碳氮比对半静态强制通风堆肥反应器堆肥腐熟度的影响

以污泥/猪粪为堆肥原料,以锯末为辅料,探讨碳氮比(C/N比)对自制半静态强制通风堆肥反应器好氧堆肥腐熟效果的影响.结果表明:当碳氮比为15时,污泥/猪粪在半静态强制通风堆肥反应器内的混合好氧堆肥腐熟效果最好,高温期最长,其可挥发性固体的降解效率最优秀,可达39.12%,C/N比的T值最小,为0.53.温度、p H、电导率、含水率、种子发芽指数等指标显示的腐熟度也均好于C/N为20、25、30和35的堆体.     

水葫芦与猪粪好氧厌氧交替堆肥特征研究

为探讨好氧厌氧交替条件下水葫芦与猪粪堆肥的特征,将水葫芦、猪粪与木屑以1．7：1．0：0．3（质量比）的比例混合均匀,进行为期56天交替式好氧厌氧堆肥化处理．试验研究了堆肥过程中温度（T）、含水率（Mc）、pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、C／N、水溶性铵态（NH4＋-N）、挥发性固体（vs）、总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的变化特征．结果表明,与堆肥原料相比,好氧厌氧交替堆肥化使堆料TOC、TN及vs分别下降了47．91％、25．00％及19．32％．经测定,56天后堆料腐殖质含量为6．52％,表明交替好氧厌氧堆肥化能同时实现水葫芦与猪粪的减量化与资源化．     

餐厨垃圾高温好氧堆肥小试研究

为了探明餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥反应机理,优化堆肥工艺,用餐厨垃圾和锯末为原料,以质量比为3∶1的比例混合后进行小规模高温好氧堆肥研究.通过测定堆料中的水溶性C/N、pH值、温度、含水率和总有机碳下降率来推断反应进行的程度.试验表明,本装置可使堆肥顺利升温,最高温度达到60.5℃,并且高温期(>50℃)持续6 d,所得堆肥产品的理化性质和卫生指标符合国家相关标准.堆肥环境温度为40℃,初始堆料含水率为55%较为适宜.     

蚯蚓粪在药渣与污泥混合堆肥中的最佳配比

以药渣为堆肥填料,蚯蚓粪为堆肥辅助菌剂,设计了A,B,C,D共4个处理组,进行好氧堆肥发酵．通过测定堆肥过程中的温度、pH、含水率、有机质、N H＋4 N、速效磷、速效钾的变化,确定蚯蚓粪在药渣与污泥混合堆肥中的最佳配比．结果表明,采用处理C,即污泥∶药渣∶蚯蚓粪（w/w/w ）＝6∶3.6∶2时,堆肥质量最好．     

餐厨垃圾高效好氧堆肥过程参数的影响因素研究

为了考察环境温度、初始含水率、通风量和填料量等因素对餐厨垃圾堆肥进程的影响,分别选用3组卧式反应器进行了4因素3水平完全试验和正交试验,对堆料温度、水溶性COD和pH值等餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥过程参数在不同条件下的变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:环境温度、通风量、初始含水率和填料量等不同影响因素对餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥过程均具有显著影响.环境温度、通风量、含水率和填料量等4因素对堆肥减量化率的影响显著性顺序为含水率>环境温度>填料量>通风量.     

通风量对餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥的影响

通过探讨通风量对餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥的影响,分别以1,2,4,6,8 L/min的强制通风量鼓风供氧,对堆肥过程中的温度、含水率、pH值以及水溶性氨氮、凯氏氮、COD、C/N进行测定.实验结果表明:通风量对堆料温度和含水率的影响比较明显;通过对各参数的对比分析,得到了较适宜的通风量:堆肥初期,以2 L/min进行通风,进入高温阶段后,以4 L/min进行通风.     

控制堆肥过程中氮素损失的途径和方法综述

堆肥过程中的氮损失及其控制正引起国内外越来越多学者的关注.受堆肥物料组成、pH值、通风/温度、湿度和堆肥添加剂等的共同影响,C/N质量比低的物料在好氧堆肥过程中会产生大量的氮损失(约为16%～74%).目前控制氮损失的方法,除了改变工艺条件,如保障适量的通风/控温、加湿等,主要就是在堆肥过程中加入添加剂.加入的物质主要有4大类:富含碳的物质,如秸杆、泥炭等;金属盐类及硫元素;吸附剂,如沸石、黏土、椰壳纤维等;外源微生物,如固氮菌、纤维素分解菌、EM菌等.今后堆肥过程中的氮损失调控将向各方法的优化和集成方面发展.     

不同初始C/N比对高温堆肥效果的影响

研究不同初始C/N比的高温堆肥效果,结果表明:初始C/N比在20～40范围内可成功地进行好氧堆肥,最佳C/N比为30.堆肥过程中氮素损失主要发生在高温期,应采取保氮措施.     

苹果冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确定

对苹果进行了冷冻干燥实验,确定了苹果片冻干工艺条件,计算了冻结时间,建立了苹果片冻干的传热传质模型,由模型计算出不同厚度物料的理论干燥时间,并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、物料温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对冷冻干燥过程及制品质量的影响．苹果冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结温度-35℃,冻结时间1h,升华干燥时干燥仓压强70-90Pa,解吸干燥时干燥仓压强20-30Pa,解吸干燥时物料温度50-60℃．     

秸秆与污泥混合好氧堆肥研究

将污泥与秸秆进行混合好氧堆肥,对堆肥过程中堆料的温度、pH值、含水率及堆肥前后重金属各形态的变化进行了分析,结果表明堆肥处理可以实现顺利升温并在50～55℃维持5d以上,达到杀灭致病菌要求的条件;pH值稳定在7．5—9．0之间,含水率不断减小,堆肥过程可以顺利进行;重金属有效态有一定程度的降低,减小了污泥土地利用时重金属的环境危害。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that