溶胶-凝胶法制备不同晶相组成TiO_2及其可见光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同晶型的TiO2纳米粒子,以X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱和紫外-可见固体漫反射吸收光谱对其进行了表征及光吸收特性研究,以可见光下TiO2对罗丹明B的降解率评价其光催化活性.结果表明TiO2纳米粒子的晶相分别为锐钛矿纯相、锐钛矿/金红石混晶和金红石纯相,粒子的平均粒径为10 nm左右,许多纳米粒子聚集形成较大的颗粒,且表面含有活性羟基.制备的三种晶相组成的TiO2对罗丹明B均具有较高的可见光催化活性,活性均高于商品TiO2（P25）,且活性按锐钛矿纯相、混晶和金红石纯相的顺序依次降低,可见TiO2的可见光催化活性与其晶相组成密切相关.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备不同晶相组成TiO2及其可见光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同晶型的TiO2纳米粒子,以X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱和紫外-可见固体漫反射吸收光谱对其进行了表征及光吸收特性研究,以可见光下TiO2对罗丹明B的降解率评价其光催化活性.结果表明TiO2纳米粒子的晶相分别为锐钛矿纯相、锐钛矿/金红石混晶和金红石纯相,粒子的平均粒径为10 nm左右,许多纳米粒子聚集形成较大的颗粒,且表面含有活性羟基.制备的三种晶相组成的TiO2对罗丹明B均具有较高的可见光催化活性,活性均高于商品TiO2(P25),且活性按锐钛矿纯相、混晶和金红石纯相的顺序依次降低,可见TiO2的可见光催化活性与其晶相组成密切相关.     

多价硫掺杂二氧化钛的制备及可见光催化性能

采用低温水热法制备了多价硫(S4+/S0)掺杂的二氧化钛催化剂(S-TiO2),运用低温氮吸附、X射线粉末衍射、紫外可见漫反射光谱和X射线光电子能谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并以可见光催化降解丙酮作为模型反应考察其可见光催化活性.结果表明,与TiO2相比,S-TiO2催化剂的BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边红移、锐钛矿向金红石的相转化被抑制,具有较高的可见光催化活性.     

氮掺杂暴露（001）面二氧化钛的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

以尿素为氮源、HF为调控剂,采用水热法制备了以（001）活性面为主的氮掺杂型TiO2催化剂.SEM、TEM、XRD、Raman及UV-Vis测试结果表明,TiO2及N-TiO2产品均为暴露（001）面的纳米片状锐钛矿结构,TiO2在高温900℃煅烧仍能保持锐钛矿结构.F-不仅对（001）面的暴露起到很好的调控作用,而且抑制了TiO2在高温下向金红石相的转化.氮的掺杂窄化了TiO2的禁带宽度,使其边带红移,在可见光区域有很强的吸收峰.并且,随着氮掺杂量的增多,N-TiO2在可见光的吸收峰增强.以可见光降解染料罗丹明B溶液作为探针反应,研究了不同N/Ti配比的N-TiO2的可见光催化活性,氮掺杂TiO2的可见光催化活性比照纯TiO2有明显的改善.     

转晶对纳米锐钛TiO2光催化活性的影响

加热处理纳米锐钛TiO2使其发生转晶,因而得到一种利用可见光激发的光催化剂,并对此催化剂用x射线衍射,红外吸收,紫外可见吸收等方法进行了表征．用该方法得到的TiO2为催化剂,进行可见光催化降解酸性红B的研究．结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,TiO2转晶比例逐渐增大,温度升到1000℃,全部锐钛型转变成金红石型TiO2,但TiO2在500℃下加热30min催化活性最高,酸性红B的光降解效果明显优于单独使用纳米锐钛型、纳米金红石型TiO2和按照转晶的比率混合的锐钛型和金红石型TiO2．这种显著提高的光催化作用归因于加热所形成的特殊锐钛-金红石界面耦合状态,导致光生电子从金红石相转移到锐钛相,避免了电子-空穴对的复合．     

纳米TiO_(2-x)N_x光催化薄膜的制备及其性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,负载于玻璃微珠表面,并采用NH3气氛焙烧法制得掺氮纳米TiO2薄膜.运用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱等技术,考察不同焙烧温度和负载次数对掺氮的TiO2样品性能的影响.研究结果表明,350,400,450℃热处理的样品的晶相为锐钛矿相,而在500℃时开始出现金红石相,且随温度的进一步升高,金红石相的含量逐渐增多;掺氮的TiO2样品具有可见光吸收性能,450℃热处理的样品达到最佳,其吸收边红移至约720 nm.另外,薄膜的厚度对样品的光催化性能影响显著,负载3次后,样品对罗丹明B的光催化活性最高.     

氮掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及光催化性能研究

以双氰胺为氮源,温和条件下采用Sol-Gel法制备氮掺杂TiO2粉末.XRD结果显示:所制备的样品是以锐钛矿相为主、含少量金红石相的混和相;UV-Vis漫反射光谱结果显示:相对于TiO2,氮掺杂纳米二氧化钛(N/TiO2)的光吸收阈值没有发生明显的红移,但可见光吸收强度明显增大.n(N):n(Ti)=0.12:1、煅烧温度400℃、煅烧时间2 h条件下制备的N/TiO2光催化剂的催化活性最佳,可见光下,300 min内可使甲基橙的降解率达到60%.     

氮掺杂TiO2纳米管电极制备及可见光电催化活性

采用氮气中500℃和600℃热处理由阳极氧化法制备的TiO2纳米管阵列,制备了氮掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列电极。分别用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,X射线衍射（XRD）和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱对电极进行了表征。结果表明氮成功地掺入TiO2纳米管中。氮的引入使所制备的电极表现出可见光电催化活性,其中氮气中500℃下热处理得到的TiO2纳米管阵列电极表现出最好的可见光电催化活性。     

水解沉淀法制备氮掺杂TiO_2可见光光催化剂

为拓展TiO2可见光的响应范围,以氨水为氮源,在常温条件下采用水解沉淀法制备了氮掺杂TiO2粉末。以X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱和X射线光电子能谱等对TiO2进行了表征。对可见光照射下的光催化活性进行了测试,并考察了煅烧温度及掺杂量等对光催化活性的影响。结果表明:氮掺杂致使TiO2吸收边带向可见光区偏移,在降解亚甲基蓝的实验中表现出良好的可见光催化活性;随煅烧温度的增加,氮摩尔分数增加,晶粒增大,可见光催化活性减弱;煅烧温度为400℃,氮的摩尔分数为2%时制备样品的光催化活性最高。     

Fe，Gd共掺杂改性TiO2的可见光光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铁和钆共掺杂纳米TiO2粉体材料,研究了共掺杂粉末在可见光下的光催化性能.紫外可见吸收光谱分析显示:共掺杂粉末在可见光区有较强吸收,共掺杂离子以协同作用拓展TiO2光谱响应.光催化降解实验表明,共掺杂TiO2粉体有很高的可见光光催化活性,以550 ℃热处理的同时掺杂质量分数为0.05%Fe和0.05%Gd的TiO2粉体光催化效果最好,在可见光下对甲基橙的降解率为79.6%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with