New technology for recyclingmaterials from oily cold rollingmill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill (CRM) sludge is one of metallurgical industry solid wastes. The recycle of these wastes can not only protect the environment but also permit their reutilization. In this research, a new process of “hydrometallurgical treatment + hydrothermal synthesis” was investigated for the combined recovery of iron and organic materials from oily CRM sludge. Hydrometallurgical treatment, mainly including acid leaching, centrifugal separation, neutralization reaction, oxidizing, and preparation of hydrothermal reaction precursor, was first utilized for processing the sludge. Then, micaceous iron oxide (MIO) pigment powders were prepared through hydrothermal reaction of the obtained precursor in alkaline media. The separated organic materials can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock. The quality of the prepared MIO pigments is in accordance with the standards of MIO pigments for paints (ISO 10601-2007). This clean, effective, and economical technology offers a new way to recycle oily CRM sludge.     

直拉式冷轧实验机自动控制系统

为了满足钢铁企业加强冷轧生产技术研究能力的需要,轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室(RAL)自主设计开发了垂直方向采用液压自动厚度控制(HAGC),水平方向两侧通过液压缸和夹头产生张力进行自动张力控制(ATC)的新型直拉式可逆冷轧实验轧机.概要地介绍了直拉式冷轧实验机的设备构成及设备的主要功能和特点,详细说明了控制系统构成及自动控制功能的实现,通过系统测试给出了系统控制精度.测试结果表明冷轧实验工艺过程可以模拟生产工艺过程,进行冷轧钢种开发和工艺研究.     

高抗力金属板带材多辊冷轧机特点分析

掌握生产板带材的金属的特性和变形特点是进行高精度多辊可逆冷轧机设计的基础。针对多品种,多规格和板卷共线的生产工艺需求,通过对比分析选择了六辊辊系的可逆冷轧机。该冷轧机主要用来生产厚度薄至0.3～0.4 mm的钛及钛合金,镍及镍合金,铜及铜合金,不锈钢,高温合金以及精密合金板带材。冷轧机的最大轧制力35 000 kN,最高轧制速度480 m/min,最大轧制力矩320 kN·m。机组主要由皮带运输机,开卷和卷取机,主轧机,除油装置,矫直机,移动和固定辊道等设备组成。同时,也包括消防系统,液压系统,电控系统等。重点对冷轧机的工艺设计要求,机组组成特点,关键设备部件,典型技术参数等进行了介绍和分析。     

高硼多组分铸铁的组织及相元素分布

这种新提出的新型铸铁的化学成分为在0.7C–5W–5Mo–5V–10Cr–2.5Ti (wt%)中分别添加1.6wt% B和2.7wt% B。这项工作的目的是研究硼的含量对合金的结构状态和阶段元素分布对耐磨结构成分的形成影响。结果表明,当B含量为1.6wt%时,合金由三种共晶组成:(a) “M₂(C,B)₅+铁素体”具有“汉字”形貌 (89.8vol%), (b) “M₇(CB)₃+奥氏体”具有“莲座”形貌,(c) “M₃C+奥氏体”具有“莱氏体”形貌 (2.7vol%)。当硼含量为2.7wt%时,基体硬度由HRC 31提高到HRC 38.5。组织中出现了平均显微硬度为HV 2797的初生碳化物M₂(C,B)₅,体积分数为17.6vol%。共晶体(a)和(b,c)的体积分数分别降低到71.2vol%和3.9vol%。基体为“铁素体/奥氏体” (1.6wt% B) 和“铁素体/珠光体”(2.7wt% B),两种铸铁均含有致密析出碳化物(Ti,M)C和碳硼化物(Ti,M)(C,В),体积分数为7.3%–7.5%。基于能量色散X射线能谱,给出了元素相的分布和相应的相公式。     

基于神经网络的冷连轧机轧制力预报模型

为了提高冷连轧机轧制力预报精度，提出一种解析数学模型结合神经网络校正模型的计算方法，建立冷连轧机轧制力预报模型。采用径向基函数的局部映射和全局线性映射相结合的神经网络校正模型求解带钢变形抗力和轧制变形区的摩擦因数；并采用轧制变形区离散化方法分析轧制变形区内张力、摩擦力及金属变形抗力等在带钢轧制方向上的分布规律，从而建立轧制力在线计算数学模型。现场实测数据离线仿真结果表明，采用此基于神经网络的冷连轧机轧制力预报模型预测轧制力，其预测误差小于8．9％，此模型能用于指导生产实践。     

新型不锈钢带钢冷轧机特征评述

近年来 ,不锈钢冷轧带钢市场需求日益增长。选择合理机型生产高质量冷轧不锈钢带钢是当前面临的课题。本文重点介绍了适合于我国国情易于将旧设备四辊轧机改造成多辊轧机的Z型轧机及设计新型、性能优良的SG1 8辊轧机     

大型板带轧机机架制造工艺研究

为实现大型轧机制造的国产化和降低轧机设备投资,结合马钢2 250 mm热轧机和2 130 mm冷轧机薄板生产线的特点和需要,对大型板带轧机机架的制造工艺进行了研究.经预装配测试,轧机机架的制造精度完全达标,各项性能指标完全符合设计的技术质量要求.2 250 mm热轧薄板和2 130 mm冷轧机薄生产线的工业试验结果表明:在确保轧机机架质量的前提下,降低了设备投资,缩短了制作时间.     

基于遗传神经网络的冷连轧机轧制压力模型

对鞍网冷轧厂四机架冷连轧机轧制压力模型进行了认真分析,指出了其存在的缺陷,把遗传算法（Ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ Ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ,简称ＧＡ）和神经网络有机结合,设计出了具有遗传算法性能参数优选、网络结构参数优选、网络性能参数优选以及ＧＡ－ＢＰ算法联合进行网络权值修改几种功能的遗传神经网络,建立了基于遗传神经网络的新冷连轧机轧制压力模型,通过原模型计算值、新模型计算值与实测值之间的对比分析可知,遗传神经网     

Impact of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy sheets deformed by on-line heating rolling

The effect of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 sheet was investigated in the present paper. Two AZ31 sheets were rolled together with an on-line heating rolling mill and separated from each other afterwards. For each sheet, the strain on both surface during rolling was asymmetry and this rolling method is called asymmetry rolling (AR) in present work. For comparison, symmetry rolling (SR) was also carried out on the same rolling mill that only one sheet was rolled in one pass. The sheets deformed by AR showed more homogeneous microstructure with higher recrystallization level and symmetry distributional basal texture. Moreover, SR sheets showed many narrow shear bands which distributed as “V” shape along rolling direction, while less shear bands with wider size are observed in AR sheet. The shear bands in AR sheet distributed as a line and across the entire thickness of the sheet, resulting in layered bimodal structure. Based on the unique microstructure and texture characteristics, AR sheet has lowest mechanical property anisotropy and a good balance of strength and elongation.     

粉末铁基高温合金的制备工艺研究

采用粉末机械合金化-温压成型-真空烧结等方法制备了氧化物弥散强化铁基高温合金MA956,并对其制备工艺和组织性能进行了研究。结果表明,高能振动球磨4h粉末颗粒细小均匀,已经基本实现了合金化,将其在120℃、500MPa条件下进行温压成型,压坯密度比常温模压工艺提高了0．3g／cm3;烧结温度对烧结体组织和性能有较大的影响,粉末压坯在1350℃烧结其致密度最高,为90．8％,且显微组织致密性好。     

Warm/cold rolling processes for producing Fe-6.5wt% Si electrical steel with columnar grains

A new technical prototype for producing Fe-6.5wt% Si electrical steel sheets by directional solidification, heat treatment before rolling, warm rolling, and cold rolling was proposed in the present study. The formability of Fe-6.5wt% Si electrical steel before rolling and the reasonable process parameters of this technical prototype were obtained. Experimental results reveal that the formability of Fe-6.5wt% Si electrical steel is improved significantly under the combination of directional solidification and heat treatment before rolling. Fe-6.5wt% Si electrical steel sheets with the thickness of 0.15 mm, bright surface, few edge cracks, and high rolling yield can be successfully fabricated using this technology without any intermediate annealing during the whole rolling. The combination of directional solidification, heat treatment before rolling, warm rolling, and cold rolling can work as a new process for highly efficient and compact fabrication of Fe-6.5wt% Si electrical steel sheets.     

Reduction of NO_x emission based on optimized proportions of mill scale and coke breeze in sintering process

Reducing NO_x emission of iron ore sintering process in a cost effective manner is a challenge for the iron and steel industry at present. Effects of the proportion of mill scale and coke breeze on the NO_x emission, strength of sinter, and sinter indexes were studied by combustion and sinter pot tests. Results showed that the peak value of NO concentration, total of NO emission, and fuel-N conversion rate gradually decreased as the proportions of the mill scale increased because NO was reduced to N_2 by Fe_3O_4, FeO, and Fe in the mill scale. The strength of sinter reached the highest value at 8.0 wt% mill scale due to the formation of minerals with low melting point. The fuel-N conversion rate slightly fluctuated and total NO_x emission significantly decreased with the decreased proportions of coke breeze because CO formation and content of N element in the sintered mixture decreased. However, the sinter strength also decreased due to the decrease in the amount of the melting minerals. Furthermore, results of the sinter pot tests indicated that NO_x emission decreased. The sinter indexes performed well when the proportions of mill scale and coke breeze were 8.0 wt% and 3.70 wt% respectively in the sintered mixture.     

CVC四辊冷轧机板形控制策略

研究了宽带冷轧机的板形控制策略理论问题以及ＣＶＣ四辊冷带轧机建立合理的板形控制策略的一般方法，在此基础上，以宝钢冷轧机的第五机架为对象，建立了一套适用的板形控制策略模型。     

球磨环境对机械合金化合成纳米TiC的影响

以Ti粉和活性炭粉作为原始粉末在行星式球磨机(QM ISP2)上进行高能球磨,分别在低真空、高真空、Ar、空气+H2和H2等不同球磨环境下机械合金化合成TiC。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等技术对合成产物进行物相和形貌分析,并用热力学和Maurice Courtney模型等理论对其合成机理进行了探讨。结果表明,在5种不同球磨环境下用Ti粉和活性炭粉都能合成TiC,其中在H2环境下的合成速度最快。H2对TiC的机械合金化合成具有加速作用,其机理是H2不仅能促使Ti与活性炭粉末细化,使断裂的新鲜表面保持清洁,而且能使Ti的活性增强。     

UCM六辊冷轧机中间辊辊形研究

针对1500UCM宽带钢冷轧机轧制薄规格带钢易出现板形缺陷和轧辊剥落等问题,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立六辊轧机辊系弹性变形三维有限元模型,并利用UCM轧机窜辊特性和轧机板形控制性能指标设计中间辊新辊形.有限元仿真研究表明:UCM轧机中间辊新辊形与原辊形相比,轧机板形控制能力明显提高,工作辊弯辊调控功效提高35.21%,辊缝横向刚度增强12.25%,常轧宽度1 280 mm薄板的辊缝凸度调节域面积增大75.26%;且UCM轧机辊间压力分布得到改善,中间辊和工作辊的辊间接触压力峰值和辊间接触压力不均匀度系数分别下降3.16%和253%,支持辊和中间辊辊间接触压力峰值和辊间接触压力不均匀度系数分别下降13.29%和17.45%.研究结果为开展UCM轧机中间辊新辊形工业实验提供了理论依据.     

6111铝合金在冷轧过程中织构的变化

采用取向分布函数(ODF)分析并研究了6111铝合金在冷轧过程中织构的演变及轧制工艺对冷轧织构的影响.结果表明,6111铝合金冷轧后,主要轧制织构组分均为Copper织构组分、S织构组分和Brass织构组分;冷轧过程中,在一定条件下会产生较强的旋转立方织构,而且继续轧制时,随着轧板的减薄,旋转立方织构会迅速减弱而Copper,Brass,S等正常轧制织构组分迅速增强.此外,在总轧制形变量相同的条件下,随着道次压下率的提高,轧制织构减弱.     

铜带20辊冷轧机除油装置的改进与实践

介绍了铜带20辊冷轧机除油装置结构及存在的缺陷.通过技术改造后,带材表面残油减少,轧制速度提高到300～400 m/min,生产效率提高,带材合格率达98%,取得了良好的效果.     

2180 mm冷连轧机各机架对成品板形的影响

为了分析冷连轧机机架间的相互影响以及各机架对成品板形的影响,基于冷连轧凸度和平坦度模型,采用影响系数法建立了冷连轧机的板形调控功效模型.针对某2 180 mm冷连轧机组,结合其4个典型轧制规程,对不同机架板形调控功效进行了具体分析,可以看出,对于同一轧制规程,各机架对成品板形的影响差别很大,越靠近末机架,影响越大.在冷连轧机的5个机架中,除了末机架即第5机架外,对成品板形影响最大的为第4机架,最大影响接近10 IU（1 IU=10-5）,且不同机架各板形调控手段对成品板形的影响系数在机架间相差10-3数量级.最后,对板形数据进行了统计分析及相关轧制试验来分析结论的可靠性.      

冷轧机穿带试验的分析和研究

通过对某钢厂冷轧机穿带试验过程及结果的分析和研究,得出了一些有助于生产实践的结论,进一步证明了新的穿带工艺在此轧机上应用的有效性.     

基于自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC研究

在传统秒流量AGC控制器的基础上,针对其系统非线性、时变及干扰因素多的特点,提出一种基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC控制方法。根据某四辊板带冷轧机各部分工作原理及相应的参数建立被控对象模型,并对传统秒流量AGC系统和基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC系统分别进行仿真分析。结果表明,基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC系统具有更好的动态响应、鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。