光电多芯片组件CAD系统的设计

为了有效地对光电多芯片组件（ＯＥＭＣＭ）进行设计和封装,迫切需要一种集成化的计算机辅助设计（ＣＡＤ）系统．通过对ＯＥＭＣＭ 系统设计过程的研究,根据ＯＥＭＣＭ 所涉及的不同领域知识,将设计过程分为８ 个模块,并提出一种集成的层次化的ＯＥＭＣＭ ＣＡＤ软件的系统结构．系统采用统一的数据描述和ＣＡＤ框架结构,它也可扩展至一般的光电子系统的设计领域     

强非线性复合介质的电导性质研究

应用伽辽金方法研究了强非线性复合介质的电导性质；讨论了杂质和基质都服从Ｊ＝σ｜Ｅ｜２Ｅ的本构方程；在只保留最低阶近似的情况下，导出了这类复合介质的非线性有效电导率的近似解析公式．     

注塑模 CAD/CAE/CAM 的研究现状与发展方向

在综述国内外注塑模ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ／ＣＡＭ研究成果的基础上，对典型的研究方法和关键技术进行了评述．结合我国国情，提出了注塑模ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ／ＣＡＭ的发展方向．     

模糊致命度分析及其在矩阵FMECA中的应用

故障模式、影响及致命度分析（简称ＦＭＥＣＡ）是提高产品可靠性的一种有效的工具．矩阵ＦＭＥＣＡ系统和模糊致命度分析系统是目前较为先进的ＦＭＥＣＡ方法．但是,这两种方法各有其利弊．本文研究的在矩阵ＦＭＥＣＡ中采用模糊致命度分析方法,既能有效地跟踪及计算复杂系统的每个零部件级到系统级的故障模式和影响,节省大量的人力、物力和时间;又能采用模糊数学方法,对故障进行模糊致命度评判,大大提高了致命度分析的准确性;同时又具有在同一级故障模式中可采用框图分析方法,使分析更为简便、准确、直观性好．采用该方法编制的计算机辅助分析程序,可纵向进行矩阵ＦＭＥＣＡ快速追踪和模糊致命度评估,横向进行ＦＭＥＣＡ表格展开分析,大大提高了系统分析的速度和准确性,加强了系统分析的直观性和与用户的友好性．在机械产品的可靠性研究中,有较高的应用价值     

Mg—RE微合金化对Ni_3Al（B）－Gr熔盐腐蚀及力学性能的影响

研究了Ｍｇ－ＦＥ复合微合金化的双相Ｎｉ３ＡＬ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ基金属间化合物熔盐腐蚀和力学性能，发现Ｍｇ－ＲＥ复合微合金化能降低Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ在ＬｉＣｌ－ＫＣｌ熔盐中的阳极电流密度；同时能在不降低Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ屈服强度的条件下，提高延伸率近２０％．     

低特征信号NEPE推进剂配方设计及燃烧性能

根据最小自由能方法计算了铝粉含量变化对ＮＥＰＥ，ＣＭＤＢ以及固体含量为８８％的复合团体推进剂能量特性的影响．铝粉含量为５％～１８％时，ＮＥＰＥ推进剂密度比冲分别比ＣＭＤＢ和复合团体推进剂增加１１．１～１４．６ｓ·ｇ／ｃｍ３和１４．２～１８．０ｓ·ｇ／ｃｍ３．通过对低特征信号ＮＥＰＥ推进剂配方燃烧性能的研究，观察到当Ａ１含量为３％～５％时，采用３．５％的燃速催化剂仅可使压力指数降至０．６０．相应高能ＮＥＰＥ（铝粉含量等于１８％）推进剂的压力指数可降至０．５６．而降低ＡＰ粒度和增加其含量是提高燃速和降低压力指数的有效措施之一．此外，还测定了ＮＥＰＥ推进剂的燃速温度敏感系数，并与ＣＭＤＢ和复合团体推进剂数据进行了对比．     

基片温度对Cu—TiC复合薄膜的影响

研究了基片温度对Ｃｕ－ＴｉＣ复合薄膜的影响。Ｃｕ－ＴｉＣ复合薄膜采用多靶磁控溅射仪制备。测定了薄膜的显微硬度及电阻率，并利用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＡＸ和ＴＥＭ研究了薄膜结构。结果表明，随基片温度的提高，Ｃｕ－ＴｉＣ复合薄膜中ＴｉＣ含量增加，Ｃｕ和ＴｉＣ的晶化逐步完善。     

丙烯酸乙酯──醋酸乙烯酯与玉米淀粉的乳液共接枝聚合反应

本文以过硫酸钾与硫代硫酸钠组成ＫＰＳ—Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３氧化还原ｚ引发体系，首次研究了丙烯酸乙酯（ＥＡ）一醋酸乙烯酯（ＶＡＣ）与玉米淀粉的乳液共接枝反应规律，ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ表征了产物的结构．当［ＫＰＳ］＝６×１０－３Ｍ，［ＶＡＣ］＝１．５×１０－１Ｍ，［ＥＡ］＝２×１０－２Ｍ，Ｓ：Ｌ＝４：１００，ＣＥ＝０．６ｇ／１００ｍｌ，６０℃，反应６ｈ时，可以得到最佳的Ｇ％及Ｅ％值，文献中未见有与本文相同的报道．     

钼（VI）－高铁试剂－溴化十六烷基三甲胺体系络合物吸附波的研究

在ｐＨ４．４的ＨＣＯＯＨ－ＨＣＯＯＮａＡ介质中，钼（ＶＩ）与高铁试剂（Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ）生成络合物，在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，于－０．４８Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）出现一尖锐、灵敏的极谱波。钼含量在４．２×１０－８～５．７×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与峰高呈线性关系。用多种电化学方法研究了极谱波的性质及电极反应机理，证明络合波为吸附波。峰电流由中心离子Ｍｏ（ＶＩ）还原产生。络合物组成为Ｍｏ（ＶＩ）：Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ＝１：１。试验了三十多种离子对峰电流的影响。方法用于自来水中钼的测定，结果满意。     

脑电地形图在糖尿病性脑血管病中的应用研究

对３１例糖尿病患者同时进行了脑电地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）和脑电图（ＥＥＧ）观察，ＢＥＡＭ的典型改变是双侧多部位、不对称性的慢波功率谱增高；部分病例做了ＣＴ和经颅彩色多普勒（ＴＣＤ）检查；上述方法对糖尿病性脑血管病变检出的阳性率分别是ＢＥＡＭ为８０．６％、ＥＥＧ为２９．０％、ＣＴ为４１．６％、ＴＣＤ为６１．５％，提示ＢＥＡＭ较ＥＥＯＣＴ和ＴＣＤ更为敏感，因而ＢＥＡＭ有可能成为一种早期诊治及预防糖尿病性脑血管病的无创伤性客观检测手段。     

非线性复合介质电导的有效介质近似

在强外场作用下,复合介质的电输运性能服从非线性的本构关系。复合介质非线性电导率的计算相当复要,在线性复合介质的理论框架内,已发展了多种有效介质近似方法。利用有效介质近似,可以导出计算有效输运系数的简洁的解析公式。只要颗粒浓度在逾渗临界点以外以及颗粒和杂质的输运系数之比为有限的情况下,有效介质近似的计算都可以给出相当可靠的理论结果,因此,对于工程应用来说,有效介质近似是十分有的工具。本文在非线性复合     

Modulation of gelsolin function by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

The actin-binding protein gelsolin requires micromolar concentrations of calcium ions to sever actin filaments, to potentiate its binding to the end of the filament and to promote the polymerization of monomeric actin into filaments. Because transient increases in both intracellular [Ca2+] and actin polymerization accompany the cellular response to certain stimuli, it has been suggested that gelsolin regulates the reversible assembly of actin filaments that accompanies such cellular activations. But other evidence suggests that these activities do not need increased cytoplasmic [Ca2+] and that once actin-gelsolin complexes form in the presence of Ca2+ in vitro, removal of free Ca2+ causes dissociation of only one of two bound actin monomers from gelsolin and the resultant binary complexes cannot sever actin filaments. The finding that cellular gelsolin-actin complexes can be dissociated suggests that a Ca2+-independent regulation of gelsolin also occurs. Here we show that, like the dissociation of profilin-actin complexes, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which undergoes rapid turnover during cell stimulation, strongly inhibits the actin filament-severing properties of gelsolin, inhibits less strongly the nucleating ability of this protein and restores the potential for filament-severing activity to gelsolin-actin complexes.     

针对FPGA实现的AES密码芯片的相关性电磁分析攻击

通过研究相关性电磁分析(CEMA)攻击方法, 构建电磁泄漏信息采集和数据处理平台, 对基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现的AES-128密码算法进行近场相关性电磁分析攻击。攻击结果表明, 该平台能够获取密码芯片工作时的电磁泄漏信息,并通过分析获取AES第10轮加密的全部16个字节密钥。经过优化数据处理, 相关性电磁分析攻击的效率得到很大提高, 攻击所需的数据组数大大下降。     

Using of the surface plasmon resonance cytosensor for real-time and non-invasive monitoring of cellular effects in living C6 cells induced by PMA

By cell and molecular biology, the traditional life science research has been improved into modern ex-perimental science. Because cell is the basic structural and functional unit of the mysterious life, the study of life phenomena will be ultimately embodied into the study of cell biology. How to acquire a dynamic knowledge of the intricate biomolecular reactivity and process in living cells has become one of the hotspots in recent biological researches. For the complexity of cellular effects,…     

Common site of integration of HTLV in cells of three patients with mature T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma

Human T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) was first isolated in the United States from a patient with an aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and was later found associated with clusters of adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphomas (ATL) in various parts of the world, including Japan and the Caribbean. Leukaemic cells of the HTLV-positive patients seem to be clonal expansions of single infected cells since the provirus(es) are found at the same sites in a given patient. In avian leukosis virus-induced B-cell lymphomas, the provirus very frequently integrates at several discrete sites in a common domain near the cellular gene, c-myc, that it activates and it has been speculated that the same would hold true for other chronic leukaemia viruses. We report here that cultured cells from two US patients with CTCL and fresh leukaemia cells of a Japanese patient with ATL contained an HTLV provirus integrated at the same site. In addition, a cord blood T-lymphocyte cell line established by co-cultivation with one of the two HTLV-positive CTCL cell lines also contained HTLV provirus contiguous with the same flanking cellular sequences. Ten other HTLV-positive cell samples did not show integration of HTLV at this site, suggesting that there is more than one discrete site of HTLV integration in tumour cells.     

小鼠腹水瘤巨噬细胞对大肠杆菌O157免疫应答的膜蛋白质组学研究

采用膜亚蛋白质组学方法研究小鼠腹水瘤巨噬细胞Raw 264.7对致病性大肠杆菌O157的免疫应答反应,筛选并鉴定到24个差异表达的膜蛋白质.这些膜蛋白质与细胞免疫、细胞周期、细胞发育、细胞骨架、细胞生长等有关.在蛋白质水平上对巨噬细胞与大肠杆菌间的相互作用关系进行了一些探索性研究,为进一步揭示机体对病原反应的作用机制提供理论基础.     

Cellular inactivation by ultrasound

The lethal effect of ultrasound (US) on mammalian cells has received relatively little attention. Understandably, potential genetic aspects of US have been of prime concern to physicians who use US as a diagnostic tool; at the average power densities involved (<1 W cm(-2)) little, if any cell killing is to be expected. There have been sporadic attempts to use higher intensities ( approximately 1 W cm(-2)) as a treatment modality in cancer therapy, but those experiments seem to have been based on inadequate cellular studies. The effects of US usually were evaluated in terms of morphological criteria rather than on quantitative determination of the loss of viability as measured by colony formation. There are few reports of the effects of US on survival of mammalian cells, and none specifically examine hyperthermic interaction. With the increased interest in hyperthermia for tumour therapy, attention has been directed towards the use of ultrasound to achieve tumour heating. In preliminary experiments in which US was used to heat the EMT6 sarcoma and KHJJ carcinoma in mice, we found a high percentage of tumour cures with short (approximately 30 min) treatments at temperatures (43-44 degrees C) where in vitro results of hyperthermia-induced cell killing would not have led to a prediction of any cures. We therefore initiated an investigation of the effects of US on survival of Chinese hamster cells to see if direct cell killing by US could explain our in vivo results, or, as in the case of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic heating, we would be forced to invoke host response(8). In particular, we examined the thermal and non-thermal components of cellular inactivation by US. We report here that there is a definite non-thermal cytotoxic effect of US. Its relative contribution to cell killing is a highly nonlinear function of the temperature of the cellular milieu. The survival curves show clearly that, beyond an initial threshold, small changes in temperature and/or US intensity can give rise to impressive changes in survival values. The threshold nature of the data strongly suggests that by means of overlapping beams, ultrasound energy could be delivered to tumour tissue to achieve massive cell killings while sparing normal tissue outside the tumour volume to a degree far exceeding that of conventional techniques.     

Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein inhibits human epithelial cell differentiation

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus, is strongly linked with two relatively rare forms of B-cell lymphoma and with a much more prevalent epithelial malignancy, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The availability of suitable culture systems has allowed detailed analysis of EBV-induced growth transformation in B lymphocytes, but little is known about the virus--epithelial cell interaction or about the possible effector role of viral proteins in the pathogenesis of NPC. Here we describe an experimental system to monitor the effects of introduced viral or cellular genes upon human epithelial cell growth and differentiation. We transfected a human epithelial cell line, which retains several features of normal keratinocyte behaviour in vitro, with the EBV gene encoding latent membrane protein (LMP), one of only two viral proteins known to be expressed in NPC cells in vivo. LMP expression was accompanied by changes in the epithelial cell surface phenotype, mimicking surface changes observed in NPC cells, and by severe impairment of the cellular response to differentiation signals. The ability of LMP to inhibit terminal differentiation indicates a mechanism whereby EBV infection of squamous epithelium could contribute to the multi-step pathogenesis of NPC.     

Formation of proinsulin by immobilized Bacillus subtilis

There has been an increasing interest in the use of immobilized cells for the production of pharmaceuticals as well as for products such as high fructose syrup or ethanol. Some of these compounds are now produced on an industrial scale whereby the cells are used in a resting or growing state or in a nonviable form as natural carriers of the enzyme(s) involved in the synthesis. The advantages of immobilized cell technology should also apply to microorganisms modified by recombinant DNA techniques to produce a variety of eukaryotic proteins such as hormones. We describe here the properties of immobilized Bacillus subtilis cells carrying plasmids encoding rat proinsulin. Cell proliferation normally coupled to DNA replication is undesirable in immobilized cell systems as "clogging' of the system occurs due to cells growing outside the beads. Therefore, different ways were investigated to inhibit cell division while allowing continued protein synthesis. We found that the addition of certain antibiotics in the growth medium, such as novobiocin which inhibits DNA replication, fulfills these requirements, allowing proinsulin synthesis and excretion to take place over a period of several days.