Zur Ermittlung der Farben grösster Buntkraft

Summary In experiments with a sufficiently great number of observers, using our spectral colour integrator, it has been shown thatone colour containing a maximum of chromatic power (chroma) can be chosen out of a series of optimal colours continuously changeable from white over the fullcolour to black. The determination of such maximal colours, differing in hue, shows their position between fullcolour and spectral colour in the mixing metric colour solid. Their relation to maximal properties of scalemetrically defined chromatic power functions is discussed.     

Zur Abhängigkeit der Aktivierungsenergie der Gewebsatmung bei Säugetieren von der Körpergrösse

Summary (1) The activation energy of the liver respiration in an interval of temperature between 17.5 and 37.5°C was determined in mice, rats, and guinea pigs. (2) A systematic decrease with increasing body size was observed.     

Zur Systematik und evolutiven Deutung der höheren Primaten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Isolierung und Charakterisierung einer Proteinsubstanz der Erythrocytenoberfläche

Summary Through a modified trypsin treatment of the surface of beef-erythrocytes, a substance was isolated with precipitation by a mixture of ethanol and ether, which did not contain significant amounts of hemoglobin and trypsin. A 6N HCl hydrolysate revealed with paper-chromatography 8 amino-acids in this substance. The surface of beef-erythrocyte membranes is covered with a protein- or peptide-layer.     

Zur Wahl der organischen Lösungsmittel bei der Gewinnung von Chloroplasten in nichtwässerigem Milieu

Summary For the isolation of chloroplasts in non-aqueous media the following organic solvents are suitable: pentane, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. These solvents cause a minimum loss of lipids.The loss of lipids and some lipid components of frozendried and ground shoots fromElodea canadensis during the isolation of chloroplasts in non-aqueous media (petroleum ether b. r. 60–80°C and petroleum ether-carbon tetrachloride mixtures) is reported.     

Zur Theorie des Föhns

Ohne ZusammenfassungOlten, den 9. November 1947.     

Zur Entstehung des Lungenödems

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur reproduzierbarkeit der Rf in der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie

Summary Conditions are discussed which influence Rf¹ on thinlayer chromatograms, and directions are given to guarantee good reproducibility. Variance of Rf on thinlayer chromatograms is of the same order of magnitude as on paper chromatograms.

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Der Ausdruck Rf-Wert ist bei häufiger Wiederholung umständlich. Wir gebrauchen an seiner Stelle: das Rf (Singular), die Rf (Plural).

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Die Mittel zur Durchführung dieser Arbeit verdanken wir Arbeitsbeschaffungskrediten des Bundes (M.B.) sowie einer Studienbeihilfe vom Land Baden-Württemberg (A.N.).     

Zur Metallspezifität der Hexokinase

Summary The activity of hexokinase has been determined in the presence of different metal ions. Besides Mg²⁺, the ions Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺ show remarkable activation. The differences are explained by superposition of an activating and an inhibiting function. The specifity problem is discussed.     

Von der Mathematik der nervösen Ordnungsleistung

Summary An exact analysis of the coordination of movements in arthropods and vertebrates leads to the rejection of older explanations in terms of reflex physiology and to a dynamic conception of the process in the central nervous system, which admits of representation by a physical model (as well as of a mathematical formulation). This conception carries with it the implication that locomotion is caused by automatic elements that work in the rhythm of locomotion and are prior to the motor elements.This view stands in close relation to the physiology of the nervous system and to Gestalt psychology.     

Hydrobiologische Anstalt Plön der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Bestimmung der Wasserpermeabilität des Protoplasmas

Summary Two possible objections against the diffusion theory of water permeability in protoplasm¹ are discussed. One is refuted, while the other is valid. But it causes no change of the formula which has been derived for the calculation of water permeation constants strictly comparable to the constants of permeating osmotica.     

Zur Histologie der Lungenveränderungen bei der Valléeschen Krankheit

Summary 31 lungs of cases of infectious anemia and 7 lungs showing other diseases of horses, all with a good clinical history based on personal observation, were studied.All subacute and chronic cases of infectious anemia showed distinct swelling and proliferation of endothelial cells both in the capillaries and small blood vessels. These changes were absent in other diseases as well as in old latent and very recent acute cases of infectious anemia.     

Röntgenstrahlen und Aufbau der Materie

Summary X-rays have proved exceptionally useful in the investigation of the structure of matter, especially since the discovery of X-ray diffraction in crystals. A survey is given of the development of research into crystal structures and stress is laid on the value of the international co-operation achieved in this field. The use of X-ray diffraction, at first restricted to the determination of crystal structures, has in the course of time been extended far beyond the limits of crystallography. Today diffraction methods offer a widely applicable means of scientific research and one particularly adapted to the technical testing of materials. Further important applications of X-rays in science and technology are provided by radiography and X-ray spectroscopy.     

Die thermodynamischen Grössen der Aktivierung der Phosphationenaufnahme durch Gerstenwurzeln

Summary From experiments on the uptake of phosphorus by excised barley roots, the temperature function of the rate-constant of this uptake reaction was determined and the enthalpy, free enthalpy and entropy of activation were calculated.     

Zur Biogenese pentazyklischer Triterpene in einer höheren Pflanze

Summary The biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenes has been followed in germinating soja-beans with the aid of isotopic tracers.     

Zur Frage des Virusrezeptors von perjodatbehandelten roten Blutkörperchen

Summary Absorption tests have shown that those receptors of the erythrocytes which can be oxydised with JO₄-ions cannot be regarded as identical with the virus receptors.     

Die Cyclotron-Anlage der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Regelung der Strömungsrichtung des Blutes

Summary Within the animal kingdom, two kinds of circulatory systems can be distinguished: those in which the circulation of the blood is seemingly congeneric in both directions, and those in which it flows, if not constantly at least chiefly, in one direction. In the latter case, all those factors must influence it which regulate the direction of the flow. They may be divided into active and passive factors. The active factors are the intervention of muscle fibres, while the passive factors are the arrangement of the heart as regards fore- and after-portions as well as the formation of the valves. By the interference of active or combined mechanisms the blood may be periodically hindered from circulating, sometimes even stopped for a longer period, a process which is of the utmost importance for the distribution of the blood in the organism. The higher the species ranks in the animal kingdom, the more complicated are the ways in which this can take place.From these facts, a general law can be established: if a circulatory system is built symmetrically, the circulation of blood in it can go in both directions, as is the case with various worms and tunicata. In the case of asymmetry in the arrangement, the flow will be especially in one direction.