mechanics may be applied to obtain the momentum-conservation equation of a thermon gas, which is actually the general heat-conduction law, and which reduces to Fourier’s law when thermal inertia is negligible. The general heat-conduction law is a damped wave equation that can be used to quantitatively investigate thermal wave phenomena caused by heating of thin metal films by ultrafast laser pulses. The numerical solution of the general heat-conduction law is obtained using a finite-difference method with double precision, and the results show that the thermal wave increases as the spatial inertia of the thermon gas increases.     

自然环境中混凝土内微环境温度响应

研究了有/无遮挡条件对自然环境中一维混凝土内微环境温度响应的影响规律.基于傅立叶传热原理和第三类边界条件,推导出2种工况下的一维混凝土内微环境温度响应模型,并利用现场试验结果论证了所建模型的合理性;此外,还提出了利用实测结果求解混凝土的热扩散系数和表面换热系数等参数的方法.试验结果表明:所构筑的不同工况条件下的混凝土内微环境温度响应模型可表征混凝土内微环境温度响应变化规律,其理论拟合曲线与实测结果基本吻合;有/无遮挡条件对混凝土内微环境温度响应影响较大,主要体现在温度响应波幅、极值和出现时间等方面,这是因为主导混凝土与环境间的换热方式不同;基于理论推导和实测结果所解出的混凝土热扩散系数和表面换热系数等参数的精度较高.     

超音速下梯形复合材料层合板的气动热弹性分析

发展了有限元分析方法,对超音速环境中梯形复合材料层合板的气动热弹性问题进行了研究。考虑可压缩流和斜激波的影响,采用一阶活塞理论来表示气动压力。针对复合材料层合板的不规则结构,以及由于气动加热而产生的复杂温度分布,利用有限单元法,建立梯形复合材料层合板的热传导方程和气动热弹性耦合运动方程。通过热传导方程得到板的温度分布,再结合气动热弹性运动方程分析梯形板的气动热弹性特性。通过数值计算,研究了气动加热和铺设角对超音速下梯形板的固有频率和模态的影响。     

辐射-导热耦合换热边界元算法

本文提出了一种求解辐射-导热耦合换热问题的边界单元算法(BEM),该方法将两种传热方式通过辐射热源耦合起来.首先,采用BEM对辐射传热方程、辐射热源方程和含有辐射热源的热传导方程进行离散;其次,利用辐射传热方程消除辐射热源方程中的辐射热流项;然后,根据Stefan-Boltzmann定律形成含有温度四次方以及热流密度表示的非线性代数方程组.出现在所有积分方程中的域积分由径向积分法转换成边界积分,形成了对于参与性介质问题也只需在边界上划分单元的纯边界元算法.最后,用Newton-Raphson迭代法对方程组进行求解.提供的数值算例将表明本文所介绍方法的正确性与有效性.     

真空渗碳炉加热系统结构优化数值模拟研究

为了优化加热系统结构,保证真空渗碳炉加热性能,采用COMSOL有限元软件建立真空渗碳炉加热过程数值模型,分析了加热系统中石墨加热管的数量、长度和分布半径等关键结构参数对工件表面热流密度、有效加热区温度分布的影响规律.模拟结果表明:加热功率恒定,减小加热管数量、长度和分布半径均可以使工件表面热流密度增大,加热效率提高;将加热管数量设为偶数,并适当减小加热管长度,增加加热管分布半径可以显著改善有效加热区内温度分布均匀性.该研究结果对真空渗碳炉加热系统结构设计优化具有一定指导意义.     

工业喷嘴雾化冷却特性测试方法

基于非稳态导热原理,设计并开发了一套喷嘴喷雾冷却特性测试实验装置。将Q215钢种试样加热并恒定表面温度,然后通过对表面进行喷雾强制冷却,连续采集并保存冷却过程中试件不同测点的温度变化。通过Matlab与VC6.0接口编程,离线拟合密度、比热容及导热系数等热物性参数与温度拟合方程以及不同测点温度与时间的拟合方程。结合测试的拟合方程,对非稳态导热方程进行离散处理间接测量表面的传热系数,进而评价喷嘴冷却特性。通过系列现场测试实验,测试喷雾冷却过程中表面温度,水流密度及喷水压力等条件下表面的传热系数,实验结果真实反映了喷雾冷却条件下喷嘴的冷却特性,并表明该方法可行,能实现喷嘴冷却特性测试及喷嘴性能评价。     

PHOENICS求解非稳态导热对流及辐射换热耦合问题

分析了采用大型通用计算程序ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＳ（１．４版本）求解有内热源的非稳态导热与对流换热及辐射换热的耦合问题，发现由于该程序所求解的能量方程实际上是比焓方程，若求解域中不同物质（固体、流体）的质量热容相差很大时，采用整体求解法将得出错误的结果，并使结果发散。为了解决这个问题，发展了原有虚拟密度法，新方法可以同时求解非稳态的能量方程、动量方程及连续性方程，从而使利用ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＳ（１．４版本）求解非稳态耦合换热问题变得简单可靠。     

Some non-Fourier heat conduction characters under pulsed inlet conditions

Through simulating one-and two-dimensional non-Fourier heat conduction problems under different pulsed inlet conditions, this paper numerically predicts some different non-Fourier heat conduction characters arose from different pulse types and different pulse frequencies. Meanwhile, the differences among thermal wave, non-Fourier and Fourier heat conduction are also showed.     

基于辛方法的二维非稳态热传导问题研究

基于二维热传导理论,通过引入对偶变量,推导了非稳态热传导温度场问题的辛对偶方程组。采用分离变量法和本征展开方法,建立起一种本征值和本征解的直接求解方法,得到了适用于任意跨厚比的平面非稳态问题的解析解。由于在求解过程中不需要事先人为地选取试函数,而是从基本方程出发,直接利用数学方法求出问题的解,使得问题的求解更加合理化。探讨不同跨厚比、不同时间步长情况下温度和热流密度的分布规律,并与已有解进行比较。结果表明,辛方法是一类可行的研究非稳态热传导的方法。考虑到非零本征值本征解具有局部性特点,进一步讨论不同跨厚比、不同时间情况下温度和热流密度分布的端部效应问题。为非稳态问题的理论及实际应用研究提供了新的途径。     

边界元分域计算多层结构瞬态温度场的转移矩阵法

本文提出了分析瞬态热传导问题的转移矩阵法。利用边界元和转移矩阵法进行分域计算可以有效地处理不规则结构和多层结构问题。该方法还有输入数据少,计算精度高及所需计算机内存小等优点,适于在微机上求解大型复杂结构的瞬态温度场。