生物功能电极：Ⅱ.酶修饰电极反应动力学

分别用吸附交联法和共价键合法将葡萄糖氢化酶修饰在破碳电极表面上，并用循环伏安法和旋转圆盘电极技术研究其生物电催化动力学．提出酶修饰电极的界面模型并导出电极上酶促反应的稳态动力学表达式，从而指出由电化学方法测得的固定化酶表观动力学参数的物理意义．讨论了酶修饰电极的电而响应特性与固定化酶的性质、酶电极界面的几何特征、溶液中的传质以及电子传递体在电极基体上的电荷传递动力学等因素的关系．     

HRP的电化学固定化及HRP／P—OPD酶电极的性能

利用电化学固定化方法制备含辣根过氧化物酶的聚邻苯二胺（ＨＲＰ／Ｐ－ＯＰＤ）膜电极，改变聚合用溶液的酸度和所含支持电解质的成分，研究酶的固定化过程及其对所得酶电极性能的影响．结果表明依电聚合条件而异，酶可能以不同途径进入聚合物基质中．支持电解质的品种会影响酶膜的形成速度、组成和稳定性．所得ＨＲＰ／Ｐ－ＯＰＤ膜电极可在溶液不含电子传递体的条件下催化Ｈ２Ｏ２的还原，电聚合过程中进入酶膜的寡聚体可能充当酶的电子传递体     

聚乙烯醇静电纺丝法固定葡萄糖氧化酶

利用静电纺丝纳米纤维具有高比表面积和多孔疏松结构的优势固定葡萄糖氧化酶，以提高酶电极的性能．通过聚乙烯醇（PVA）和葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）共同静电纺丝的方法在金电极表面获得了固定化酶膜，用于构筑安培型葡萄糖生物传感器，膜的红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和扫描电镜的分析均表明酶成功固定在静电纺丝形成的纳米纤维膜中．循环伏安测试表明固定化酶在静电纺丝纳米纤维中保持了活性，采用PVA静电纺丝法固定COD比利用浇铸膜法所得到的酶修饰电极对葡萄糖有更好的电流响应特性，通过在静电纺丝溶液中加入纳米金进一步提高了酶电极的电化学响应特性．     

辣根过氧化物酶/聚邻苯二胺膜电极上苯二酚生物催化氧化的动力学研究

用酶的电化学固定化方法制备辣根过氧化物酶／聚邻苯二胺膜（ＨＲＰ／ＰＰＤ）电极．以对苯二酚和邻苯二胺在该酶电极上的氧化为模型体系，讨论了有机物生物催化氧化的一般动力学模式以及影响酶电极检测的因素．邻苯二胺可在辣根过氧化物酶的存在下发生聚合，因而它在ＨＲＰ／ＰＰＤ电极上的氧化过程比对苯二酚的复杂．测定了不同电位下对苯二酚在ＨＲＰ／ＰＰＤ电极上的反应动力学参数，并根据实验结果确定该有机物检测的合适工作电位．     

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的固定化及其应用研究(I)球形纤维素阴离子交换剂对环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的固定化研究

以球形纤维素弱阴离子交换剂为载体固定化环湖精葡萄糖基转移酶，研究了给酶量、吸附时间、载体粒度对固定化效果的影响．考察了固定化前后其酶学性质的变化．结果表明，酶经固定化后，热稳定性有所提高；pH值的影响则与自由酶不同，出现了两个活力峰值；固定化酶的Km值有所增大；10mmol／L的CaCl2可使固定化酶活力有较大幅度的提高，这一浓度的CaCl2也有利于固定化酶在室温下的保存，15天后，固定化酶活力仍保持80％以上．     

胰蛋白酶固定化新工艺研究

我们以脱乙酰壳聚精为载体，明胶包埋，戊二醛为交联剂，对胰蛋白酶的固定化条件和固定化胰蛋白酶的性质进行了研究．本文报道的新工艺，是一种制备固定化胰蛋酶的理想方法．它兼有絮凝法迅速方便，包埋法成型容易和交联法强度大等优点．本文还就交联剂用量、明胶用量、ＰＨ值以及载体与酶的比例对固定化胰蛋白酶的影响进行了比较．在所选择的固定化条件下，固定化酶的活性回收率可达５６％以上．固定化酶的最适温度为６８℃，最适ＰＨ７．９，Ｋｍ值升高，热稳定性、ＰＨ贮存稳定性以及在乙醇溶液中的抗变性亦明显高于可溶性胰蛋白酶．在柱式反应器内，以２．５％酪蛋白为底物时操作半衰期为４６天左右。     

蛋白双酶（胰蛋白酶─木瓜蛋白酶）的固定化研究

以脱乙酰壳多糖为载体，戊二醛为交联剂，对胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的固定化条件及固定化双酶的动力学性质进行研究．实验对比了交联剂的用量、交联的ｐＨ值、温度及载体与酶的比例等因素对固定化的影响．确定了固定化双酶的催化特性：最适ｐＨ７．５～８．１，最适温度是６０℃，Ｋｍ值是０．５２ｍｇ／ｍｌ，并对固定化双酶的热稳定性、固定化双酶的活性与固定化单酶的活性进行了比较．     

多孔性甲基丙烯酸树脂的合成及葡萄糖淀粉酶的固定化

用悬浮聚合法合成了多孔性甲基丙烯酸树脂。用此载体比较了保护戊二醛法，重氮化法和叠氮法固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶的效果，并研究了二乙醇胺保护戊二醛活化载体，树脂多孔结构多数及不同悬臂长度等方面对固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶活力的影响。结果表明，用保护戊二醛法活化的树脂固定化酶效果较好。当戊二醛与二乙醇胺为４∶１（摩尔比），树脂孔径为５５２．１，比表面为２８．３ｍ￣２／ｇ孔容为０．６３５ｃｍ￣３／ｇ时，固定化酶的相对活力为５５．６％，而酶活回收率为２４．７％。     

微胶囊法和交联法固定化磷脂酶A1的比较

采用不同固定化磷脂酶A1的方法，即交联法和微胶囊法，以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为载体，戊二醛为交联剂，固定化磷脂酶A1．通过考察固定化载体和固定化酶的性质以及固定化酶的活力回收等，比较两种固定化酶方法的优劣．结果表明，微胶囊包埋法固定化磷脂酶A1工艺较佳．     

电聚吡咯固定化酪氨酸酶电极的制备及性能

用恒电位法在电化学聚合吡咯的同时，将酪氨酸酶固定在导电聚吡咯膜内，制成一种灵敏、稳定的酪氨酸酶电极。讨论了溶液ｐ Ｈ 值和聚合电位对酶固定化的影响，对酶分子嵌入前后吡咯膜的 Ｓ Ｅ Ｍ 图和 Ｃ Ｖ 曲线进行了分析和比较。该电极响应对甲苯酚的线性范围为５ ．０ ×１０ － ８ ～１ ．０ ×１０ － ６ ｍｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ ，最适ｐ Ｈ 值为６ ．６ ，酶反应表观上遵循 Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ＿ Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ 动力学，表观米氏常数为２ ．２ ×１０ － ５ ｍｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ 。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with