第二相粒子对8090合金超塑性的影响

对8090 合金超塑性变形中的粒子行为进行了研究。定量金相分析表明最佳平均粒子直径是 0.038 μm。透射电镜观察及晶界角度测量表明析出相粒子影响动态再结晶细化晶粒的过程主要是通过对超塑变形保温期间形成的亚晶界角度的影响来实现的。在超塑性流变过程中,第二相粒子始终钉扎晶界阻止晶粒长大,并且位于晶界附近的第二相粒子促进了大角度晶界凸出的再结晶形核,对晶界滑动起到有利作用。     

高温变形时Al67Mn8Ti25的动态回复和动态再结晶

采用透射电子显微术研究了Ａｌ６７Ｍｎ８Ｔｉ２５金属间化合物高温拉伸变形后的显微组织．结果表明,该合金在１１７３Ｋ和８．３５×１０－５ｓ－１条件下的塑性变形过程是以动态回复为主,变形后晶粒内存在较高密度的位错、位错墙和位错网络;而在１１７３Ｋ及３．３４×１０－５ｓ－１条件下合金则发生了动态再结晶,变形后的组织为动态再结晶形成的新晶粒,晶粒内包含有稳定的亚晶界．Ａｌ６７Ｍｎ８Ｔｉ２５合金高温塑性变形是一典型的速率控制过程．由于该合金中的位错运动及与原子扩散有关的过程进行较为困难,故只有在足够高的温度和低的应变速率条件下才发生动态回复和动态再结晶,同时合金获得较高的拉伸塑性．     

Ni-48Al金属间化合物的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为 2 0 0 μm的 Ni- 48Al单相金属化合物的高温变形行为 .结果表明 ,该合金在 1 0 2 5～ 1 1 0 0°C,应变速率 1 .2 5× 1 0 -4～ 2× 1 0 -3 s-1内呈现超塑性变形 ,在 1 1 0 0°C、应变速率 1 .1 2 5× 1 0 -3 s-1时 ,最大延伸率可达 1 88.2 % .显微结构分析表明 ,原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化 ,大晶粒超塑性变形机理为高温变形过程中发生的连续动态回复与再结晶     

大晶粒Ni-Al合金的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为 2 2 0μm的 Ni- 40 % Al(原子分数 )单相合金的高温变形行为 .结果表明 ,该合金在 1 0 0 0～ 1 1 0 0°C温区 ,5× 1 0 -4～ 5× 1 0 -5s-1的应变速率范围内呈现超塑性变形 ,在1 0 5 0°C应变速率为 2 .5× 1 0 -4s-1时 ,最大延伸率可达 340 % ,相应的应变速率敏感指数为 0 .3,表观激活能为 2 89k J/mol.原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化 ,而大晶粒超塑性是由高温变形过程中发生连续回复和再结晶所致 .     

5A90铝锂合金的超塑性变形行为

采用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射、电导率测试以及超塑性高温拉伸实验研究5A90铝锂合金超塑性变形行为和变形机理。研究结果表明:经450℃/30 min再结晶退火后,在变形温度为500℃、应变速率为8×10~(-4)s~(-1)的超塑性变形条件下,可使伸长率由未退火状态的630%提升至1 120%;在超塑性变形过程中,晶粒由长条状逐渐变为等轴状,而退火后的晶粒更加细小且等轴化程度更高,再结晶退火还可以提高材料内部的空位浓度并增加大角度晶界所占的比例,这都有利于伸长率提高;在最适宜超塑性变形条件下,该材料的应变速率敏感性指数m为0.63,因此,其主要变形机制为晶界滑移,但在变形后期扩散机制成为一种协调机制。     

Zn-5%Al共晶合金超塑性变形特性的研究

研究了热轧态的Zn-5％Al共晶合金超塑性变形的力学行为及其显微组织的变化。结果表明:温度和应变速率对合金超塑性的力学性能影响很大。由于Zn-5％Al共晶合金具有优良的稳定组织,其最佳超塑性出现在较高的温度(300℃)和中等应变速率(1.67×10~(-4)s~(-1))条件下。随着温度提高到340℃,热长大已成为晶粒长大的主要因素。提高变形温度(300℃),可以使Zn-5％Al合金以较小的应力(25 MPa)和较高的应变速率(1.67×10~(-2)s~(-1))超塑性变形。     

Ni-42Al单相金属间化合物的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为200μm的富Ni单相Ni-42Al金属间化合物的高温变形行为及组织演变规律.结果表明,该合金在1 000~1 100℃、应变速率(0.125~2)×10-3s-1内呈现超塑性变形,在1 075℃、应变速率为10-3s-1时,最大延伸率可达306%.研究发现,该合金的应变速率敏感指数m与应变温度及应变速率相关.实验条件下,m值在0.2~0.3变化.显微结构分析表明,原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化,大晶粒超塑性变形是通过位错的交滑移与攀移等交互作用发生的连续动态回复和再结晶导致的.     

等径弯曲通道变形制备超细晶铝合金的组织性能

用等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)的方法制备出超细晶铝合金材料,并研究了在不同道次条件下其显微组织的演化过程.研究表明,随着强烈塑性变形的增加,显微组织中开始形成大量晶粒尺寸小于1μm的位错胞组织,当其晶界取向差增大时,亚晶粒变为越来越细的板条状组织.当经过8道次ECAP变形后,晶粒尺寸由变形前的约50μm细化为约0.2μm.该超细晶铝合金材料在150℃的退火条件下,其晶粒尺寸稳定在0.2～0.3μm的范围内.在温度为500℃、应变速率为10-3s-1的拉伸实验中,该超细晶铝合金材料的最大延伸率高达370%,呈现出良好的超塑性.     

含Sc铝镁合金超塑变形行为与显微组织特征

研究了含微量Ｓｃ元素的ＡｌＭｇ合金在超塑变形过程中的力学行为和显微组织．结果表明：合金可在较宽温度和应变速率范围内获得良好的超塑性．在温度为５２０℃,初始应变速率为１６７×１０－３ｓ－１条件下拉伸变形时最大延伸率可以达到３９６％．显微组织分析发现,合金的超塑性效应是由变形初期的动态再结晶诱发产生,其超塑变形过程可分为亚晶超塑性阶段、过渡阶段和细晶超塑性阶段．     

钪对铝锂合金再结晶温度的影响

通过硬度测量和微观金相观察,研究了钪对铝锂合金再结晶过程的影响.结果表明,向铝锂合金加入微量的钪,可以在合金中形成尺寸细小、密集度高而且弥散分布的Al3Sc和Al3(Scx,Zr1-x)相粒子,能有效阻碍位错的移动和亚晶界的迁移与合并,稳定亚晶结构,对晶界有很强的钉扎作用,从而抑制了再结晶晶粒的形核与长大,提高了铝锂合金的再结晶温度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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